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Pathogen Page
Brucella spp.

Table of Contents

  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Disease
    3. Introduction
    4. Microbial Pathogenesis
    5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
    6. Host Protective Immunity
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. AsnC
    2. asp24
    3. B. abortus strain 19 L7/L12
    4. B. melitensis M5 P39
    5. BAB1_0278
    6. BCSP31
    7. bcsp31 from Brucella
    8. Bfr from B. abortus S19
    9. Bfr from B. melitensis biovar Abortus 2308
    10. bp26
    11. Bp26
    12. cobB
    13. cp24 from Brucella melitensis
    14. DnaK
    15. exsA
    16. Gap
    17. groEL from Brucella abortus
    18. IalB
    19. L7/L12
    20. manA
    21. manB
    22. mucR
    23. omp16
    24. Omp16
    25. Omp19
    26. Omp25
    27. omp31
    28. omp31
    29. Omp31
    30. ORF
    31. P39 from Brucella abortus
    32. PALFn
    33. pgk
    34. pgm
    35. purE
    36. purK
    37. RL3382
    38. RplL
    39. RpsL
    40. sadfasfd
    41. SodC from B. abortus strain 2308
    42. SurA
    43. surA test
    44. Tig
    45. virB2
    46. vjbR
    47. VjbR
    48. znuA
  3. Vaccine Related Host Genes
    1. ANXI
    2. BAK1
    3. Ccl2
    4. Ccl3
    5. Cxcl10
    6. Cxcl9
    7. Ifng (Interferon gamma)
    8. IgG
    9. Ighg1
    10. Ighv1-9
    11. Il10 (interleukin 10)
    12. Il12b
    13. Il18
    14. Il2
    15. Il4 (interleukin 4)
    16. Il5
    17. SIGLEC10
    18. TLR10
  4. Vaccine Information
    1. B. abortus and B. melitensis mutants with unmarked deletion of asp24, virB2, or manBA
    2. B. abortus DNA vaccine encoding RplL and Omp16
    3. B. abortus DNA vaccine expressing BCSP31, SOD and L7/L12
    4. B. abortus DNA vaccine pcDNA-SOD
    5. B. abortus DNA vaccine pcDNA3-SOD encoding Cu-Zn SOD
    6. B. abortus DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-p39-L7/L12 encoding p39-L7/L12 fusion protein
    7. B. abortus DNA vaccine pVF278
    8. B. abortus P39 deletion vaccine
    9. B. abortus pcDNA-BLS
    10. B. abortus strain 19
    11. B. abortus strain 45/20
    12. B. abortus subunit vaccine using L7/L12
    13. B. abortus vaccine strain RB51
    14. B. melitensis 16M DNA vaccine expressing Omp31
    15. B. melitensis bp26 and TF Nasal Vaccine
    16. B. melitensis DNA vaccine encoding Omp31 boosted with Omp31
    17. B. melitensis DNA vaccine p-ialB
    18. B. melitensis DNA vaccine p-Omp25
    19. B. melitensis DNA vaccine pCI-Omp31
    20. B. melitensis DNA vaccine pCIBLSOmp31 encoding BLSOmp31 (fusion protein)
    21. B. melitensis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccine
    22. B. melitensis LPS-GBOMP
    23. B. melitensis P39 deletion vaccine
    24. B. melitensis P39 protein vaccine
    25. B. melitensis strain VTRM1
    26. B. melitensis vaccine strain Rev. 1
    27. B. melitensis with deleted bp26 (CGV26)
    28. B. melitensis WR201 (16MΔpurEK)
    29. B. suis strain 2
    30. B. suis strain VTRS1
    31. Brucella abortus bacA mutant
    32. Brucella abortus exsA mutant vaccine
    33. Brucella abortus pgk mutant vaccine
    34. Brucella abortus pgm mutant vaccine
    35. Brucella abortus S19 vjbR mutant vaccine
    36. Brucella Abortus Strain 19, Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1251.01)
    37. Brucella Abortus Strain 19, Live Culture, Reduced Dose Vaccine (USDA: 1251.02)
    38. Brucella Abortus Strain RB-51, Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 1261.00)
    39. Brucella DNA vaccine encoding chimera BLSOmp31
    40. Brucella melitensis bp26 mutant vaccine
    41. Brucella melitensis mucR mutant vaccine
    42. Brucella melitensis omp25 mutant vaccine
    43. Brucella melitensis omp31 mutant vaccine
    44. Brucella ovis Microparticle Subunit Vaccine
    45. Brucella recombinant SurA protein vaccine
    46. CGV2631
    47. Divalent DNA B. abortus Vaccine pcDNA3.1-L7/L12-Omp16
    48. E. coli Escheriosome-mediated Cytosolic Delivery of recombinant Brucella rL7/L12 Protein
    49. Live attenuated B. abortus with deletion of znuA
    50. Live, Attenuated Rifampin-Resistant Rough Mutants of Brucella melitensis
    51. Microencapsulated B. melitensis vjbR mutant vaccine
    52. NPAP Brucella vaccine
    53. Porin and S-LPS Extracted from Virulent Brucella abortus 2308
    54. Recombinant B. abortus AsnC protein with CFA/IFA adjuvant
    55. Recombinant B. abortus CobB protein with CFA/IFA adjuvant
    56. Recombinant B. abortus RB51SOD
    57. Recombinant B. abortus RB51WboA
    58. Recombinant Brucella DnaK protein vaccine
    59. Recombinant chimera vaccine BLSOmp31
    60. Recombinant O. anthropi 49237SOD
  5. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
234
2. Disease:
Brucellosis
3. Introduction
Brucella species are gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis (or called Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's disease, Mediterranean fever ) in humans and a variety of animals (Corbel, 1997). B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, and B. canis are pathogenic to humans. The first three species have been identified as priority agents amenable for use in biological warfare and bio-terrorism, and are listed as NIAID and CDC category B priority pathogens. To date, there is no safe, effective Brucella vaccine available for human use. The vaccine strains used in animals are considered to be too virulent and unsafe for humans (Schurig et al., 1991). Novel vaccines that are non-infectious to humans but effective in stimulating a broad protective immune response are needed.
4. Microbial Pathogenesis
The mechanism of Brucella pathogenesis and infection of natural animal hosts is not completely understood (Corbel, 1997). It is well accepted that its pathogenesis relies on its ability to live and replicate inside the vacuolar phagocytic compartment of macrophages (Kohler et al., 2002). The host macrophage-Brucella interaction is critical for establishment of chronic Brucella infections. The Type IV secretion system encoded by the virB operon and the two-component regulatory system encoded by the bvrRS operon are required for successful replication of Brucella in macrophages. Smooth Brucella strains with intact lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-side chains are virulent and invade macrophages through lipid rafts. On entry into the macrophage, Brucella reside in an acidified compartment that fuses with components of the early endosomal pathway. The majority of Brucella die at the early infection stage. A subpopulation of virulent Brucella strains is trafficked to an intracellular compartment known as the replicative phagosome (brucellosome) through continual interactions between the Brucella-containing vacuoles and the endoplasmic reticulum of the host macrophages. Once inside the replicative phagosome, Brucella are resistant to further attack and rapidly propagate. Virulent Brucella also inhibit macrophage apoptosis that in turn favors pathogen survival and replication. Brucella also infects placental trophoblast cells where acute infection leads to abortion and disease transmission (Roop et al., 2004).
5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Brucella has a broad host range infecting vertebrate animal species and humans. Brucella infections are most often identified in humans, cattle, swine, goats, sheep, deer, caribou, elk, dogs and coyotes. There are six Brucella species based on the preferential host specificity: B. melitensis (goats), B. abortus (cattle), B. suis (swine), B. canis (dogs), B. ovis (sheep) and B. neotomae (desert mice). The first four species are pathogenic and exhibit a decreasing order of severity in humans. Therefore, brucellosis is a zoonotic disease (Corbel, 1997). Mouse models are often used in Brucella vaccine research. BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice differ in their abilities to induce immune responses and protection against virulent Brucella infections (Fernandes et al., 1996; Li, 1991; Montaraz et al., 1986).
6. Host Protective Immunity
Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses can influence the course of a Brucella infection, cell-mediated immune responses are essential for clearance of intracellular Brucella (Schurig et al., 2002).
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