VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Schistosoma mansoni

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. calpain (Protective antigen)
2. cathepsin B1 (SmCB1) (Protective antigen)
3. GPX1 (Protective antigen)
4. Sm14 (Protective antigen)
5. Sm23 (Protective antigen)
6. Sm29 (Protective antigen)
7. SOD (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

2. Disease:

Schistosomiasis

3. Introduction

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms. Infection occurs when your skin comes in contact with contaminated freshwater in which certain types of snails that carry schistosomes are living.

Freshwater becomes contaminated by Schistosoma eggs when infected people urinate or defecate in the water. The eggs hatch, and if certain types of freshwater snails are present in the water, the parasites develop and multiply inside the snails. The parasite leaves the snail and enters the water where it can survive for about 48 hours. Schistosoma parasites can penetrate the skin of persons who are wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated water. Within several weeks, parasite mature into adult worms, residing in the blood vessels of the body where the females produce eggs. Some of the eggs travel to the bladder or intestine and are passed into the urine or stool. Within days after becoming infected, you may develop a rash or itchy skin. Fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches can begin within 1-2 months of infection. Most people have no symptoms at this early phase of infection.

When adult worms are present, the eggs that are produced usually travel to the intestine, liver or bladder, causing inflammation or scarring. Children who are repeatedly infected can develop anemia, malnutrition, and learning difficulties. After years of infection, the parasite can also damage the liver, intestine, lungs, and bladder. Rarely, eggs are found in the brain or spinal cord and can cause seizures, paralysis, or spinal cord inflammation.

Symptoms of schistosomiasis are caused by the body's reaction to the eggs produced by worms, not by the worms themselves (CDC - Schistosomiasis).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. calpain

Gene Name : calpain
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni strain Puerto Rico
NCBI Protein GI : 353230291
Other Database IDs : CDD:279042
CDD:238004
CDD:279416
CDD:238132
CDD:290234
CDD:238008
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : calpain (C02 family)
Protein pI : 6.64
Protein Weight : 164811.89
Protein Length : 1591
Protein Note : Calpain family cysteine protease; pfam00648

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>CCD76462.1 calpain (C02 family) [Schistosoma mansoni]
MRRKKQNSDSETECNGVPLNYLDILKPTLTEKRVQFNLNIPCSITPKGYAKLHEKLTSPCIPHSKGKADS
MADRVYRQIFLYCTNSLNGFTHSSKSETTYASPTAMRKIKISQYEIISAKMVEAKELYQDPEFPANDASI
GNLPHVSGRVEWKRPKDINPLAAFCTKSYSRFDVDQGALGDCWFASVMATVTKYPSLMSNIIPPNQTFKG
SGYTGAFVFNFWRFGEWVEVVVDDRIPVVKGTCNPVFIHSTDNSEFWSCLLEKAYAKLCGSYAHLTGGFQ
SEAMEDFTGGICTTLILNKKERPPNLLKMMEHYTKTCCVMGADVGGDKNKRREELGLIGSHAYSVTGVGK
VNYMGKDVYLVRCRNPWGERHEWKGPWSDNSPEWKDVKSKDKRALQYKPKEDGEFCSFQLTFILFISTSI
SRRNVLFGLPLFRFPSPFQVRACLVMQFGDFLNVCPIHFQQSFCTNPQYLFTIGTDNSGKVGKAHIIVGV
MQEHRRFLYGGEYLAIGFSIFEVSELQNTRLTPEELLCRKPLLTSDYIPRREVTLEADLFPGTFILIPST
YNSNQEARYICRVFSTVKMKQLELDEENSYEGFPKKELASLELNFKQLCNPVTEKINSRILGTILDQSNF
GEYMDGFTEFPSNLCSSLISSASTNLTGQIDLEEYLYLLIDLKGWMLTFNKYDDRKGCVSWFKFRDLLKS
SGYKVSNRVFSVLAHRHIDHKRGHISLESYLHCMANLKFAFDVTSYHPKSDKGILMFNKEDVYSPDENVS
GRTNRPGKEVVDPRTGRIIKVKRETPDDYLNVLKPIKGPKRMEFNPYLPKTLTPKGYAKFKLMMNVASKQ
YETLVKRLKTERTLWEDPDFPANDKAIGNLPDFRERIEWKRPHEINPNAKFFAGGASRFDIEQGALGDCW
LLAVVASISGYPQLFDQVVPKDQELKGPEYVGVVRFRFWRFGHWVEVLIDDRLPVRQGRNTLVFMHSNDP
TEFWSALLEKAYAKLNGCYAHLSGGSQSEAMEDLTGGICLSLELNQKERPSDLIDQLKIYAQRCCLMGCS
IDSSVMEQKMDNGLIGSHAYSLTGVYPVNYRGRTQWLMRLRNPWGDSHEWKGAWCDGSPQWREISEQEKK
NINLSFTADGEFWMSYEDFVTCFSRVEVCHLGLESLEYNQNFHGKRRLDEAIFSGQWQRNVNAGGCINNR
TTYWTNPQFRITVEDPDPDDDDNKCSVLIGLMQTDIRKKVGADFQPIGFMVYNAPDDLNTLLSRAQLLTR
SPIAKSQFINTREVTAQFRVPPGSYVVIPSTFDPNIEVNFILRVFSQTSITEQELDEDNTNQGLPDDVIE
ALKLEDTLLDEDQEIEQKFLAIRDPKTNAINAVKLGELLNNSTLQDIPNFQGFNKELCRSMVASVDNNLT
GHVELNEFMDLWIQAKGWKHIFIKHDVDQSGYFSAYEFREALNDAGYHVSNRLINAIINRYQDPGTDKIS
FEDFMLCMVRLKTAFETIEAHPKNIEGTSLFSAEDYLRFSVYI

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): S. mansoni DNA vaccine Sm-p80-pcDNA3 encoding the large subunit of S. mansoni calpain

2. cathepsin B1 (SmCB1)

Gene Name : cathepsin B1 (SmCB1)
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni
NCBI Protein GI : 4I07_A
Other Database IDs : CDD:239111
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Protein Name : cathepsin B1 (SmCB1)
Protein pI : 8.27
Protein Weight : 27990.962
Protein Length : 320
Protein Note : Cathepsin B group; composed of cathepsin B and similar proteins, including tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-Ag). Cathepsin B is a lysosomal papain-like cysteine peptidase which is expressed in all tissues and functions primarily as an...; cd02620

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>pdb|4I07|A Chain A, Cathepsin B-like Peptidase (c01 Family)
VEIPSSFDSRKKWPRCKSIATIRDQSRCGSXWAFGAVEAMSDRSCIQSGGKQNVELSAVDLLSCCESCGL
GCEGGILGPAWDYWVKEGIVTGSSKENHAGCEPYPFPKCEHHTKGKYPPCGSKIYKTPRCKQTCQKKYKT
PYTQDKHRGKSSYNVKNDEKAIQKEIMKYGPVEAGFTVYEDFLNYKSGIYKHITGETLGGHAIRIIGWGV
ENKAPYWLIANSWNEDWGENGYFRIVRGRDECSIESEVTAGRIN

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Tallima et al., 2017)

3. GPX1

Gene Name : GPX1
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni
NCBI Protein GI : 212287928
Other Database IDs : CDD:238207
CDD:278975
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : Glutathione peroxidase
Protein pI : 9.34
Protein Weight : 19887.514
Protein Length : 245
Protein Note : GPX

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>sp|Q00277.2|GPX1_SCHMA RecName: Full=Glutathione peroxidase; Short=GPX
MSSSHKSWNSIYEFTVKDINGVDVSLEKYRGHVCLIVNVACKUGATDKNYRQLQEMHTRLVGKGLRILAF
PCNQFGGQEPWAEAEIKKFVTEKYGVQFDMFSKIKVNGSDADDLYKFLKSRQHGTLTNNIKWNFSKFLVD
RQGQPVKRYSPTTAPYDIEGDIMELLEKK

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): S. mansoni DNA vaccine pcDNA/GPXbb encoding glutathione-S-peroxidase, GPX

4. Sm14

Gene Name : Sm14
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni
NCBI Protein GI : AAM18481
Other Database IDs : CDD:278490
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Protein Name : Sm14 fatty acid-binding protein delta E3 variant
Protein pI : 8.5
Protein Weight : 10770.33
Protein Length : 184
Protein Note : does not contain exon 3

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAM18481.1 Sm14 fatty acid-binding protein delta E3 variant [Schistosoma mansoni]
MSSFLGKWKLSESHNFDAVMSKLGVSWATRQIGNTVTPTVTFTMDGDKMTMLTESTFKNLSCTFKFGEEF
DEKTSDGRNVKTVTVGDVTAIRNYKRLS

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Mossallam et al., 2015)

5. Sm23

Gene Name : Sm23
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni
NCBI Protein GI : 511890
Other Database IDs : CDD:278750
CDD:239401
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : integral membrane protein 23
Protein pI : 6.44
Protein Weight : 21503.36
Protein Length : 286
Protein Note : Tetraspanin family; pfam00335

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAA73525.1 integral membrane protein 23 [Schistosoma mansoni]
MATLGTGMRCLKSCVFVLNIICLLCSLVLIGAGAYVEVKFSQYGDNLHKVWQAAPIAIIVVGVIILIVSF
LGCCGAIKENVCMLYMYAFFLVVLLIAELAAAIVAVVYKDRIDSEIDALMTGALDKPTKEITEFMNLIQS
SFHCCGAKGPNDYRGNVPASCKEENLTYTEGCVSVFGAFLKRNLVIVACVAFGVCFFQLLSIVIACCLGR
QIKEYENV

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): S. mansoni DNA vaccine Sm23-pcDNA encoding Sm23

6. Sm29

Gene Name : Sm29
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni
NCBI Protein GI : AAC98911
Other Database IDs : CDD:184037
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Protein Name : Sm29
Protein pI : 7.86
Protein Weight : 20326.24
Protein Length : 234
Protein Note : putative ATPase RIL; Provisional

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAC98911.1 Sm29 [Schistosoma mansoni]
MKSGWEYIGIFLYIMVNILDKQRCHSVRCYVCDYCPIVTSVSISEENNCTSCSTAGYNYSIHRICVFKDG
IPINFPNENRTQCNTDLCNGLTVDNTGKIPSVPIANPFRCYTCLNCTKSNQKVLSGCGACVTTRGSGIIS
KFCGTTCERLYIDDQISCCSTDLCNGMTKLSIHRHVIIVLFVCIGISKYIL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Mossallam et al., 2015)

7. SOD

Gene Name : SOD
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Schistosoma mansoni strain NMRI
NCBI Protein GI : 161119
Other Database IDs : CDD:238186
Taxonomy ID : 6183
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : superoxide dismutase
Protein pI : 6.58
Protein Weight : 14406.56
Protein Length : 212
Protein Note : Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD). superoxide dismutases catalyse the conversion of superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen. Three evolutionarily distinct families of SODs are known, of which the copper/zinc-binding family is one. Defects in the...; cd00305

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAA29935.1 superoxide dismutase [Schistosoma mansoni]
MKAVCVMTGTAGVKGVVKFTQETDNGPVHVHAEFSGLKAGKHGFHVHEFGDTTNGCTSAGAHFNPTKQEH
GAPEDSIRHVGDLGNVVAGADGNAVYNATDKLISLNGSHSIIGRSMVIHENEDDLGRGGHELSKVTGNAG
GRLACGVVGLAAE

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): S. mansoni DNA vaccine pcDNA/CTSOD encoding SOD

III. Vaccine Information

1. S. mansoni DNA vaccine pcDNA/CTSOD encoding SOD

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse

e. Gene Engineering of SOD

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description: Vector cDNAI/Amp (in vitrogen) expressed Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, SOD (Shalaby et al., 2003).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pcDNAI/Amp (Shalaby et al., 2003)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: CT-SOD showed the highest level of protection out of all vaccines tested (54%). Two immunizations resulted in significant reduction of worm burden compared to control groups (Shalaby et al., 2003).

2. S. mansoni DNA vaccine pcDNA/GPXbb encoding glutathione-S-peroxidase, GPX

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse

e. Gene Engineering of GPX1

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pcDNAI/Amp (in vitrogen) (Shalaby et al., 2003)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: For the regimens involving GPXbb, immunization with DNA vaccination alone resulted in protection of 44%, but the prime-boost (boost of recombinant vaccinia virus/GPXbb) resulted in 85% worm burden reduction (Shalaby et al., 2003).

3. S. mansoni DNA vaccine Sm-p80-pcDNA3 encoding the large subunit of S. mansoni calpain

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse

e. Gene Engineering of calpain

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pcDNA3 (Siddiqui et al., 2003)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: Mice immunized with Sm-p80-pcDNA3 showed statistically significant 39% reduction in worm burden when compared with mice which received only pcDNA3. Similarly, mice immunized with Sm-p80-pcDNA3 and co-injected with pORF-mIL-2 exhibited 57% reduction (P≤0.0001) in the number of parasites when compared with the group of mice receiving only pcDNA3 and pORF-mIL-2. Also, when mice were primed with Sm-p80-pcDNA3 in the presence of pORF-mIL-12, they contained 45% less number of parasites (P≤0.0001) compared to the group of mice which were immunized with pcDNA3 alone (Siddiqui et al., 2003).

4. S. mansoni DNA vaccine Sm23-pcDNA encoding Sm23

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse

e. Gene Engineering of Sm23

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description: Vector pcDNA1.1/Amp expressed Schistosoma mansoni integral membrane protein Sm23 (Da'dara et al., 2001).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pcDNA1.1/Amp (Da'dara et al., 2001)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Mouse Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: The Sm23-pcDNA vaccine provided statistically significant levels of protection against challenge infection (21-44%, P<0.001-0.02) (Da'dara et al., 2001).

IV. References

1. CDC - Schistosomiasis: Parasites - Schistosomiasis [http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/gen_info/faqs.html]

2. Da'dara et al., 2001: Da'dara AA, Skelly PJ, Wang MM, Harn DA. Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding the integral membrane protein, Sm23, elicits a protective immune response against schistosome infection in mice. Vaccine. 2001; 20(3-4); 359-369. [PubMed: 11672898].

3. Mossallam et al., 2015: Mossallam SF, Amer EI, Ewaisha RE, Khalil AM, Aboushleib HM, Bahey-El-Din M. Fusion protein comprised of the two schistosomal antigens, Sm14 and Sm29, provides significant protection against Schistosoma mansoni in murine infection model. BMC infectious diseases. 2015; 15; 147. [PubMed: 25887456].

4. Shalaby et al., 2003: Shalaby KA, Yin L, Thakur A, Christen L, Niles EG, LoVerde PT. Protection against Schistosoma mansoni utilizing DNA vaccination with genes encoding Cu/Zn cytosolic superoxide dismutase, signal peptide-containing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. Vaccine. 2003; 22(1); 130-136. [PubMed: 14604580].

5. Siddiqui et al., 2003: Siddiqui AA, Phillips T, Charest H, Podesta RB, Quinlin ML, Pinkston JR, Lloyd JD, Pompa J, Villalovos RM, Paz M. Enhancement of Sm-p80 (large subunit of calpain) induced protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni through co-delivery of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in a DNA vaccine formulation. Vaccine. 2003; 21(21-22); 2882-2889. [PubMed: 12798631].

6. Tallima et al., 2017: Tallima H, Dvo?�k J, Kareem S, Abou El Dahab M, Abdel Aziz N, Dalton JP, El Ridi R. Protective immune responses against Schistosoma mansoni infection by immunization with functionally active gut-derived cysteine peptidases alone and in combination with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2017; 11(3); e0005443. [PubMed: 28346516].