Eimeria tenella is a species of Eimeria that causes hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry. Monoxeous life cycle with definitive (only) host as chickens. Extremely host-specific. Acquired via fecal contamination of food and water (oral fecal route). Goes thru endogenous merogony in crypts of lieberkuhr (intestinal ceca of chicken) and gametogony in epithelial cells of small intestines. Fusion of microgamete and macrogamete forms unsporulated zygote which is released with feces of chicken. Zygote sporulates after 1-5 days and becomes infective. Diagnosis is based on finding oocysts in feces. No effective treatment but can reduce rate of infection via prophylates, anti-coccidial drugs and vaccination of baby chicks (Wiki: Eimeria tenella).
Protective immunity against Eimeria infections strongly depends on the cellular immune responses involving T cells, natural killer cells (NK) and macrophages (Wang et al., 2009).
Protein Note: Profilin binds actin monomers, membrane polyphosphoinositides such as PI(4,5)P2, and poly-L-proline. Profilin can inhibit actin polymerization into F-actin by binding to monomeric actin (G-actin) and terminal F-actin subunits, but - as a regulator of the...; cl00123
Molecule Role Annotation: The Eimeria tenella antigen gene (3-1E) and chicken interferon gamma gene (ChIFN-gamma) were subcloned into the mammalian expression vector proVAX forming the plasmids proE and prol. After challenge the proIE-vaccinated chickens showed protective immunity as demonstrated by significantly reduced oocyst shedding (Xu et al., 2006).
>pdb|2LBO|A Chain A, Microneme protein 3
APTLQEALDRKCAQFGKESCNSGLASYCGAAIYARYDKGNSSQQTKEWRCYIEKELDFSKSGDGCVDDCG
SMTSCRGSVSGPSTSHLTRPSELQAVIDSDKSNYCTDKSEQQPSQATPPPEIP
Molecule Role Annotation: A cDNA clone derived from sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and encoding the expression product GX3262 was identified using a monoclonal antibody raised against Eimeria acervulina sporozoites. After challenge with an experimental E. tenella infection, the greatest degree of protection in immunized broiler chickens was seen after only a single immunization of 2-day-old birds with a live recombinant E. coli preparation (Miller et al., 1989).
Molecule Role Annotation: Birds vaccinated with Eimeria tenella microneme recombinant gene (EtMIC2) and encoded protein developed protective immunity against infection by E. tenella as assessed by significantly increased body weight gain and decreased fecal oocyst shedding compared with non-vaccinated controls. Vaccination with the EtMIC2 gene also led to protective immunity against infection by E. acervulina, but not E. maxima (Ding et al., 2005).
>ABC50099.1 rhomboid-like protein [Eimeria tenella]
MSDIESQRVLGAGIPRTGRLIDVAFPNISLDKSIVVITLAQIAVYIMSCAMSSAFEPTERVLYQLGATYG
PGIRHLQAWRLIMPVFLHVGIVHLLFNVLFILHMGLDKEIKYGRTNFLILYFSSALIGNMFTVLMRPCSL
AVGASTAGFGLVGSILAEILIVWHKLDERTRNMYTLDMTVFGALMILLSYGQTVDIWGHLGGFVCGFAVT
CEFNKNIRDLPHWFDLAKNGTRTICFGVVALTLARVFLGLPLPMGCA
Molecule Role: Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation: Two recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) strains carrying the Eimeria tenella rhomboid gene (Rho) delivered by extrachromosomal vector pMV261 and integrative vector pMV361 were evaluated for their ability to protect chickens against E. tenella challenge. Chickens were immunized intranasal with BCG, rBCG pMV261-Rho, or rBCG pMV361-Rho twice at a 2-week interval. All the recombinant BCG immunized chickens developed specific immune responses, and there was a significant increases of the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells compared to the control (P<0.05). Challenge experiments demonstrated that the two rBCG strains could provide significant protection against E. tenella challenge (Wang et al., 2009).
Molecule Role Annotation: The immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella, including route, dose, time of immunization and age of primary immunization of chicken, was optimized. results illustrated that 25 microg was the optimal dose and intramuscular injection was the most effective route to induce protective immunity in Chinese Yellow chickens (Song et al., 2009).
1. Ding et al., 2005: Ding X, Lillehoj HS, Dalloul RA, Min W, Sato T, Yasuda A, Lillehoj EP. In ovo vaccination with the Eimeria tenella EtMIC2 gene induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. Vaccine. 2005; 23(28); 3733-3740. [PubMed: 15882535].
2. Lai et al., 2011: Lai L, Bumstead J, Liu Y, Garnett J, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Blake DP, Palma AS, Chai W, Ferguson DJ, Simpson P, Feizi T, Tomley FM, Matthews S. The role of sialyl glycan recognition in host tissue tropism of the avian parasite Eimeria tenella. PLoS pathogens. 2011; 7(10); e1002296. [PubMed: 22022267].
3. Miller et al., 1989: Miller GA, Bhogal BS, McCandliss R, Strausberg RL, Jessee EJ, Anderson AC, Fuchs CK, Nagle J, Likel MH, Strasser JM. Characterization and vaccine potential of a novel recombinant coccidial antigen. Infection and immunity. 1989; 57(7); 2014-2020. [PubMed: 2659532].
4. Song et al., 2009: Song X, Xu L, Yan R, Huang X, Shah MA, Li X. The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina. Veterinary parasitology. 2009; 159(1); 30-36. [PubMed: 19019543].
5. Wang et al., 2009: Wang Q, Li J, Zhang X, Liu Q, Liu C, Ma G, Cao L, Gong P, Cai Y, Zhang G. Protective immunity of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing rhomboid gene against Eimeria tenella challenge. Veterinary parasitology. 2009; 160(3-4); 198-203. [PubMed: 19117681].
7. Williams, 2002: Williams RB. Fifty years of anticoccidial vaccines for poultry (1952-2002). Avian diseases. 2002; 46(4); 775-802. [PubMed: 12495038].
8. Xu et al., 2006: Xu SZ, Chen T, Wang M. Protective immunity enhanced by chimeric DNA prime-protein booster strategy against Eimeria tenella challenge. Avian diseases. 2006; 50(4); 579-585. [PubMed: 17274297].
