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Vaccine Detail
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ImMucin (MUC1-SP) Vaccine |
| Vaccine Information |
- Vaccine Name: ImMucin (MUC1-SP) Vaccine
- Target Pathogen: Cancer
- Target Disease: Cancer
- Type: Peptide vaccine
- Status: Clinical trial
- Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
- Antigen: MUC1 (Carmon et al., 2015)
- Immunization Route: Intradermal injection (i.d.)
- Description: A 21-mer synthetic long peptide vaccine (also known as VXL-100 or MUC1-SP-L) containing the entire MUC1 signal peptide domain, co-administered with human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF). Unlike conventional MUC1 vaccines targeting the tandem repeat array (TRA) domain, ImMucin targets the signal peptide (SP) domain, which is free of soluble MUC1-related epitopes and features TAP-independent antigen presentation. The vaccine is formulated as a naked long peptide without traditional adjuvants or carrier systems; hGM-CSF is co-administered to enhance antigen presentation. In a Phase I/II trial of 15 MUC1-positive multiple myeloma patients with residual or progressive disease following autologous stem cell transplantation, vaccination induced mean 43.4-fold increase in MUC1-SP-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells, 3.5-fold increase in CD4+ T-cells, 94-fold increase in PBMC proliferation, and 68.6-fold increase in anti-ImMucin IgG antibodies in 10/15 patients (P<0.01), with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity achieving up to 32% specific lysis. Significant decrease in soluble MUC1 levels was observed in 9/10 patients (P<0.002). Stable disease or improvement persisting for 17.5-41.3 months was achieved in 11/15 patients; median progression-free survival was 17.5±3.9 months. Disease progression appeared associated with high PDL1 (CD274) bone marrow expression (PDL1+++ in all 3 progressive disease cases). Vaccination was well tolerated with only grade 1-2 adverse events. MUC1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein overexpressed in an aberrant or deglycosylated form in various cancers including multiple myeloma, breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers (Carmon et al., 2015).
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| Host Response |
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| References |
Carmon et al., 2015: Carmon L, Avivi I, Kovjazin R, Zuckerman T, Dray L, Gatt ME, Or R, Shapira MY. Phase I/II study exploring ImMucin, a pan-major histocompatibility complex, anti-MUC1 signal peptide vaccine, in multiple myeloma patients. British journal of haematology. 2015; 169(1); 44-56. [PubMed: 25496030].
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