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Pathogen Page
Influenza virus

Table of Contents

  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Disease
    3. Introduction
    4. Microbial Pathogenesis
    5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
    6. Host Protective Immunity
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. HA
    2. HA
    3. HA
    4. HA
    5. HA
    6. HA
    7. HA
    8. HA
    9. HA
    10. HA
    11. HA
    12. HA
    13. HA
    14. HA
    15. HA
    16. HA
    17. HA
    18. HA
    19. HA
    20. HA
    21. ha
    22. HA
    23. HA
    24. HA
    25. HA
    26. HA
    27. HA from A/equine/Sao Paulo/1/76(H7N7)
    28. HA from Influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/1968(H3N2)), (X31)
    29. HA from Influenza A virus (A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96(H5N1))
    30. HA from Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/1/68(H3N2))
    31. HA from Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004(H5N1))
    32. HA from Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1))
    33. HA from Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))
    34. M1
    35. M1
    36. M1 from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)
    37. M2 from Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1))
    38. NA
    39. NA
    40. NA
    41. NA
    42. NA from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)
    43. NP
    44. NP
    45. NP
    46. NP
    47. NP
    48. NP
    49. NP from A/Hong Kong/2/68(H3N2)
    50. NP from Influenza A virus (A/nt/60/1968(H3N2))
    51. NP from Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1))
    52. NP from Influenza B virus
    53. NS1 from Influenza virus
  3. Vaccine Related Host Genes
    1. ABCB1
    2. ACADM
    3. ACER3
    4. ADA
    5. AHCYL1
    6. AKR1C3
    7. ALCAM
    8. ALDH1A1
    9. ANPEP
    10. ANXA2
    11. APOBEC3B
    12. APOBEC3F
    13. APOBEC3G
    14. ARF1
    15. ARFIP1
    16. ARMC10
    17. ASH1L
    18. ATF6B
    19. ATP6V1B2
    20. ATP6V1C1
    21. BACH2
    22. BAX
    23. BCL2L1
    24. C14orf119
    25. C15orf29
    26. C19orf10
    27. C1QBP
    28. C3AR1
    29. C3orf1
    30. C5AR1
    31. CACNA2D3
    32. CALHM2
    33. CASP1
    34. CAV1
    35. CBFA2T2
    36. CBR4
    37. CCDC56
    38. CCDC88A
    39. CCL3
    40. CCL4
    41. CCND3
    42. CCR1
    43. CCR2
    44. CD14
    45. CD163
    46. CD1D
    47. CD2
    48. CD244
    49. CD27
    50. CD28
    51. CD33
    52. CD36
    53. CD38
    54. CD38
    55. CD4
    56. CD55
    57. CD86
    58. CDC14A
    59. CDKN1C
    60. CHST15
    61. CIITA
    62. CLEC12A
    63. CNDP2
    64. COPB2
    65. COPB2
    66. CREBZF
    67. CRK
    68. CRLS1
    69. CRYZL1
    70. CSF1R from humans
    71. CSF2RA
    72. CSF3
    73. CTBP2
    74. CTSC
    75. CX3CR1
    76. CXCL1
    77. CXCR3
    78. CYAT1
    79. CYBB
    80. CYFIP1
    81. CYLD
    82. DAPK1
    83. DCAF7
    84. DDX19A
    85. DDX21
    86. DDX41
    87. DDX58 from humans
    88. DDX60
    89. DENND2D
    90. DNAJC10
    91. DNAJC24
    92. DPYD
    93. DPYSL2
    94. DYNC1I2
    95. E2F2
    96. EAF2
    97. ECHDC1
    98. EDEM3
    99. EEA1
    100. EIF2S1
    101. ELAVL1
    102. ELP3
    103. EOMES
    104. ERCC1
    105. ERLEC1
    106. ETNK1
    107. ETS2
    108. EVL
    109. EXOSC3
    110. FAM198B
    111. FAM26F
    112. FCER1G
    113. FCGR1B
    114. FGD2
    115. FGD4
    116. FGL2
    117. FKBP11
    118. FKBP15
    119. FKBP5
    120. FLT3
    121. FOS
    122. FYN
    123. G3BP1
    124. GAPT
    125. GAPT
    126. GGH
    127. GGPS1
    128. GIMAP1
    129. GIMAP4
    130. GIMAP6
    131. GIMAP8
    132. GOPC
    133. GPBAR1
    134. GPR171
    135. GTF2H1
    136. GUSBP3
    137. HCK
    138. HECA
    139. HERC4
    140. HIST1H1D
    141. HIST1H2BG
    142. HNMT
    143. HNRNPU
    144. HSD17B4
    145. HSP90B1
    146. HSPA1A
    147. HSPD1
    148. Human CAMK4 (CaMKIV)
    149. human STAT1
    150. HYOU1
    151. ICAM1
    152. ICAM2
    153. IDH1
    154. IFI16
    155. IFI30
    156. IFI35
    157. IFI35
    158. Ifi47
    159. IFNAR1
    160. IFNG from Macaca nemestrina
    161. IFNGR1
    162. IFNGR2
    163. IFRD1
    164. IgA
    165. IgG
    166. IgGa
    167. IgGb
    168. IGH@
    169. IGHA1
    170. IGHD
    171. Ighg1
    172. IGHG1
    173. IGHM
    174. Ighv1-9
    175. IGJ
    176. IGKC
    177. IGKV3-20
    178. IGL@
    179. IGLL1
    180. IGLV1-44
    181. IGLV2-23
    182. IGLV3-19
    183. IKBKB
    184. IKZF1
    185. IL10RB
    186. IL13RA1
    187. IL18R1
    188. IL1B
    189. IL2
    190. IL21R
    191. IL4R
    192. IL6
    193. IL6R
    194. IL6ST
    195. IL7R
    196. IL8
    197. IRAK1
    198. IRAK3
    199. IRF2
    200. IRF5
    201. IRF7
    202. ISG20
    203. ITGA4
    204. ITM2C
    205. IVNS1ABP
    206. JAK2
    207. JUN
    208. KCNE3
    209. KCTD12
    210. KDELR2
    211. KIAA0907
    212. KLF6
    213. KLHL14
    214. KLHL6
    215. KLRD1
    216. KLRD1
    217. KLRG1
    218. KRAS
    219. KRCC1
    220. KRIT1
    221. LAIR1
    222. LFNG
    223. LGALS9
    224. LILRB1
    225. LOC100130100
    226. LOC100131541
    227. LOC100131993
    228. LOC100170939
    229. LOC100287723
    230. LOC100288387
    231. LOC100288939
    232. LOC144571
    233. LOC150166
    234. LOC284837
    235. LOC91316
    236. LOC96610
    237. LPXN
    238. LRRC8D
    239. LYN
    240. LYST
    241. M6PR
    242. MAN1A1
    243. MANF
    244. MAP2K3
    245. MAP3K14
    246. MAP3K5
    247. MAP3K7
    248. MAP4K4
    249. MAPK1
    250. MAPK14
    251. MAPKAPK2
    252. MARCH1
    253. MAVS
    254. MEF2C
    255. MEGF9
    256. MESDC2
    257. METTL3
    258. METTL7A
    259. MFSD8
    260. MGAT2
    261. MGST1
    262. MITD1
    263. MKKS
    264. MLLT3
    265. MNDA
    266. MOGS
    267. MON2
    268. MOSPD2
    269. MOSPD2
    270. MPEG1
    271. MRPS31
    272. MS4A14
    273. MS4A4A
    274. MS4A4A
    275. MS4A6A
    276. MS4A7
    277. MSR1
    278. MTIF3
    279. MX1
    280. MX2
    281. MYD88
    282. MYOF
    283. NAGA
    284. NAGK
    285. NAIP
    286. NCOR1
    287. NDUFA8
    288. NEK7
    289. NFATC3
    290. NFKBIA
    291. NOD2
    292. NSUN5
    293. NSUN5P1
    294. NSUN5P2
    295. NUMB
    296. NUP210
    297. NUP43
    298. OAS1
    299. OAS2
    300. OAS3
    301. OASL
    302. OSBPL11
    303. OSM
    304. OSTM1
    305. PCMT1
    306. PCMT1
    307. PDIA4 from humans
    308. PDIA6
    309. PECAM1
    310. PHF14
    311. PID1
    312. PIGA
    313. PIK3C3
    314. PIK3CA
    315. PIK3CG
    316. PION
    317. PLSCR1
    318. PLXNB2
    319. PMS1
    320. PMS2P2
    321. POC5
    322. POLK
    323. POLR3E
    324. POU2AF1
    325. POU2F2
    326. PPAPDC1B
    327. PQBP1
    328. PRDX4
    329. PRF1
    330. PRKACA
    331. PRKCA from humans
    332. PSEN1
    333. PTGDR
    334. PTGS2
    335. PTPN6
    336. PYCARD
    337. QKI
    338. RAB10
    339. RAB8A
    340. RALA
    341. RAP2A
    342. RASSF4
    343. REL
    344. RIPK2
    345. RNASE2
    346. RNASE6
    347. RNF170
    348. RNF213
    349. ROCK2
    350. RPN1
    351. RPN2
    352. RPS27
    353. RRM2
    354. RTN1
    355. S100A4
    356. S100PBP
    357. SAMD3
    358. SAMD9L
    359. SAMHD1
    360. SAP30
    361. SEC11C
    362. SEC23B from humans
    363. SEC24D
    364. SEC61A1
    365. SETDB2
    366. SETX
    367. SGK223
    368. SGMS2
    369. SH2D1B
    370. SIRPA
    371. SLAMF6
    372. SLAMF6
    373. SLAMF7
    374. SLAMF7
    375. SLC25A40
    376. SLC35A1
    377. SLC35B3
    378. SLC7A7
    379. SLFN11
    380. SMC3
    381. SNORA28
    382. SNX1
    383. SOCS3
    384. SON
    385. SOS1
    386. SPCS2
    387. SPN
    388. SPTLC2
    389. SRGAP2
    390. SRPR
    391. SSR1
    392. SSR3
    393. ST6GAL1
    394. STAT1
    395. STAT2
    396. STAT4
    397. STAT6
    398. STK17B
    399. STK38
    400. STT3A
    401. STX7
    402. SUV420H1
    403. SUV420H1
    404. SYNRG
    405. TARP
    406. TBC1D8
    407. TCF7L2
    408. TFCP2
    409. TFEC
    410. TFRC
    411. TGFB1
    412. TGFBR2
    413. THYN1
    414. TIA1
    415. TICAM1
    416. TICAM2
    417. TLR5 from humans
    418. TLR6
    419. TLR7
    420. TLR8
    421. TMEM63A
    422. TMEM69
    423. TNF
    424. TNFAIP3
    425. TNFAIP8L2
    426. TNFRSF17
    427. TNFSF10
    428. TNFSF13
    429. TNFSF13B
    430. TPD52
    431. TRAF3IP3
    432. TRAM2
    433. TRGC2
    434. TRIM14
    435. TRIM69
    436. TTC17
    437. TXNDC5
    438. TYMP
    439. TYMS
    440. UBASH3B
    441. UBE2L3
    442. UBN2
    443. USO1
    444. USP14
    445. UTP6
    446. VCAN
    447. VPS35
    448. VPS45
    449. VPS72
    450. XAF1
    451. XBP1
    452. XPO1
    453. ZBP1
    454. ZFAND5
    455. ZKSCAN1
    456. ZMYM6
    457. ZNF112
    458. ZNF146
    459. ZNF207
    460. ZNF207
    461. ZNF224
    462. ZNF573
    463. ZNF638
    464. ZSWIM6
  4. Vaccine Information
    1. 2008–2009 trivalent influenza vaccine
    2. 2011–2012 trivalent inactivated vaccine (A/California/7/09 (H1N1,), A/Perth /16/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008).
    3. A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3n2) - Like Virus vaccine
    4. AcHERV-sH1N1-HA
    5. AdH5-FluA NP
    6. Aflunov
    7. Afluria
    8. Afluria Quadrivalent
    9. Agriflu
    10. ALVAC-AI-H5
    11. ALVAC-AI-H5(H5N1)
    12. ALVAC-EIV (equine influenza virus H3N8)
    13. Antigens Surface Of Virus Influenza, strain A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 H3N2 - Analogue Strain A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013, Nib-88
    14. AREPANRIX H1N1
    15. Avian Influenza H10N9 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H0)
    16. Avian Influenza H2N2 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H2)
    17. Avian Influenza H3N4 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H3)
    18. Avian Influenza H4N6 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H4)
    19. Avian Influenza H5N2 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H5)
    20. Avian Influenza H5N9 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.14)
    21. Avian Influenza H6N8 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H6)
    22. Avian Influenza H7N2 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10F5.12)
    23. Avian Influenza H7N3 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H7)
    24. Avian Influenza H7N3 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10F5.13)
    25. Avian influenza DNA vaccine pCMV-M
    26. Avian Influenza H1N1 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H1)
    27. Avian Influenza H5N2 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10F5.10)
    28. Avian Influenza H5N3 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.R3)
    29. Avian Influenza H9N2 Subtype, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1057.H9)
    30. Avian influenza virus (H5N1) and NDV vaccine by Intervet
    31. Avian influenza virus DNA vaccine pCMV-HA
    32. Avian influenza virus DNA vaccine pH5HA
    33. Avian influenza virus DNA vaccine pN1NA encoding N1 neuraminidase
    34. Avian influenza virus DNA vaccine pNP
    35. Avian Influenza-Fowl Pox H5 Subtype, Live Fowl Pox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1061.R0)
    36. BacHA derived from Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC669/2006(H5N1))
    37. BPZE1- FHA (H1N1/PR8 influenza A virus)
    38. BV-H5/H7/H9
    39. C-KCE (vBAC-C-KCE)
    40. Canine Influenza H3N8, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15K5.20)
    41. dVV-HA5(H5N1)
    42. Encephalomyelitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13W5.20)
    43. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.22)
    44. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.23)
    45. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.24)
    46. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.32)
    47. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.23)
    48. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.24)
    49. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.32)
    50. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.33)
    51. Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Killed Flavivirus Chimera Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4855.R2)
    52. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.10)
    53. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.20)
    54. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.21)
    55. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.24)
    56. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.25)
    57. Equine Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1505.28)
    58. Equine Influenza Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1501.R0)
    59. Equine Influenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1501.10)
    60. Equine Influenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1501.20)
    61. Equine Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1515.24)
    62. Equine Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1515.26)
    63. Equine Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1515.27)
    64. Equine Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1515.2A)
    65. Equine Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1518.20)
    66. Flagellin-based HA globular head fusion vaccine using HA protein from Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1))
    67. Fluad
    68. Fluarix
    69. Fluarix Quadrivalent
    70. Flublok
    71. Flublok Quadrivalent
    72. Flucelvax
    73. Flucelvax Quadrivalent
    74. FluLaval
    75. Flulaval Quadrivalent
    76. FluLaval Tetra
    77. FluMist
    78. FluMist Quadrivalent
    79. Fluviral S/F
    80. Fluvirin
    81. Fluzone
    82. Fluzone High-Dose
    83. Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent
    84. Fluzone Quadrivalent
    85. Fluzone Quadrivalent - Southern Hemisphere Formulation
    86. Focetria
    87. FP-AI-H5(H5N1)
    88. Human Influenza Vaccine
    89. Inactivated H1N1(2009) Vaccine with AF03 adjuvant
    90. Inactivated Influenza A virus (IIAV) with adjuvant 2F52
    91. Inactivated split Mem 71 Virus with SPT adjuvant
    92. Influenza (H5N1 virus) vaccine with adjuvant CaPNP
    93. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine by CSL Limited
    94. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine by Novartis
    95. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine from GlaxoSmithKline
    96. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine from MedImmune LLC
    97. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine from Sanofi Pasteur
    98. Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Monovalent Vaccine, Adjuvanted by GSK
    99. Influenza vaccine with adjuvant 1V270
    100. Influenza vaccine with NP antigen and Adjuplex+GLA adjuvant
    101. Influenza Vaccine with rHA antigen and 1V270 adjuvant
    102. Influenza virus CTA1-3M2e-DD protein vaccine
    103. Influenza virus DNA vaccine A/NP
    104. Influenza virus DNA vaccine BacPAKHA encoding EqfKY HA
    105. Influenza virus DNA vaccine d1TTFC-NP encoding NP
    106. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1))
    107. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/environment/Hong Kong/156/1997(H5N1))
    108. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/equine/Kentucky/1/1981(H3N8))
    109. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/1/68(H3N2))
    110. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004(H5N1))
    111. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA from Influenza B virus (B/Ibaraki/2/85)
    112. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding HA of Equine influenza virus H3N8
    113. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding M1 from Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1))
    114. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding NA from Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1))
    115. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding NA from Influenza B virus (B/Ibaraki/2/85)
    116. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding NP from Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1))
    117. Influenza virus DNA vaccine encoding NP from Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/489/2004(H5N1))
    118. Influenza virus DNA vaccine H5 DNA
    119. Influenza virus DNA vaccine HA DNA
    120. Influenza virus DNA vaccine HA-DNA
    121. Influenza virus DNA vaccine M2-DNA/M2-Ad
    122. Influenza virus DNA vaccine NA-DNA
    123. Influenza virus DNA vaccine NP DNA
    124. Influenza virus DNA vaccine p188 encoding H7
    125. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pBK-SFV-HA
    126. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pBK-SFV-NP
    127. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pCAGGHA
    128. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pCAGGoptiHA
    129. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pCMV/H7
    130. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pCMV/Hl encoding H1
    131. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pCMVH5HA
    132. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pDNA encoding M2 and NP
    133. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pHA/NP147–155 encoding NP147-155
    134. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/HA encoding HA
    135. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/HA/GM-CSF encoding HA
    136. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/HA/IL-12p35 + pIRES/NA/IL-12p40
    137. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/HA/IL-2 expressing HA
    138. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/NA expressing NA
    139. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/NA/GM-CSF encoding NA
    140. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pIRES/NA/IL-2 encoding NA
    141. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pβactinH7HA
    142. Influenza virus DNA vaccine pRSV-NP encoding the coding sequence from influenza virus A/PR/8/34.
    143. Influenza virus HA protein vaccine (Influenza A virus (A/Fukuoka/C29/85(H3N2)))
    144. Influenza virus HA protein vaccine (Influenza A virus (A/Yamagata/120/1986(H1N1)))
    145. Influenza virus NP protein vaccine (Influenza A virus (A/nt/60/1968(H3N2)))
    146. Influenza virus NS1 mutant vaccine
    147. Influenza Virus Surface Antigen, strain A / Victoria / 361/2011 H3N2 - Derived Strain Used Ivr-165
    148. Influenza Virus Vaccine H5N1 by Sanofi Pasteur Inc
    149. Influvac
    150. Intanza
    151. M2 mutant from Influenza A
    152. Mutagrip Vaccine with P40 Adjuvant
    153. MVTT-HA-QH
    154. Pandemrix
    155. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.22)
    156. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.23)
    157. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.24)
    158. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.22)
    159. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.23)
    160. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.24)
    161. PAV3-HA (A/Hanoi/30408/2005 H5N1)
    162. PAV3-HA (H5N1)
    163. pCAGGoptiHA
    164. Poulvac FluFend I AI H5N3 RG
    165. PROTEQ-FLU/Recombitek
    166. PrV-HA (swine-origin H1N1)
    167. RCN-HA (H5N1)
    168. rDEV-re6 (H5)
    169. rDEV-us78HA
    170. RE
    171. Recombinant baculovirus encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
    172. Recombinant vaccinia virus encoding HA from Influenza B virus (Strain B/England/222/82)
    173. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding HA from Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))
    174. rFPV-AI-H5A-IL6
    175. rFPV-H5AI-L2
    176. rHA with IL-1β adjuvant
    177. rHA with IL-2 adjuvant
    178. rHA with IL-7 adjuvant
    179. rHVT-H5
    180. rHVT-H5 (clade 2.2 H5N1 HPAIV)
    181. rMVTT-HA-QH (H5N1)
    182. rNDV-H5
    183. rNDV-H5 ( HPAI H5N1 challenge in mule ducks)
    184. rNDV-H6
    185. rORFV-D1701-V-HAh5n (H5N1)
    186. rPIV5-H3 (influenza virus)
    187. rSPV-HA1 (Swine influenza virus H1N1)
    188. rSPV/H3-2A-H1
    189. RSV-H7
    190. rVEE-HA(H1N1)
    191. Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus-H7 (H7N7)
    192. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine -- "Virus-derived immunostinulatory"
    193. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine -- Advax
    194. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine -- Influenza A Virus
    195. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.12)
    196. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.22)
    197. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.23)
    198. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.24)
    199. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.26)
    200. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.29)
    201. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4993.20)
    202. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4993.21)
    203. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.20)
    204. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.21)
    205. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.23)
    206. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4994.24)
    207. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4995.22)
    208. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4995.23)
    209. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4995.25)
    210. Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin (USDA: 4995.26)
    211. Swine Influenza pH1N1, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19A5.2P)
    212. test
    213. Trovac-AI-H5
    214. Vaxigrip
    215. vFP89-H5
    216. vFP89-HA (H5N1 HPAI virus)
    217. vNDV-H5
    218. VSV*ΔG-H5 (H5N1)
  5. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11309
2. Disease:
Influenza (flu)
3. Introduction
Influenza, commonly known as ("the") flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Three genera of influenza virus exist: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B and Influenzavirus C. Each genus includes only one species or type: Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, and Influenza C virus, respectively. Influenza A and C infect multiple species, and influenza B almost exclusively infects humans. In humans, common symptoms of the disease are chills and fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. Influenza can cause pneumonia, which may be fatal in young children and the elderly. Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, killing millions of people in pandemic years and hundreds of thousands in non-pandemic years (Wiki: Influenza).
4. Microbial Pathogenesis
Seven infection stages by Influenza viruses (Wiki: Influenza):
(1) Influenza viruses bind through hemagglutinin onto sialic acid sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells, typically in the nose, throat and lungs of mammals and intestines of birds;
(2) The cell imports the virus by endocytosis. In the acidic endosome, part of the hemagglutinin protein fuses the viral envelope with the vacuole's membrane, releasing the viral RNA (vRNA) molecules, accessory proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into the cytoplasm.
(3) These proteins and vRNA form a complex. The complex is transported into the cell nucleus, where the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase begins transcribing complementary positive-sense vRNA;
(4) The vRNA is either exported into the cytoplasm and translated or remains in the nucleus.
(5) Synthesized viral proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus onto the cell surface or transported back into the nucleus to bind vRNA and form new viral genome particles.
(6) Virion are assembled.
(7) The mature virus buds off from the cell. After the release of new influenza viruses, the host cell dies .
5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Influenza infects many animal species, and transfer of viral strains between species can occur. Birds are thought to be the main animal reservoirs of influenza viruses. All known subtypes (HxNy) are found in birds, but many subtypes are endemic in humans, dogs, horses, and pigs; populations of camels, ferrets, cats, seals, mink, and whales also show evidence of prior infection or exposure to influenza (Wiki: Influenza).
6. Host Protective Immunity
The mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity are not completely understood but likely include both T-cell immunity, in particular CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+ T cells, as well as antibodies to conserved epitopes (Epstein et al., 2002).
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