• Vaccine Name: AER in PLGA nanoparticles + CpG + MPLA
• Target Pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Target Disease: Tuberculosis
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Mouse
• Antigen: AER is a recombinant fusion protein composed of Ag85B, ESAT-6, and Rv2034 antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Ag85B from M. tuberculosis H37Rv gene engineering:
  • Type: Fusion Protein
  • Description: Use in fusion protein preparation (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• EsxA (ESAT-6) gene engineering:
  • Type: Fusion Protein
  • Description: This is use in fusion protein preparation (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Rv2034 gene engineering:
  • Type: Fusion Protein
  • Description: This is use in fusion protein preparation (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant: CpG DNA vaccine adjuvant
  • Adjuvant name: CpG DNA vaccine adjuvant
  • VO adjuvant ID: VO_0001237
  • Description: CpG is used as TLR9 and TLR4 agonist adjuvants to enhance Th1-type immune responses (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Adjuvant: monophosphoryl lipid A vaccine adjuvant
  • Adjuvant name: monophosphoryl lipid A vaccine adjuvant
  • VO adjuvant ID: VO_0001250
  • Description: MPLA is used as TLR9 and TLR4 agonist adjuvants to enhance Th1-type immune responses (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Preparation: The recombinant AER fusion protein was encapsulated within PLGA (poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles together with CpG and MPLA. Each dose contained 8 ?g AER, 2.5 ?g CpG, and 1 ?g MPLA, incorporated into approximately 400 ?g PLGA nanoparticles prior to subcutaneous administration (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were immunized subcutaneously three times at two-week intervals with AER encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles containing CpG and MPLA (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Immune Response: Vaccination induced strong Th1-type immunity characterized by increased IFN-?, TNF-?, and IL-2 production, enhanced multifunctional T-cell responses, and improved memory T-cell formation (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Challenge Protocol: Four weeks after the final immunization, mice were intranasally challenged with 10? CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and bacterial burden was assessed six weeks post-infection (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Description: This vaccine consists of the recombinant AER fusion protein (Ag85B–ESAT-6–Rv2034) encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles and formulated with CpG and MPLA, inducing strong Th1-biased cellular immunity and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a mouse model (Szachniewicz et al., 2024).
• Information about this animal model: Mouse Model for TB research