A study shows that vaccination of mice with HP-NAP (H. pylori NAP) induces protection against H. pylori challenge, and that the majority of infected patients produce antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting an important role of this factor in immunity (Satin et al., 2000). In this study, a multivalent epitope-based vaccine named CWAE against H. pylori urease, neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA) was constructed based on mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), Th1-type adjuvant NAP, multiple copies of selected B and Th cell epitopes and also the epitope-rich regions of urease B subunit The protection of CWAE was associated with higher levels of mixed CD4+ T cell (Th cell) response, IgG, and secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies to H. pylori (Guo et al., 2017).
