• Vaccine Name: PvCS/Montanide ISA-51
• Target Pathogen: Plasmodium spp.
• Target Disease: Malaria
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Clinical trial
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
• Antigen: PvCS: circumsporozoite protein of P. vivax. N+C: Two long synthetic peptides (LSP): the N-terminal (N) and C-terminal (C) regions; N+C+R: Three LSP: N-terminal, C-terminal, and the central repeats (R) regions. (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)
• CS from P. vivax gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: N: N-term aa 20–96, C: C-term aa 301–372. R: VK210 (type I): first central repeat (aa 96–104) in tandem three times, collinearly linked to a universal T-cell epitope (ptt-30) derived from tetanus toxin. (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • Adjuvant name:
  • VO adjuvant ID: VO_0001270
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

Human Response

• Host Strain: malaria-naïve or semi-immune adults
• Host age: 19-44 years (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)
• Vaccination Protocol: Randomized, double-blind, controlled Phase II trial.
  Participants were divided into malaria naïve and semi-immune groups, each of which included experimental and control groups, and received vaccination or placebo at months 0, 2, and 6. Experimental group received PvCS N+C formulated in Montanide ISA-51 as the first dose, and PvCS N+C formulated in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant as the second and third dose, while control group received three doses of Montanide ISA-51. (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)
• Side Effects: Local: local pain, headache and malaise, mild or moderate cases, all resolved the next day after vaccination.
  Systematic: low frequency of fever, nausea, chills, diarrhea, and abdominal pain (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)
• Challenge Protocol: sporozoite CHMI at month 9 (Arévalo-Herrera et al., 2022)