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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Table of Contents
  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Introduction
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. ORF (Protective antigen)
    2. VP2 (Protective antigen)
  3. Vaccine Information
    1. IPNV DNA vaccine pEGFP-N1-SegA and pEGFP-N1-VP2
    2. IPNV Inactivated Vaccine GS2019-4
  4. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11002
2. Introduction
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious systemic birnavirus disease of young fish of Salmonid species held under intensive rearing conditions. The disease most characteristically occurs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and several Pacific salmon species (Oncorhynchus spp.).

It mostly occurs under intensive rearing conditions in Salmonids hatcheries or in Post-Smolt Atlantic salmon in sea-cages.

The IPN virus is a birnavirus. The original serotype isolated from rainbow trout fingerlings is called VR-299. Since then, several serotypes have been identified and, in 1995, two serogroups, A and B, were established, each containing serotypes with different geographic origins. The most frequently found and virulent serotype is the Sp serotype.

The lethality of the virus depends on the strain, the species and age of the fish. Predisposing stress-inducing factors, such as first feeding, high stocking density, fluctuations in water temperature, salinity and handling, are believed to favour the onset of clinical disease. Outbreaks can occur all year round, at water temperatures as low as 4 ° C and as high as 18 °C.

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus is a bi-segmented double-stranded RNA virus of the family Birnaviridae. At least nine serotypes exist. Susceptibility decreases with increasing age, with complete resistance to clinical disease in fry/fingerlings being reached at about 1500 degree-days (value obtained by multiplying the age in days by the average temperature during the lifespan) except for Atlantic salmon Smolts, which develop the disease within weeks following transfer from freshwater to seawater (Merck - Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus).
1. ORF
  • Gene Name : ORF
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
  • NCBI Nucleotide GI : 221910
  • NCBI Protein GI : 221911
  • Protein Accession : BAA00608.1
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:281092
  • Taxonomy ID : 11002
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : small ORF
  • Protein pI : 10.04
  • Protein Weight : 17095.06
  • Protein Length : 213
  • Protein Note : 5' end of plus-strand segment A.
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence 
    >gi|221910|dbj|D00701.1|IPNSEGA Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus genes for small ORF, large ORF
GTGTGTTTGACAGAAAGAGAGTTTCAACGTTAGTGGTAACCCACGAGCGGAGAGCTCTTACGGAGGAGCT
CTCCGTCGATGGCGAAAGCCCTTTCTAACAAACAAACAAACAATCTATATTCAATACAAGATGAACACAA
ACAAGGCAACCGCAACTTACTTGAAATCCATTATGCTTCCAGAGACTGGACCAGCAAGCATCCCGGACGA
CATAACGGAGAGACACATCCTAAAACAAGAGACCTCGTCATACAACCTAGAGGTCTCCGAATCAGGAAGT
GGCATTCTTGTTTGTTTCCCTGGGGCACCAGGCTCACGGATCGGTGCACACTACAGATGGAATGCGAACC
AGACGGGGCTGGAGTTCGACCAGTGGCTGGAGACGTCGCAGGACCTGAAGAAAGCCTTCAACTACGGGAG
GCTGATCTCAAGGAAATACGACATCCAAAGCTCCACACTACCGGCCGGTCTCTATGCTCTGAACGGGACG
CTCAACGCTGCCACCTTCGAAGGCAGTCTGTCTGAGGTGGAGAGCCTGACCTACAACAGCCTGATGTCCC
TAACAACGAACCCCCAGGACAAAGTCAACAACCAGCTGGTGACCAAAGGAGTCACAGTCCTGAATCTACC
AACAGGGTTCGACAAACCATACGTCCGCCTAGAGGACGAGACACCCCAGGGTCTCCAGTCAATGAACGGG
GCCAAGATGAGGTGCACAGCTGCAATTGCACCGCGGAGGTACGAGATCGACCTCCCATCCCAACGCCTAC
CCCCCGTTCCTGCGACAGGAACCCTCACCACTCTCTACGAGGGAAACGCCGACATCGTCAACTCCACAAC
AGTGACGGGAGACATAAACTTCAGTCTGGCAGAACAACCCGCGAACGAGACCAAGTTCGACTTCCAGCTG
GACTTCATGGGCCTTGACAACGACGTCCCAGTTGTCACAGTGGTCAGCTCCGTGCTGGCCACAAATGACA
ACTACAGAGGAGTCTCAGCCAAGATGACCCAGTCCATCCCGACCGAGAACATCACAAAGCCGATCACCAG
GGTCAAGCTGTCATACAAGATCAACCAGCAGACAGCAATCGGCAACGTCGCCACCCTGGGCACAATGGGT
CCGACTACCGTCTCCTTCTCATCAGGGAACGGAAATGTCCCCGGCGTGCTCAGACCAATCACACTGGTGG
CCTATGAGAAGATGACACCGCTGTCCATCCTGACCGTAGCTGGAGTGTCCAACTACGAGTCGTACCCAAA
CCCAGAACTCCTCAAGAACATGGTGACACGCTATGGCAAGTACGACCCCGAAGGTCTCAACTATGCCAAG
ATGATCCTGTCCCACAGGGAAGAGCTGGACATCAGGACAGTGTGGAGGACAGAGGAGTACAAGGAGAGGA
CCAGAGTCTTCAACGAAATCACGGACTTCTCCAGTGACCTGCCCACGTCAAAGGCATGGGGCTGGAGAGA
CATAGTCAGAGGAATTCGGAAAGTCGCAGCTCCTGTACTGTCCACGCTGTTTCCAATGGCAGCACCACTC
ATAGGAATGGCAGACCAATTCATTGGAGATCTCACCAAGACCAACGCAGCAGGCGGAAGGTACCACTCCA
TGGCCGCAGGAGGGCGCCACAAAGACGTGCTCGAGTCCTGGGCAAGCGGAGGGCCCGACGGAAAATTCTC
CCGAGCCCTCAAGAACAGGCTGGAGTCCGCCAACTACGAGGAAGTCGAGCTTCCACCCCCCTCAAAAGGA
GTCATCGTCCCTGTGGTGCACACAGTCAAGAGTGCACCAGGCGAGGCATTCGGGTCCCTGGCAATCATAA
TTCCAGGGGAGTACCCCGAGCTTCTAGATGCCAACCAGCAGGTCCTATCCCACTTCGCAAACGACACCGG
GAGCGTGTGGGGCATAGGAGAGGACATACCCTTCGAGGGAGACAACATGTGCTACACTGCACTCCCACTC
AAGGAGATCAAAAGAAACGGGAACATAGTAGTCGAGAAGATCTTTGCTGGACCAATCATGGGTCCCTCTG
CTCAACTAGGACTGTCCCTACTTGTGAACGACATCGAGGACGGAGTTCCAAGGATGGTATTCACCGGCGA
AATCGCCGATGACGAGGAGACAATCATACCAATCTGCGGTGTAGACATCAAAGCCATCGCAGCCCATGAA
CCAGGGCTGCCACTCATCGGCAACCAACCAGGAGTGGACGAGGAGGTGCGAAACACATCCCTGGCCGCAC
ACCTGATCCAGACCGGAACCCTGCCCGTACAACGAGCAAAGGGCTCCAACAAGAGGATCAAGTACCTGGG
AGAGCTGATGGCATCAAATGCATCCGGGATGGACGAGGAACTGCAACGCCTCCTGAACGCCACAATGGCA
CGGGCCAAAGAAGTCCAGGACGCCGAGATCTACAAACTTCTTAAGCTCATGGCATGGACCAGAAAGAACG
ACCTCACCGACCACATGTACGAGTGGTCAAAAGAGGACCCCGATGCACTAAAGTTCGGAAAGCTCATCAG
CACGCCACCAAAGCACCCTGAGAAGCCCAAAGGACCAGACCAACACCACGCCCAAGAGGCGAGAGCCACC
CGCATATCACTGGACGCCGTGAGAGCCGGGGCGGACTTCGCCACACCGGAATGGGTCGCGCTGAACAACT
ACCGCGGCCCATCTCCCGGGCAGTTCAAGTACTACCTGATCACTGGACGAGAACCAGAACCAGGCGACGA
GTACGAGGACTACATAAAACAACCCATTGTGAAACCGACCGACATGAACAAAATCAGACGTCTAGCCAAC
AGTGTGTACGGCCTCCCACACCAGGAACCAGCACCAGAGGAGTTCTACGATGCAGTTGCAGCTGTATTCG
CACAGAACGGAGGCAGAGGTCCCGACCAGGACCAAATGCAAGACCTCAGGGAGCTCGCAAGACAGATGAA
ACGACGACCCCGGAACGCCGATGCACCACGGAGAACCAGAGCGCCAGCGGAACCGGCACCGCCCGGACGC
TCAAGGTTCACCCCCAGCGGAGACAACGCTGAGGTGTAACGACTACTCTCTTTCCTGACTGATCCCCTGG
CCAAAACCCCGGCCCCCCAGGGGG
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence 
    >BAA00608.1 small ORF [Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus]
MAKALSNKQTNNLYSIQDEHKQGNRNLLEIHYASRDWTSKHPGRHNGETHPKTRDLVIQPRGLRIRKWHS
CLFPWGTRLTDRCTLQMECEPDGAGVRPVAGDVAGPEESLQLREADLKEIRHPKLHTTGRSLCSERDAQR
CHLRRQSV
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Related Vaccine(s): IPNV DNA vaccine pEGFP-N1-SegA and pEGFP-N1-VP2
2. VP2
  • Gene Name : VP2
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
  • NCBI Protein GI : 262212663
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:280020
  • Taxonomy ID : 11002
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : VP2
  • Protein pI : 4.34
  • Protein Weight : 27332.37
  • Protein Length : 329
  • Protein Note : genotype: Sp
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence 
    >ACY35990.1 VP2, partial [Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus]
MLPETGPASIPDDITERHILKQETSSYNLEVSESGSGILVCFPGAPGSRIGAHYRWNANQTGLEFDQWLE
TSQDLKKAFNYGRLISRKYDIQSSTLPAGLYALNGTLNAATFEGSLSEVESLTYNSLMSLTTNPQDKVNN
QLVTKGVTVLNLPTGFDKPYVRLEDETPQGLQSMNGAKMRCTAAIAPRRYEIDLPSQRLPPVPATGALTT
LYEGNADIVNSTTVTGDINFSLAEQPAVETKFDFQLDFMGLDNDVPVVTV
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Related Vaccine(s): IPNV DNA vaccine pEGFP-N1-SegA and pEGFP-N1-VP2
III. Vaccine Information
1. IPNV DNA vaccine pEGFP-N1-SegA and pEGFP-N1-VP2
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004493
b. Type:
DNA vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:
Salmon
e. Gene Engineering of ORF
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector pEGFP-N1 expressed the polyprotein gene (Bases131-3046) and the VP2 gene from strain Rauma (Mikalsen et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Gene Engineering of VP2
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description:
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
g. Vector:
pEGFP-N1 (Mikalsen et al., 2004)
h. Immunization Route
Microinjection
i. Fish Response
  • Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
  • Efficacy: A high level of protection was induced (Mikalsen et al., 2004).
2. IPNV Inactivated Vaccine GS2019-4
a. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
b. Status:
Research
c. Host Species for Licensed Use:
None
d. Antigen
Genogroup I IPNV (Duan et al., 2022)
e. Preparation
Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) were cultured in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM, Gibco, Cat No: C11095500BT) including 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Cat No: 10099141) at 18 °C, and was used to amplify IPNV at 15 °C in vitro in this study. (Duan et al., 2022)
f. Immunization Route
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
g. Description
IPNV isolate GS2019-4 inactivated vaccine could induce a non-specific and specific immune response in rainbow trout, which are responsible for the anti-IPNV ability at an early and late stage after immunization. (Duan et al., 2022)
h. Fish Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: Rainbow trout (n = 30) were intraperitoneally injected with the inactivated virus with a dose of 200 μl per fish (2.50 × 10^5.0 PFU). The injected fish were maintained in the circulating aquarium (15 °C), fed a commercial pelleted diet, and the healthy condition was observed for 30 days. (Duan et al., 2022)
  • Immune Response: The viral loads ratio (PBS group/immunization group) was calculated to present the antivirus effect of the IPN vaccine. The higher the ratio is, the stronger the antiviral effect is. Viral loads in immunized rainbow trout at each time point were significantly lower than that in the PBS group (Table 2), indicating that the vaccination function in resistance to virus infection. The strongest antiviral effect was observed on 30 d.p.i, the viral loads ratio at this time point was significantly higher than those on other time points (p < 0.05), and the mean viral loads ratio at this time point was 1.00 × 10^4.73 (53703.17) folds. The weakest antiviral effect was observed on 3 d.p.i, and the viral loads ratio was 1.0 × 100.66 (4.57 folds), but the viral loads in the immunized group were still significantly lower than that in the negative control group at this time point (p < 0.05). (Duan et al., 2022)
  • Challenge Protocol: Rainbow trout (n = 60) were intraperitoneally injected with IPNV at the dose of 10 μl per fish (1.25 × 10^4.0 PFU), and the rainbow trout injected with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were used as the negative control. (Duan et al., 2022)
  • Efficacy: The viral loads in the immunized rainbow trout were significantly decreased, indicating that the vaccine had good immune protection. (Duan et al., 2022)
IV. References
1. Merck - Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis [http://aqua.merck-animal-health.com/diseases/infectious-pancreatic-necrosis/productadditional_127_113313.aspx]
2. Mikalsen et al., 2004: Mikalsen AB, Torgersen J, Aleström P, Hellemann AL, Koppang EO, Rimstad E. Protection of atlantic salmon Salmo salar against infectious pancreatic necrosis after DNA vaccination. Diseases of aquatic organisms. 2004; 60(1); 11-20. [PubMed: 15352520].