• Vaccine Name: Bovine Papillomavirus Vaccine LS-NDV
• Target Pathogen: Bovine papillomavirus
• Target Disease: Warts
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: None
• Antigen: LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus (Avki et al., 2004)
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection
• Description: Newcastle disease virus LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-α activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis. (Avki et al., 2004)

Cattle Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Fourteen cows were inoculated with an attenuated vaccine containing LS-NDV for two times at 1 week intervals with a total dose of ~10^9.3 egg infective dose50 (EID50) in sterile PBS. Inoculation was performed by s.c. injection in the area where the papillomas were mostly appeared. Four cows inoculated with similar volumes of sterile PBS by the same route and served as controls. (Avki et al., 2004)
• Immune Response: Mean HI titers in inoculated cows on days 7 and 21 were determined as log2 2.43 +/- 0.92 and log2 5.57 +/- 0.72, respectively. Difference between mean antibody levels among the inoculated animals at days 7 and 21 were significantly higher than day 0 (P < 0.05). More significant between day 0 and 21 (P < .001). On day 21 the difference in HI titers between control and inoculated groups was significant (P < 0.05). The mean levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were 5.80 +/- 4.19 and 5.39 +/- 2.66 ng/ml by WEHI-164 cytotoxicity assay. A correlation was evident between the TNF-a activities and clinical scores on day 21 (r = 0.500; P < 0:05). (Avki et al., 2004)
• Side Effects: These results demonstrated that inoculation of LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-a activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis. (Avki et al., 2004)
• Efficacy: At day 60, complete recovery was seen in five cows (36%). The papillomas in eight cows regressed (57%). (Avki et al., 2004)