VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)

Table of Contents

General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
2. Introduction
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

2. Introduction

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne disease, endemic in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia. Between 15-70% of reported cases are fatal. There is no approved vaccine available (Buttigieg et al., 2014).

II. Vaccine Information

1. CCHF Virus VRP (Virus Replicon Particle) Vaccine

a. Type:

Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

S and L genome segments of IbAr10200 CCHF strain (Spengler et al., 2019)

e. Preparation

The virus replicon particle (VRP) vaccine contains the complete S and L genome segments of the IbAr10200 strain, but lacks the M segment, restricting the VRP to a single round of replication. To optimize cell entry, VRPs are generated and amplified by co-transfecting a plasmid encoding the codon-optimized GPC of the Oman-98 strain. (Spengler et al., 2019)

f. Immunization Route

subcutaneous injection

2. Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus Vaccine CCvax

a. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

Turkey-Kelkit06 Virus

e. Preparation

To produce CCVax antigens, Vero E6 cell monolayers in 175 cm2 flasks (Corning, NY, USA, 431079) were inoculated with 0.01 MOI of Turkey-Kelkit06 CCHFV after the assessment of virus growth in MOI optimization studies. The virus was diluted in 5 ml of DMEM F-12 (w/o serum), and the cells were covered with the virus inoculum. The flasks were left at 37 °C for 60 min and hand-rotated every 15 min during incubation. The inocula were discarded, and the cells were washed twice with PBS; then, the flasks were filled with 20 ml of virus growth medium (2% FBS in DMEM F-12) containing 1% antibiotic (Pen/Strep/Amph) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, A5955). The flasks were left at 37 °C in a constant 5% CO2-supplemented humidified cell-culture chamber until cells showing lysis began to detach from the bottom of the flask. To produce the MBVax, 1 × 104 PPFU of Turkey-Kelkit06 was administered to 3-day-old suckling BALB/c mice intracerebrally through the forehead. The mice were left in their home cages with their mothers. Mice were euthanized when they started to show partial limb paralysis (hind limb paralysis was seen between approx. 4 and 5 days after inoculation). The brains were harvested from the paralytic infected mice, minced into several pieces and equally (w/v) mixed with the virus growth medium. The brain samples were freeze–thawed twice, subjected to bench-top cooled centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 30 min to remove brain debris, and stored at −80 °C in a freezer in aliquots. (Berber et al., 2021)

f. Immunization Route

Other

g. Description

An cell-culture-derived inactivated CCHF vaccine mixed with aluminum adjuvant.

3. rMVA-CCHF

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004665

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Preparation

Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara was used to develop a recombinant candidate vaccine expressing the CCHF virus glycoproteins (Buttigieg et al., 2014).

f. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

g. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Efficacy: This vaccine protected all recipient animals from lethal disease in a challenge model adapted to represent infection via a tick bite (Buttigieg et al., 2014).

III. References

1. Buttigieg et al., 2014: Buttigieg KR, Dowall SD, Findlay-Wilson S, Miloszewska A, Rayner E, Hewson R, Carroll MW. A novel vaccine against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever protects 100% of animals against lethal challenge in a mouse model. PloS one. 2014; 9(3); e91516. [PubMed: 24621656].