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Caprine herpesvirus type 1 (CpHV-1) |
| Table of Contents |
- General Information
- NCBI Taxonomy ID
- Introduction
- Vaccine Information
- BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK
- CpHV-1 Vaccine MF59 Adjuvant
- References
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| I. General Information |
| 1. NCBI Taxonomy ID: |
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39944 |
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2. Introduction |
| Caprine herpesvirus type 1 (CpHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus causing genital disease leading to abortion in adult pregnant goats and a systemic disease with high morbility and mortality in kids. CpHV-1 infection also represents a valuable large animal model for human herpesvirus induced genital disease, exploitable for pathogenic studies, new vaccines and antiviral molecules testing (Donofrio et al., 2013). |
| II. Vaccine Information |
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1. BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK |
| a. Vaccine Ontology ID: |
| VO_0004685 |
| b. Type: |
| Recombinant vector vaccine |
| c. Status: |
| Research |
| d. Host Species for Licensed Use: |
| Baboon |
| e. Preparation |
| The bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) based vector derived from an apathogenic isolate of BoHV-4 was used to express the immunodominant CpHV-1 glycoprotein D (BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK) (Donofrio et al., 2013). |
| f. Immunization Route |
| Intramuscular injection (i.m.) |
| g.
Goat Response |
- Vaccination Protocol:
Goats were vaccinated with BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK (Donofrio et al., 2013).
- Vaccine Immune Response Type:
VO_0003057
- Immune Response:
No clinical signs were evident but a good titer of serum neutralizing antibodies was produced in all inoculated animals (Donofrio et al., 2013).
- Challenge Protocol:
A challenge experiment was performed in a new group of animals using a highly pathogenic dose of CpHV-1 (Donofrio et al., 2013).
- Efficacy:
All the vaccinated goats with BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK were protected toward CpHV-1 induced genital disease respect to the unvaccinated control goat who showed typical vaginal lesions with a high grade of clinical score as well as a long lasting viral shedding (Donofrio et al., 2013).
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2. CpHV-1 Vaccine MF59 Adjuvant |
| a. Type: |
| Inactivated or "killed" vaccine |
| b. Status: |
| Research |
| c. Host Species for Licensed Use: |
| None |
| d. Antigen |
| CpHV-1 (Marinaro et al., 2012) |
| e. Immunization Route |
| subcutaneous injection |
| f. Description |
| inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ as adjuvant was strongly immunogenic and induced effective immunity against vaginal CpHV-1 infection in goats. (Marinaro et al., 2012) |
| g.
Goat Response |
- Vaccination Protocol:
The twenty-eight goats received either 2 ml of inactivated CpHV-1 (10^6.5 TCID50/50 µl) plus 2 ml of sterile saline solution or received 2 ml of inactivated CpHV-1 emulsified with 2 ml of MF59™ or were left unvaccinated (these animals served as naïve controls in challenge studies). After preparation, vaccines were immediately injected subcutaneously in the neck. All goats were vaccinated with two doses of vaccine (one dose on day 0 and one dose on day 10). (Marinaro et al., 2012)
- Immune Response:
Detection and quantitation of latent CpHV-1 DNA in sacral ganglia in challenged goats revealed that the inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ vaccine was able to significantly reduce the latent viral load when compared either to the naïve goats or to the goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant. (Marinaro et al., 2012)
- Side Effects:
No systemic adverse reactions were observed in any goat included in the study. (Marinaro et al., 2012)
- Challenge Protocol:
The vaginal challenge was performed by pipetting four milliliters of virulent CpHV-1 suspension (10^5 TCID50/50 µl) into the vaginal lumen of naïve animals or vaccinated animals (Marinaro et al., 2012).
- Efficacy:
Vaginal disease was not detected in goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ and these animals had undetectable levels of infectious challenge virus in their vaginal washes. Goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant exhibited a less severe disease when compared to naïve goats but shed titers of challenge virus that were similar to those of naïve goats. (Marinaro et al., 2012)
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| III. References |
1. Donofrio et al., 2013: Donofrio G, Franceschi V, Lovero A, Capocefalo A, Camero M, Losurdo M, Cavirani S, Marinaro M, Grandolfo E, Buonavoglia C, Tempesta M. Clinical protection of goats against CpHV-1 induced genital disease with a BoHV-4-based vector expressing CpHV-1 gD. PloS one. 2013; 8(1); e52758. [PubMed: 23300989].
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