• Vaccine Name: live attenuated Brucella abortus Cu-Zn SOD recombinant vector vaccine
• Target Pathogen: Brucella spp.
• Target Disease: Brucellosis
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0009093
• Type: Live attenuated vaccine + Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Cattle
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mus musculus (Balb/C mice); J774.A1 cells; Mus musculus; BALB/c mice
• Antigen: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase | Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD)
• Preparation: Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the 28 kDa protein composed of B. abortus Cu/Zn-SOD and a portion of vaccinia virus TK gene. (Toth et al, 1995)
  Live Escherichia coli expressing Brucella Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) fusion protein. (Oñate et al, 1999)
  Live Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Brucella abortus Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene. (Andrews et al, 2006)
  Recombinant Semliki Forest virus particles carrying recombinant RNA encoding SOD (SFV-SOD) administered by intraperitoneal injection. (Sáez et al, 2008)
• Description: Genes encoding B. abortus Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase were cloned into shuttle plasmids and transfected into vaccinia virus to develop recombinant vUBSOD. Efficacy: vUBSOD did not induce a humoral immune response against B. abortus proteins. Immune response: Mice inoculated with vUBSOD responded with antibodies to vaccinia virus but not to B. abortus Cu/Zn-SOD protein. (Toth et al, 1995)
  Vaccination of mice with live Escherichia coli expressing Brucella Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase induced protection against virulent Brucella abortus challenge. Efficacy: Induced a significant level of protection against virulent Brucella abortus challenge, though less than that of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine. Immune response: Induced antibodies to Cu/Zn SOD and a strong proliferative response of splenocytes stimulated with thioredoxin-Cu/Zn SOD fusion protein. (Oñate et al, 1999)
  Immunization with Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Brucella abortus Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase induces a protective immune response in mice. Efficacy: Induction of protective immune response previously reported; current study shows induction of specific cytotoxic T cells. Immune response: Vaccine induced specific cytotoxic T cells mainly from CD8+ subpopulation and IFN-gamma-producing cells mainly from CD4+ subpopulation. (Andrews et al, 2006)
  This study evaluated the immunogenicity of a recombinant Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vector vaccine encoding Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cattle. Efficacy: Did not induce SOD IgG1 or IgG2 antibodies but induced specific T-cell activation. Immune response: Induced specific T-cell activation; non-significant secretion of gamma interferon; no induction of IL-4 or TNF-alpha. (Sáez et al, 2008)
  The study identifies Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a key virulence factor in Brucella abortus, contributing to bacterial survival by detoxifying host-generated superoxide radicals. The research provides structural and functional insights into BaSOD, including its monomeric structure and immunogenic peptide epitopes, suggesting potential targets for vaccine development. Efficacy: Not directly reported for Brucella abortus; protective effect demonstrated for antibody against Neisseria meningitidis SOD in mice, implying potential for BaSOD-targeted vaccines. Immune response: The study highlights exposed epitopes on BaSOD that could extend immunogenic peptide design; passive immunization against related SOD in Neisseria meningitidis showed protection, suggesting immune targeting of SOD is a viable strategy. (Pratt et al, 2015)

Cattle Response

• Immune Response: Induced specific T-cell activation; non-significant secretion of gamma interferon; no induction of IL-4 or TNF-alpha. (Sáez et al, 2008)
• Efficacy: Did not induce SOD IgG1 or IgG2 antibodies but induced specific T-cell activation. (Sáez et al, 2008)
• Description: Immunogenicity assessment in cattle including measurement of humoral and cellular immune responses. (Sáez et al, 2008)

Mouse Response

• Immune Response: The study highlights exposed epitopes on BaSOD that could extend immunogenic peptide design; passive immunization against related SOD in Neisseria meningitidis showed protection, suggesting immune targeting of SOD is a viable strategy. (Pratt et al, 2015)
• Efficacy: Not directly reported for Brucella abortus; protective effect demonstrated for antibody against Neisseria meningitidis SOD in mice, implying potential for BaSOD-targeted vaccines. (Pratt et al, 2015)
• Description: Passive immunization with antibody directed at Neisseria meningitidis SOD was protective in a mouse infection model; structural and biochemical analyses were performed on BaSOD to inform immunogen design. (Pratt et al, 2015)

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: Balb/C
• Host cell type: J774
• Immune Response: Mice inoculated with vUBSOD responded with antibodies to vaccinia virus but not to B. abortus Cu/Zn-SOD protein. (Toth et al, 1995)
• Efficacy: vUBSOD did not induce a humoral immune response against B. abortus proteins. (Toth et al, 1995)
• Description: Intraperitoneal inoculation of Balb/C mice with 10^7 TCID50 of recombinant vaccinia virus vUBSOD; sera analyzed 5 weeks later for antibodies. (Toth et al, 1995)

Mouse Response

• Immune Response: Induced antibodies to Cu/Zn SOD and a strong proliferative response of splenocytes stimulated with thioredoxin-Cu/Zn SOD fusion protein. (Oñate et al, 1999)
• Challenge Protocol: Mouse vaccination followed by challenge with virulent Brucella abortus; in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay with thioredoxin-Cu/Zn SOD fusion protein stimulation. (Oñate et al, 1999)
• Efficacy: Induced a significant level of protection against virulent Brucella abortus challenge, though less than that of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine. (Oñate et al, 1999)
• Description: Mouse vaccination followed by challenge with virulent Brucella abortus; in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay with thioredoxin-Cu/Zn SOD fusion protein stimulation. (Oñate et al, 1999)