VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. Core protein (Other)
2. env (Other)
3. env HIV (Other)
4. env receptor binding subunit (Other)
5. gag (Other)
6. gag-pol (Other)
7. env (Protective antigen)
8. nef (Virmugen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

11723

2. Disease:

Simian AIDS

3. Introduction

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus is a retrovirus that can infect at least 33 species of African primates. It has been present in primates for at least 32,000 years. Infections in the natural hosts appear to be generally non-pathogenic, except in the case of the Asian rhesus macaque, which will develop SAIDS (Wiki: Simian immunodeficiency virus).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. Core protein

Gene Name : Core protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Protein GI : 54312018
Other Database IDs : CDD:109591
CDD:201337
CDD:199156
Taxonomy ID : 11723
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : core protein
Protein Length : 510
Protein Note : gag gene protein p17 (matrix protein); pfam00540

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|54312018|dbj|BAD66663.1| core protein [Simian immunodeficiency virus]
MGVRNSVLSGKKADELEKIRLRPNGKKKYMLKHVVWAANELDRFGLAESLLENKEGCQKILSVLAPLVPT
GSENLKSLYNTVCVIWCIHAEEKVKHTEEAKQIVQRHLVVETGTTETMPKTSRPTAPSSGRGGNYPVQQI
GGNYVHLPLSPRTLNAWVKLIEEKKFGAEVVPGFQALSEGCTPYDINQMLNCVGDHQAAMQIIRDIINEE
AADWDLQHPQPAPQQGQLREPSGSDIAGTTSSVDEQIQWMYRQQNPIPVGNIYRRWIQLGLQKCVRMYNP
TNILDVKQGPKEPFQSYVDRFYKSLRAEQTDAAVKNWMTQTLLIQNANPDCKLVLKGLGVNPTLEEMLTA
CQGVGGPGQKARLMAEALKEALAPVPIPFAAAQQRGPRKPIKCWNCGKEGHSARQCRAPRRQGCWKCGKM
DHVMAKCPDRQAGFLGLGPWGKKPRNFPMAQVHQGLMPTAPPEDPAVDLLKNYMQLGKQQREKQRESREK
PYKEVTEDLLHLNSLFGGDQ

Molecule Role : Other
Related Vaccine(s): SIV DNA vaccine pSIVgag and pmacIL-15 encoding SIV core protein

2. env

Gene Name : env
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Protein GI : 532231
Other Database IDs : CDD:109567
CDD:197369
Taxonomy ID : 11723
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : envelope glycoprotein
Protein Length : 881
Protein Note : Envelope glycoprotein GP120; pfam00516

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|532231|gb|AAB00470.1| envelope glycoprotein [Simian immunodeficiency virus]
MGCLGNQLLIAILLLSVYGIYCTQYVTVFYGVPAWRNATIPLFCATKNRDTWGTTQCLPDNGDYSELALN
VTESFDAWNNTVTEQAIEDVWQLFETSIRPCVKLSPLCITMRCNKSETDKWGLTKSSTTTASTTTTTPTT
ASKIDMVNETSSCITHDNCTGLEQEQMISCKFNMTGLKRDKKKEYNETWYSTDLVCEQGNSTDNESRCYM
NHCNTSVIQESCDKHYWDTIRFRYCAPPGYALLRCNDTNYSGFMPKCSKVVVSSCTRMMETQTSTWFGFN
GTRAENRTYIYWHGRDNRTIISLSKYYNLTMKCRRPGNKTVLPVTIMSGLVFHSQPINDRPKQAWCWFGG
EWKDAIKEVKQTIVKHPRYTGTNNTDKINLTAPGGGDPEVTFMWTNCRGEFLYCKMNWFLNWVEDRNTTN
QKPNEQHKRNYVPCHIRQIINTWHKVGKNVYLPPREGDLTCNSTVTSLIANIDWTDGNQTNITMSAEVAE
LYRLELGDYKLVEITPIGLAPTNVKRYTTGGTSRNKRGVFVLGFLGFLATAGSAMGAASLTLTAQSRTLL
AGIVQQQQQLLDVVKRQQELLRLTVWGTKNLQTRVTAIEKYLKDQAQLNAWGCAFRQVCHTTVPWPNASL
TPDWNNDTWQEWERKVDFLEENITALLEEAQIQQEKNMYELQKLNSWDVFGNWFDLASWIKYIQYGIYMV
VGVILLRIVIYIVQMLAKLRQGYRPVFSSPPSYFQQTHIQQDPALPTREGKEGDGGEGGGNSSWPWQIEY
IHFLIRQLIRLLTWLFSNCRTLLSRAYQILQPIFQRLSATLQRIREVLRTELTYLQYGWSYFQEAVQVGW
RSATETLAGAWGDLWETLRRGGRWILAIPRRIRQGLELTLL

Molecule Role : Other
Related Vaccine(s): SabRV-SIV , SIV DNA vaccine pVacc4 encoding env from mac239

3. env

Gene Name : env
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Protein GI : 343533448
Other Database IDs : CDD:278917
CDD:295533
CDD:197369
Taxonomy ID : 57667
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : envelope glycoprotein
Protein pI : 8.96
Protein Weight : 91902.73
Protein Length : 939
Protein Note : Envelope glycoprotein GP120; pfam00516

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AEM54739.1 envelope glycoprotein [Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus]
MKVKGIRKNYQHLWKWGIMFLGMLMICSAVENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWAT
HACVPTDPNPQEILLENVTEDFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTDLRNVTNIN
NSSEGMRGEMKNCSFNITTSIRDKVKKEYALFYRLDVVPIDNDNTSYRLISCNTSTITQACPKVSFEPIP
IHYCTPAGFAILKCKDKKFNGTGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSSNFTDNAKNI
IVQLNETVEINCTRPNNNTRKRITLGPGRVVYTTGEIVGDIRKAHCNISKVKWHNTLKRVAEKLREKFEN
KTIVFNKSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWKFNDTWNLTQVSGTEGNDIITLPCRIKQIIN
MWQKVGKAMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLILTRDGGNNHNNDTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVRIEPL
GVAPTKAKRRVVQREKRAVGTIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASITLTVQARLLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQ
HLLQLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKTLDMIWNNMTWMEWER
EIDNYTGLIYNLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLALDKWAGLWNWFDISNWLWYIKIFIMIVGGLIGLRIVFSVLS
IVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTRSPASRGPDRPEGIEEEGGDRDRDRSVRLVDGFLALIWDDLRSLCLFSYRRLRD
LLLIATRIVELLGRRGRELLRYWWNLLQYWSQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVGEGTDRIVEILQRAGRAILHI
PTRIRQGLERTLL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen

4. env HIV

Gene Name : env HIV
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Human immunodeficiency virus 1
NCBI Gene ID : 155971
NCBI Protein GI : 9629363
Locus Tag : HIV1gp8
Genbank Accession : AF033819
Protein Accession : NP_057856
Taxonomy ID : 11676
Gene Starting Position : 5770
Gene Ending Position : 8340
Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
Protein Name : Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor
Protein pI : 9.19
Protein Weight : 91753.45
Protein Length : 856

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|9629357:5770-8340 Human immunodeficiency virus 1, complete genome
AATGAGAGTGAAGGAGAAATATCAGCACTTGTGGAGATGGGGGTGGAGATGGGGCACCATGCTCCTTGGG
ATGTTGATGATCTGTAGTGCTACAGAAAAATTGTGGGTCACAGTCTATTATGGGGTACCTGTGTGGAAGG
AAGCAACCACCACTCTATTTTGTGCATCAGATGCTAAAGCATATGATACAGAGGTACATAATGTTTGGGC
CACACATGCCTGTGTACCCACAGACCCCAACCCACAAGAAGTAGTATTGGTAAATGTGACAGAAAATTTT
AACATGTGGAAAAATGACATGGTAGAACAGATGCATGAGGATATAATCAGTTTATGGGATCAAAGCCTAA
AGCCATGTGTAAAATTAACCCCACTCTGTGTTAGTTTAAAGTGCACTGATTTGAAGAATGATACTAATAC
CAATAGTAGTAGCGGGAGAATGATAATGGAGAAAGGAGAGATAAAAAACTGCTCTTTCAATATCAGCACA
AGCATAAGAGGTAAGGTGCAGAAAGAATATGCATTTTTTTATAAACTTGATATAATACCAATAGATAATG
ATACTACCAGCTATAAGTTGACAAGTTGTAACACCTCAGTCATTACACAGGCCTGTCCAAAGGTATCCTT
TGAGCCAATTCCCATACATTATTGTGCCCCGGCTGGTTTTGCGATTCTAAAATGTAATAATAAGACGTTC
AATGGAACAGGACCATGTACAAATGTCAGCACAGTACAATGTACACATGGAATTAGGCCAGTAGTATCAA
CTCAACTGCTGTTAAATGGCAGTCTAGCAGAAGAAGAGGTAGTAATTAGATCTGTCAATTTCACGGACAA
TGCTAAAACCATAATAGTACAGCTGAACACATCTGTAGAAATTAATTGTACAAGACCCAACAACAATACA
AGAAAAAGAATCCGTATCCAGAGAGGACCAGGGAGAGCATTTGTTACAATAGGAAAAATAGGAAATATGA
GACAAGCACATTGTAACATTAGTAGAGCAAAATGGAATAACACTTTAAAACAGATAGCTAGCAAATTAAG
AGAACAATTTGGAAATAATAAAACAATAATCTTTAAGCAATCCTCAGGAGGGGACCCAGAAATTGTAACG
CACAGTTTTAATTGTGGAGGGGAATTTTTCTACTGTAATTCAACACAACTGTTTAATAGTACTTGGTTTA
ATAGTACTTGGAGTACTGAAGGGTCAAATAACACTGAAGGAAGTGACACAATCACCCTCCCATGCAGAAT
AAAACAAATTATAAACATGTGGCAGAAAGTAGGAAAAGCAATGTATGCCCCTCCCATCAGTGGACAAATT
AGATGTTCATCAAATATTACAGGGCTGCTATTAACAAGAGATGGTGGTAATAGCAACAATGAGTCCGAGA
TCTTCAGACCTGGAGGAGGAGATATGAGGGACAATTGGAGAAGTGAATTATATAAATATAAAGTAGTAAA
AATTGAACCATTAGGAGTAGCACCCACCAAGGCAAAGAGAAGAGTGGTGCAGAGAGAAAAAAGAGCAGTG
GGAATAGGAGCTTTGTTCCTTGGGTTCTTGGGAGCAGCAGGAAGCACTATGGGCGCAGCCTCAATGACGC
TGACGGTACAGGCCAGACAATTATTGTCTGGTATAGTGCAGCAGCAGAACAATTTGCTGAGGGCTATTGA
GGCGCAACAGCATCTGTTGCAACTCACAGTCTGGGGCATCAAGCAGCTCCAGGCAAGAATCCTGGCTGTG
GAAAGATACCTAAAGGATCAACAGCTCCTGGGGATTTGGGGTTGCTCTGGAAAACTCATTTGCACCACTG
CTGTGCCTTGGAATGCTAGTTGGAGTAATAAATCTCTGGAACAGATTTGGAATCACACGACCTGGATGGA
GTGGGACAGAGAAATTAACAATTACACAAGCTTAATACACTCCTTAATTGAAGAATCGCAAAACCAGCAA
GAAAAGAATGAACAAGAATTATTGGAATTAGATAAATGGGCAAGTTTGTGGAATTGGTTTAACATAACAA
ATTGGCTGTGGTATATAAAATTATTCATAATGATAGTAGGAGGCTTGGTAGGTTTAAGAATAGTTTTTGC
TGTACTTTCTATAGTGAATAGAGTTAGGCAGGGATATTCACCATTATCGTTTCAGACCCACCTCCCAACC
CCGAGGGGACCCGACAGGCCCGAAGGAATAGAAGAAGAAGGTGGAGAGAGAGACAGAGACAGATCCATTC
GATTAGTGAACGGATCCTTGGCACTTATCTGGGACGATCTGCGGAGCCTGTGCCTCTTCAGCTACCACCG
CTTGAGAGACTTACTCTTGATTGTAACGAGGATTGTGGAACTTCTGGGACGCAGGGGGTGGGAAGCCCTC
AAATATTGGTGGAATCTCCTACAGTATTGGAGTCAGGAACTAAAGAATAGTGCTGTTAGCTTGCTCAATG
CCACAGCCATAGCAGTAGCTGAGGGGACAGATAGGGTTATAGAAGTAGTACAAGGAGCTTGTAGAGCTAT
TCGCCACATACCTAGAAGAATAAGACAGGGCTTGGAAAGGATTTTGCTATA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|9629363|ref|NP_057856.1| Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor [Human immunodeficiency virus 1]
MRVKEKYQHLWRWGWRWGTMLLGMLMICSATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWA
THACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNT
NSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSF
EPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDN
AKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLR
EQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRI
KQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVK
IEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKRAVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIE
AQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKSLEQIWNHTTWME
WDREINNYTSLIHSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWFNITNWLWYIKLFIMIVGGLVGLRIVFA
VLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPTPRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRDRSIRLVNGSLALIWDDLRSLCLFSYHR
LRDLLLIVTRIVELLGRRGWEALKYWWNLLQYWSQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVAEGTDRVIEVVQGACRAI
RHIPRRIRQGLERILL

Molecule Role : Other

5. env receptor binding subunit

Gene Name : env receptor binding subunit
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Protein GI : 603752
Other Database IDs : CDD:109567
Taxonomy ID : 11723
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : envelope glycoprotein gp120 receptor binding subunit
Protein Length : 527
Protein Note : Envelope glycoprotein GP120; pfam00516

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|603752|gb|AAA57442.1| envelope glycoprotein gp120 receptor binding subunit, partial [Simian immunodeficiency virus]
MGCLGNQLLIAILLLSVYGIYCTLYVTVFYGVPAWRNATIPLFCATKNRDTWGTTQCLPDNGDYSEMALN
VTESFDAWNNTVTEQAIEDVWQLFETSIKPCVRLSPLCITMRCNKSETDRWGLTKSITTTAPTASTTASA
EVDMVNETSSCIAQDNCTGLEQEQMISCKFNMTGLKRNKKKEYNETWYSADLVCEQGNNTGNESRCYMNH
CNTSVIQESCDKHYWDAIRFRYCAPPGYALLRCNDTNYSGFMPKCSKVVVSSCTRMMETQTSTWFGFNGT
RAENRTYIYWHGRNNRTIISLNKYYNLTMKCRRPGNKTVLPVTIMSGLVFHSQPINGRPKQAWCWFEGKW
KDAIKEVKQTIVKHPRYTGTNNTDKINLTAPRGGNPEVTFMWTNCRGEFLYCKMNWFLNWVEDRNTANQK
PNEQHKRNYVPCHIRQIINTWHKVGKNVYLPPREGDLTCNSTVTSLIANIDWIDGNQTNISMSAEVAELY
RLELGDYKLVEITPIGLAPTSVKRYTTGGTSRNKRGV

Molecule Role : Other
Related Vaccine(s): SabRV-SIV

6. gag

Gene Name : gag
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mnd 2
NCBI Gene ID : 956108
NCBI Protein GI : 27311167
Locus Tag : Siv2gp1
Genbank Accession : AF367411
Protein Accession : NP_758886
Taxonomy ID : 159122
Gene Starting Position : 736
Gene Ending Position : 2289
Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
Protein Name : gag protein
Protein pI : 8.78
Protein Weight : 55072.29
Protein Length : 517

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|27311166:736-2289 Simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mnd 2, complete genome
AATGGGCGCGAGCGCGTCAGGTCTTAGGGGAGAAAAATTGGACGAGCTGGAAAAGATTAGGTTACGGCCC
TCCGGAAAAAAGAAATACCAGCTGAAACACATAATATGGGTAAGCAAGGAACTAGACAGATTTGGCCTTC
ATGAAAAGCTGTTAGAAAGTAAGGAAGGATGCGAGAAAATTCTTAGCGTACTCTTTCCACTAGTTCCTAC
AGGGTCAGAAAATTTAATCTCGCTGTACAACACCTGCTGCTGCGTATGGTGCGTACATGCGAAAGAGAAA
GTAACAGATACAGAGGAAGCGAAAGAGAAAGTAAAACAAAAGCTCCATCTAGTGGCCGAAAAGGAAAATG
CAGCATCAGAAAAAGAACAAAGAGCAATAGTGACACCTAGTGGCCGCTCAAAAAATTACCCAATACAGAT
AATAAATCAGACCCCAGTCCATCAGGGAATTTCACCGCGCACGCTGAATGCGTGGGTAAAATGCATAGAA
GAGAAGAAGTTTAGCCCAGAAATAGTGCCCATGTTCATAGCCTTGTCTGAAGGGTGCCTCCCCTATGATC
TCAATGGCATGCTCAATGCTATTGGAGACCATCAGGGAGCGCTTCAAATAGTGAAGGATGTCATCAATGA
GGAAGCTGCAGACTGGAACTTGAGACACCCACAAGTGGGTCCTATGCCCCAAGGTGTCTTGAGAAACCCA
ACGGGCAGTGATATTGCTGGAACAACAAGCTCCATAGAAGAGCAGATAGAATGGACTACAAGGGAGCAAG
ATGCAGTAAATGTGGGAGGAATATATAAACAATGGATAGTTTTAGGGCTTCAGAAGTGTGTAAGCATGTA
TAATCCAGTAAACATCCTGGACATAAAGCAAGGACCAAAGGAGCCGTTCAAGGACTATGTGGACAGGTTT
TACAAAGCTCTGCGGGCGGAGCGGACTGATCCACAAGTCAAAACCTGGATGACACAAACTTTGCTCATCC
AGAATGCTAACCCAGATTGTAAATCCATCCTTAAAGGGCTAGGCATGAATCCCTCTTTAGAAGAGATGCC
GCTAGCCTGCCAAGGGGTAGGAGGCCCTAAATATAAAGCACAAATGATGGCAGAGGCTATGAAGGAAGCC
CAGTCAGCTGTAATGATGCAGAATTCGGGAGGGCCACCGCGGGGCCCCCCGAGACAACCTCCTAGAAACA
TCAGATGCCCTAACTGTGGAAAATTTGGTCATGGGCTGAGGGACTGTATAAGCCCTCGAAAAAAGGGATG
CTTCAAGTGTGGAGATCTAGGACACATAATGAGAAATTGCCCAAAGATGGTGAATTTTTTAGGGAATACC
CCCTGGGGCAGTGGCAAACCCAGGAACTTCCCGGCGATGCCATTGACCCCAACGGCCCCTCCAATGCCAG
GGATGGAAGACCCAGCAGAGAGAATGCTGTTAGATTACATGAAGAAAGGGCAACAGCAGAAAGCGGAAAG
CAAACAGGAAAAGAAAGAGAGGGGTCCATACGAGGCAGCTTACAACTCCCTCAGTTCTCTCTTTGGAACA
GACCAACTACAGTA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|27311167|ref|NP_758886.1| gag protein [Simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mnd 2]
MGASASGLRGEKLDELEKIRLRPSGKKKYQLKHIIWVSKELDRFGLHEKLLESKEGCEKILSVLFPLVPT
GSENLISLYNTCCCVWCVHAKEKVTDTEEAKEKVKQKLHLVAEKENAASEKEQRAIVTPSGRSKNYPIQI
INQTPVHQGISPRTLNAWVKCIEEKKFSPEIVPMFIALSEGCLPYDLNGMLNAIGDHQGALQIVKDVINE
EAADWNLRHPQVGPMPQGVLRNPTGSDIAGTTSSIEEQIEWTTREQDAVNVGGIYKQWIVLGLQKCVSMY
NPVNILDIKQGPKEPFKDYVDRFYKALRAERTDPQVKTWMTQTLLIQNANPDCKSILKGLGMNPSLEEMP
LACQGVGGPKYKAQMMAEAMKEAQSAVMMQNSGGPPRGPPRQPPRNIRCPNCGKFGHGLRDCISPRKKGC
FKCGDLGHIMRNCPKMVNFLGNTPWGSGKPRNFPAMPLTPTAPPMPGMEDPAERMLLDYMKKGQQQKAES
KQEKKERGPYEAAYNSLSSLFGTDQLQ

Molecule Role : Other
Related Vaccine(s): rBCG-SIVgag

7. gag-pol

Gene Name : gag-pol
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Gene ID : 1490009
NCBI Protein GI : 22535297
Locus Tag : SIVgp1
Genbank Accession : M66437
Protein Accession : NP_687035
Taxonomy ID : 11723
Gene Starting Position : 896
Gene Ending Position : 5313
Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
Protein Name : Gag-Pol
Protein pI : 8.66
Protein Weight : 157171.22
Protein Length : 1472

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|9627204:896-5313 Simian immunodeficiency virus, complete genome
AATGGGCGGGGGTCACTCAGCACTGTCAGGGAGAAGCCTCGACACGTTCGAGAAGATTAGGCTACGTCCG
AACGGGAAAAAGAAGTACCAAATTAAACATTTAATATGGGCAGGAAAAGAAATGGAACGATTTGGGTTAC
ATGAGAAACTTTTAGAAACAAAAGAAGGCTGTCAAAAAATCATAGAAGTTTTAACCCCGTTGGAACCGAC
AGGCTCCGAGGGGCTAAAAGCTCTGTTTAATTTGTGCTGCGTCATTTGGTGCATTCACGCAGAACAGAAA
GTGAAAGACACAGAGGAAGCTGTAGTAACAGTTAAGCAACACTACCATCTAGTGGACAAAAATGAGAAAG
CAGCTAAAAAGAAAAATGAGACAACAGCGCCACCTGGTGGCGAATCAAGAAATTACCCAGTAGTAAATCA
GAATAATGCCTGGGTACACCAGCCTTTGTCTCCGCGCACGTTAAATGCGTGGGTCAAATGCGTGGAGGAA
AAAAGGTGGGGAGCAGAAGTAGTCCCCATGTTCCAAGCACTCTCAGAGGGATGTCTCTCCTATGATGTAA
ATCAGATGCTCAATGTAATAGGAGACCATCAGGGGGCATTACAAATTCTTAAGGAAGTCATTAATGAAGA
AGCAGCAGAGTGGGACAGGACACACAGACCACCAGCTGGCCCGTTACCAGCAGGGCAGCTAAGAGACCCG
ACAGGGTCAGATATAGCAGGAACTACCAGCTCAATTCAGGAACAAATAGAGTGGACCTTCAATGCCAATC
CAAGAATAGACGTAGGGGCACAATACAGAAAATGGGTTATTTTGGGCTTACAAAAGGTAGTGCAGATGTA
CAATCCCCAAAAGGTCCTAGACATTCGACAGGGACCTAAAGAACCCTTCCAGGACTATGTAGACAGATTC
TATAAAGCCCTGAGAGCAGAACAAGCACCACAGGATGTTAAAAATTGGATGACACAAACTTTGCTTATCC
AGAATGCCAATCCGGATTGTAAATTGATTCTGAAAGGATTGGGAATGAATCCAACCTTGGAGGAAATGCT
AATAGCTTGCCAGGGAGTAGGAGGGCCACAACATAAGGCTAAGCTAATGGTAGAAATGATGAGTAATGGA
CAGAATATGGTCCAAGTGGGACCTCAGAAAAAGGGCCCCCGAGGGCCGCTAAAATGCTTTAATTGTGGCA
AATTTGGACATATGCAAAGGGAATGCAAGGCACCAAGACAGATCAAATGCTTTAAGTGCGGCAAAATTGG
CCATATGGCAAAAGACTGCAAGAATGGACAGGCAAATTTTTTAGGGTATGGCCATTGGGGAGGAGCGAAA
CCAAGAAATTTTGTGCAATACAGAGGAGACACAGTTGGTCTGGAACCAACAGCCCCCCCAATGGAAACAG
CTTACGATCCAGCAAAGAAGCTCCTCCAGCAGTATGCAGAGAAGGGACAGCGCCTGAGAGAGGAGAGAGA
ACAGACAAGGAAACAGAAGGAGAAAGAAGTGGAGGATGTTTCCTTGAGCTCCCTCTTTGGAGGAGACCAA
TGAAACGAGTCATCATAGAAGGAACGCCAGTGCAAGCCTTGTTAGATACAGGAGCAGATGACACTATAAT
TCAAGAAAAGGACTTGCACTTTCCCCCACATAAACCATGGCGTTCCAAGGTAGTAGGAGGTATAGGAGGA
GGGATTCATGTCAAAGAATATCAGGGGGTACAAGTACAATTGGAGGATAAAATCATCACCGGCTCAATTC
TAATAGGAAGTACACCAATCAATATTATAGGAAGAAATATTTTAGCTCAGGCAGGCATGAAATTAGTTAT
GGGAGTTCTATCTAGTCAGATTGAGGAAACAAAAGTACAACTAAAAGAAGGGAAAGATGGACCTAAATTG
AAACAATGGCCCTTATCAAGAGAAAAAATTGAAGCTTTAACAGAAATATGCAAACAAATGGAAGAGGAGG
GAAAATTATCTAGGATAGGAGGAGAAAATCCTTATAATACACCAGTGTTTGCCATAAAGAAAAAGGATAA
AACACAATGGAGAATGCTTGTAGATTTCAGGGAACTAAACAAAGCTACTCAAGACTTTTTTGAGGTTCAG
CTGGGAATTCCTCACCCAGCGGGCCTTCAGAAAAAGAAGCAAATCACAGTAATAGACATAGGGGATGCCT
ATTATTCAATACCATTATGCAAGGAATTCAGAAAATATACAGCATTTACCATCCCCTCAGTAAATAATAC
AGGGCCAGGGATAAGGTATCAGTTCAATTGTCTGCCTCAGGGATGGAAAGGATCTCCTACAATTTTCCAG
AATACGGCAGCAAACATTTTAGAGGAGATCAAAAGGCACACTCCTGGGTTAGAAATTGTCCAATACATGG
ACGATTTGTGGTTGGCGTCAGACCATGATGAGACTAGACATAATCAACAGGTAGACATAGTAAGAAAGAT
GCTGCTAGAAAAAGGTCTAGAAACCCCAGACAAGAAAGTCCAAAGAGAACCGCCATGGGAATGGATGGGG
TATAAATTGCATCCGAATAAATGGACCATTAACAAAATAGAATTACCCCCCTTAGAAGGAGAATGGACAG
TAAACAAAATACAGAAGGTAGTAGGAGTTCTAAATTGGGCAAGTCAAATTTATCCAGGAATTAAAACCAA
ACATACCTGTGCCATGTTGAGAGGGAAAAAGAACCTCCTAGAAGAAATAGTATGGACAGAAGAGGCAGAG
GCAGAATATAAGAACAATCAAGGGATAGTGCAGGAAACACAAGAAGGAACATACTATGACCCTCTCAAAG
AATTAATAGCAACAGTTCAAAAGCAAGGAGAAGGGCAATGGACATACCAATTCACCCAAGAAGGGGCAGT
ATTAAAGGTGGGAAGATATGCCAAGCAAAGAGAAACTCATACTAATGATCTAAGGACTCTAGCACACCTT
GTCCAAAAAATCTGTAAGGAAGCACTTACCATTTGGGGAAGACTTCCACGAGTACAACTCCCAGTAGACA
AGAAAACATGGGATATGTGGTGGCAGGACTATTGGCAAGTATCCTGGATACCAGAATGGGAGTTTGTTAG
CACACCACTCCTAGTAAAACTGTGGTATTCCTTAGTAAAAGAACCAATCAAAGGAGAAGATGTTTATTAT
GTGGATGGGGCAGCATCCAAAGTGACCAAATTAGGTAAGGCAGGATATCTGTCAGAGAGAGGAAAAAGTA
GAATTAGGGAATTAGAAAACACCACTAACCAACAAGCAGAATTAACAGCAGTTAAGATGGCATTGGAGGA
CAGTGGAGAAAATGTAAATATAGTCACAGATTCTCAATATGTAATGAACATCTTGACAGCATGTCCACAG
GAAAGTAACTCACCCTTAGTGGAACAGATAATACAAGCCCTAATGAAAAAGAGGCAGGTCTACTTACAAT
GGGTACCAGCTCATAAGGGGATAGGAGGCAATACAGAAATAGATAAATTAGTAAGCAAAGGAATAAGACA
GATCCTCTTCTTAGATAGAATAGAAGAAGCACAAGATGACCATGCAAAGTACCATAACAATTGGAGAAGT
ATGGTACAGGAATTTGGATTACCTAATATAGTAGCAAAAGAGATAGTAGCGGCATGTCCCAAATGCCAAA
TAAGAGGAGAACCTAAGCATGGACAGGTAGACGCCTCCATTGAAACTTGGCAGATGGACTGCACCCATTT
AGAAGGAAAAGTTATAATAGTAGCAGTACATGTAGCCAGTGGATTCATAGAAGCAGAGGTGATCCCAAGA
GAAACTGGGAAGGAGACAGCACACTTTCTGCTGAAACTGTTAGCAAGATGGCCAGTGAAACATCTACACA
CTGATAATGGCCCAAACTTTACCTCTCAGAATGTGGCAGCGGTGTGCTGGTGGGGTAATATAGAGCACAC
CACTGGAATACCTTATAACCCACAGTCACAGGGTAGTGTAGAAAGCATGAACAGACAGCTCAAGGAAATC
ATCTCTCAAATAAGAGATGATTGTGAGAGATTGGAGACAGCAGTGCAAATGGCTACGCATATCCACAATT
TTAAAAGAAAGGGAGGAATAGGGGGTATCTCTAGTGCAGAAAGATTGGTTAATATGCTAACAACACAACT
AGAACTAAATACTCTACAAAACCAAATCCAAAAAATTTTGAATTTTAAGGTCTACTACAGAGAAGGTAGA
GATCCAGTGTGGAAAGGACCAGCGCGACTCATCTGGAAAGGAGAAGGCGCGGTGGTAATTAAAGAGGGGG
AAGACATCAAGGTAGTCCCCAGGAGAAAGGCTAAGATTATCAAAGATTATGGAGAGAGAAAAACAATGGA
TAGTGAGGGTAGTATGGAGGGTGTCAGAGAGGCAAATAAGCAGATGGAGGGGGATAGTGACTTACAAGAT
CAGGAATA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|22535297|ref|NP_687035.1| Gag-Pol [Simian immunodeficiency virus]
MGGGHSALSGRSLDTFEKIRLRPNGKKKYQIKHLIWAGKEMERFGLHEKLLETKEGCQKIIEVLTPLEPT
GSEGLKALFNLCCVIWCIHAEQKVKDTEEAVVTVKQHYHLVDKNEKAAKKKNETTAPPGGESRNYPVVNQ
NNAWVHQPLSPRTLNAWVKCVEEKRWGAEVVPMFQALSEGCLSYDVNQMLNVIGDHQGALQILKEVINEE
AAEWDRTHRPPAGPLPAGQLRDPTGSDIAGTTSSIQEQIEWTFNANPRIDVGAQYRKWVILGLQKVVQMY
NPQKVLDIRQGPKEPFQDYVDRFYKALRAEQAPQDVKNWMTQTLLIQNANPDCKLILKGLGMNPTLEEML
IACQGVGGPQHKAKLMVEMMSNGQNMVQVGPQKKGPRGPLKCFNCGKFGHMQRECKAPRQIKCFKCGKIG
HMAKDCKNGQANFFRVWPLGRSETKKFCAIQRRHSWSGTNSPPNGNSLRSSKEAPPAVCREGTAPERGER
TDKETEGERSGGCFLELPLWRRPMKRVIIEGTPVQALLDTGADDTIIQEKDLHFPPHKPWRSKVVGGIGG
GIHVKEYQGVQVQLEDKIITGSILIGSTPINIIGRNILAQAGMKLVMGVLSSQIEETKVQLKEGKDGPKL
KQWPLSREKIEALTEICKQMEEEGKLSRIGGENPYNTPVFAIKKKDKTQWRMLVDFRELNKATQDFFEVQ
LGIPHPAGLQKKKQITVIDIGDAYYSIPLCKEFRKYTAFTIPSVNNTGPGIRYQFNCLPQGWKGSPTIFQ
NTAANILEEIKRHTPGLEIVQYMDDLWLASDHDETRHNQQVDIVRKMLLEKGLETPDKKVQREPPWEWMG
YKLHPNKWTINKIELPPLEGEWTVNKIQKVVGVLNWASQIYPGIKTKHTCAMLRGKKNLLEEIVWTEEAE
AEYKNNQGIVQETQEGTYYDPLKELIATVQKQGEGQWTYQFTQEGAVLKVGRYAKQRETHTNDLRTLAHL
VQKICKEALTIWGRLPRVQLPVDKKTWDMWWQDYWQVSWIPEWEFVSTPLLVKLWYSLVKEPIKGEDVYY
VDGAASKVTKLGKAGYLSERGKSRIRELENTTNQQAELTAVKMALEDSGENVNIVTDSQYVMNILTACPQ
ESNSPLVEQIIQALMKKRQVYLQWVPAHKGIGGNTEIDKLVSKGIRQILFLDRIEEAQDDHAKYHNNWRS
MVQEFGLPNIVAKEIVAACPKCQIRGEPKHGQVDASIETWQMDCTHLEGKVIIVAVHVASGFIEAEVIPR
ETGKETAHFLLKLLARWPVKHLHTDNGPNFTSQNVAAVCWWGNIEHTTGIPYNPQSQGSVESMNRQLKEI
ISQIRDDCERLETAVQMATHIHNFKRKGGIGGISSAERLVNMLTTQLELNTLQNQIQKILNFKVYYREGR
DPVWKGPARLIWKGEGAVVIKEGEDIKVVPRRKAKIIKDYGERKTMDSEGSMEGVREANKQMEGDSDLQD
QE

Molecule Role : Other
Related Vaccine(s): SabRV-SIV

8. nef

Gene Name : nef
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Simian immunodeficiency virus
NCBI Gene ID : 1490008
NCBI Protein GI : 9627209
Locus Tag : SIVgp7
Genbank Accession : M66437
Protein Accession : NP_054373
3D structure: PDB ID : 3IOZ
Taxonomy ID : 11723
Gene Starting Position : 8599
Gene Ending Position : 9270
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : nef protein
Protein pI : 6.4
Protein Weight : 24504.09
Protein Length : 223

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|9627204:8599-9270 Simian immunodeficiency virus, complete genome
TATGGGCTCCAGCAACTCCAAGAGGCAGCAACAGGGCTTGCTCAAGCTCTGGCGAGGGCTGCGAGGGAAG
CCTGGGGCAGACTGGGTGCTATTGTCCGATCCGCTTATCGGGCAGTCATCAACAGTCCAAGAAGAGTGCG
GCAAGGCCTTGAAAAAGTCCTGGGGTAAAGGTAAAATGACTCCAGACGGCCGCCGCCTGCAAGAAGGAGA
CACCTTTGATGAGTGGGATGATGATGAAGAAGAAGTAGGCTTCCCTGTGCAACCTCGAGTCCCCTTAAGA
CAGATGACCTATAAATTAGCAGTGGACTTTTCCCACTTTTTAAAATCAAAGGGGGGACTGGATGGGATAT
ATTACTCTGAAAGAAGAGAAAAGATCCTGAATTTGTATGCCTTGAACGAGTGGGGAATAATAGATGATTG
GCAAGCTTACTCACCAGGCCCGGGGATAAGGTACCCGAGAGTCTTTGGCTTCTGCTTTAAGCTAGTCCCA
GTGGACCTGCATGAGGAGGCACGCAACTGTGAGAGACACTGTCTGATGCATCCAGCACAGATGGGGGAAG
ATCCTGATGGAATAGATCATGGAGAAGTCTTGGTCTGGAAGTTTGACCCGAAGTTGGCGGTGGAGTACCG
CCCGGACATGTTTAAGGACATGCACGAACATGCAAAGCGCTA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|9627209|ref|NP_054373.1| nef protein [Simian immunodeficiency virus]
MGSSNSKRQQQGLLKLWRGLRGKPGADWVLLSDPLIGQSSTVQEECGKALKKSWGKGKMTPDGRRLQEGD
TFDEWDDDEEEVGFPVQPRVPLRQMTYKLAVDFSHFLKSKGGLDGIYYSERREKILNLYALNEWGIIDDW
QAYSPGPGIRYPRVFGFCFKLVPVDLHEEARNCERHCLMHPAQMGEDPDGIDHGEVLVWKFDPKLAVEYR
PDMFKDMHEHAKR

Molecule Role : Virmugen
Molecule Role Annotation : A SIV nef mutant is attenuated in rhesus monkeys and induces protection from challenge with wild type SIV (Daniel et al., 1992).
Related Vaccine(s): Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef mutant vaccine

III. Vaccine Information

1. rBCG-SIVgag

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004789

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Macaque

e. Antigen

M. bovis BCG-SIV Gag followed by boosting with rDIsSIVgag (Ami et al., 2005).

f. Gene Engineering of gag

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: The SIV gag gene was used in generation of a recombinant vector vaccine (Ami et al., 2005).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Immunization Route

Intradermal injection (i.d.)

h. Macaque Response

Host Strain: Macaca fascicularis
Vaccination Protocol: The macaques were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (control group) received rBCG-PSO246 followed by two inoculations of rDIsLacZ. Group 2 (rBCG group) received rBCG-SIVgag followed by two inoculations of rDIsLacZ. Group 3 (rBCG/rDIs group) received rBCG-SIVgag followed by two inoculations of rDIsSIVgag. Group 4 (rDIS group) received two inoculations of rDIsSIVgag followed by rBCG-pSO246. Group 5 (rDIs/rBCG group) received two inoculations of rDIsSIVgag followed by rBCG-SIVgag (Ami et al., 2005).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol: All groups were mucosally challenged with two thousand 50% tissue culture infectious doses of SHIV KS661c at 64 weeks after immunization, these were intrarectally administered (Ami et al., 2005).
Efficacy: Only the macaques in group 3 (rBCG/rDIs) showed evidence of protective immune responses, the macaques in this group remained clinically healthy for a one year observation period. During this same observation period, by day 170, 6 macaques in the other 4 groups had died with symptoms consistent with simian AIDS. The rBCG/rDIs group vaccinated with the priming-boosting regimen had a superior survival rate than the other groups receiving vaccine protocols and the control group (Ami et al., 2005).

2. rMVA-SIV-CD40L

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004664

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

3. SabRV-SIV

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004704

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Gene Engineering of env

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: To construct pSabRV1, first the EcoRI and XhoI sites upstream of the T7 promoter of pS1 were eliminated to create plasmid pS1XT. Then the 747-bp BstEII fragment of pMoV2.11—containing the duplicated 2Apro cleavage site, the 5-glycine spacer, and the EcoRI, NotI, and XhoI cloning sites—was swapped into pS1XT to create pSabRV1 (Crotty et al., 2001).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Gene Engineering of env receptor binding subunit

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: To construct pSabRV1, first the EcoRI and XhoI sites upstream of the T7 promoter of pS1 were eliminated to create plasmid pS1XT. Then the 747-bp BstEII fragment of pMoV2.11—containing the duplicated 2Apro cleavage site, the 5-glycine spacer, and the EcoRI, NotI, and XhoI cloning sites—was swapped into pS1XT to create pSabRV1 (Crotty et al., 2001).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Gene Engineering of gag-pol

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: To construct pSabRV1, first the EcoRI and XhoI sites upstream of the T7 promoter of pS1 were eliminated to create plasmid pS1XT. Then the 747-bp BstEII fragment of pMoV2.11—containing the duplicated 2Apro cleavage site, the 5-glycine spacer, and the EcoRI, NotI, and XhoI cloning sites—was swapped into pS1XT to create pSabRV1 (Crotty et al., 2001).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

h. Preparation

New poliovirus vectors based on Sabin 1 and 2 vaccine strain viruses were constructed, and these vectors were used to generate a series of new viruses containing SIV gag, pol, env, nef, and tat in overlapping fragments (Crotty et al., 2001).

i. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

j. Macaque Response

Vaccination Protocol: Seven animals were inoculated intranasally with 1 ml (5 × 10^7 PFU) of SabRV1-SIV on days 1, 3, 14, and 16, for a total of four immunizations. Nineteen weeks after the first series of inoculations, these same seven animals were given boosters of two intranasal inoculations of 1 ml (10^6 PFU/ml) of SabRV2-SIV, one at week 19 and a second at week 21 (Crotty et al., 2001).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol: The animals were challenged with 10^5 TCID50 of SIVmac251 intravaginally, using the SIVmac251 (5/98) stock (Crotty et al., 2001).
Efficacy: Four of the seven vaccinated animals exhibited substantial protection against the vaginal SIV challenge (Crotty et al., 2001).

4. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef mutant vaccine

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002994

b. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Rhesus monkey

e. Gene Engineering of nef

Type: Gene mutation
Description: This nef mutant is from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (Daniel et al., 1992).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Immunization Route

Intravenous injection (i.v.)

g. Monkey Response

Persistence: A nef mutant is attenuated in rhesus monkeys (Daniel et al., 1992).
Efficacy: A nef mutant induces protection in rhesus monkeys from challenge with wild type SIV (Daniel et al., 1992).

5. SIV DNA vaccine pSIVgag and pmacIL-15 encoding SIV core protein

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004346

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Macaque

e. Gene Engineering of Core protein

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description: This DNA vaccine expressed a 37-kDa fragment of the SIV core protein (Boyer et al., 2007).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pCSIVgag plasmid (Boyer et al., 2007)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Macaque Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: The vaccine groups were protected from ongoing infection, and the IL-15 covaccinated group showed a more rapidly controlled infection than the group treated with DNA vaccine alone (Boyer et al., 2007).

6. SIV DNA vaccine pVacc4 encoding env from mac239

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004343

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Macaque

e. Gene Engineering of env

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pVacc4, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) (Bertley et al., 2004)

g. Immunization Route

oculo-nasal route

h. Macaque Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: After rectal challenge of vaccinated and naive animals with SHIV89.6P, all animals became infected. However a subset were protected from CD4+ T cell loss and AIDS development. Thus, nasal vaccination with SHIV-DNA plus IL-2/Ig DNA and rMVA can provide significant protection from disease progression (Bertley et al., 2004).

7. SIV recombinant vector vaccine rAd5/rLCMV

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004564

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Macaques

e. Antigen

a mismatched SIV envelope (Env) gene derived from simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 (Flatz et al., 2012)

f. Vector:

Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) priming, replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus boosting (Flatz et al., 2012)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Macaque Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Immune Response: Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) prime followed by replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV) boost elicited robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell and humoral immune responses. In addition, there was a presence of neutralizing antibodies to the challenge viruses tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Flatz et al., 2012).
Efficacy: To evaluate the infectibility of immunized and control animals, 10 vaccinated Macaca mulatta animals and 10 controls were challenged intrarectally with SIVsmE660 six weeks after the rLCMV boost. In the vaccinated group, three of the 10 monkeys became infected after 99 challenges (3% infection rate per challenge), while in the control null group, eight of the 10 monkeys were infected after 47 challenges (17% infection rate per challenge), indicating a protective efficacy of 82% per challenge (Flatz et al., 2012).

IV. References

1. Ami et al., 2005: Ami Y, Izumi Y, Matsuo K, Someya K, Kanekiyo M, Horibata S, Yoshino N, Sakai K, Shinohara K, Matsumoto S, Yamada T, Yamazaki S, Yamamoto N, Honda M. Priming-boosting vaccination with recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-GuÃ©rin and a nonreplicating vaccinia virus recombinant leads to long-lasting and effective immunity. Journal of virology. 2005; 79(20); 12871-12879. [PubMed: 16188989].

2. Barouch et al., 2000: Barouch DH, Santra S, Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Fu TM, Wagner W, Bilska M, Craiu A, Zheng XX, Krivulka GR, Beaudry K, Lifton MA, Nickerson CE, Trigona WL, Punt K, Freed DC, Guan L, Dubey S, Casimiro D, Simon A, Davies ME, Chastain M, Strom TB, Gelman RS, Montefiori DC, Lewis MG, Emini EA, Shiver JW, Letvin NL. Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2000; 290(5491); 486-492. [PubMed: 11039923].

3. Barouch et al., 2000: Barouch DH, Craiu A, Kuroda MJ, Schmitz JE, Zheng XX, Santra S, Frost JD, Krivulka GR, Lifton MA, Crabbs CL, Heidecker G, Perry HC, Davies ME, Xie H, Nickerson CE, Steenbeke TD, Lord CI, Montefiori DC, Strom TB, Shiver JW, Lewis MG, Letvin NL. Augmentation of immune responses to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines by IL-2/Ig plasmid administration in rhesus monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000; 97(8); 4192-4197. [PubMed: 10759543].

4. Bertley et al., 2004: Bertley FM, Kozlowski PA, Wang SW, Chappelle J, Patel J, Sonuyi O, Mazzara G, Montefiori D, Carville A, Mansfield KG, Aldovini A. Control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus viremia and disease progression after IL-2-augmented DNA-modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccination in nonhuman primates. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2004; 172(6); 3745-3757. [PubMed: 15004179].

5. Boyer et al., 2005: Boyer JD, Robinson TM, Kutzler MA, Parkinson R, Calarota SA, Sidhu MK, Muthumani K, Lewis M, Pavlakis G, Felber B, Weiner D. SIV DNA vaccine co-administered with IL-12 expression plasmid enhances CD8 SIV cellular immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. Journal of medical primatology. 2005; 34(5-6); 262-270. [PubMed: 16128921].

6. Boyer et al., 2007: Boyer JD, Robinson TM, Kutzler MA, Vansant G, Hokey DA, Kumar S, Parkinson R, Wu L, Sidhu MK, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Brown C, Silvera P, Lewis MG, Monforte J, Waldmann TA, Eldridge J, Weiner DB. Protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6P in macaques after coimmunization with SHIV antigen and IL-15 plasmid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007; 104(47); 18648-18653. [PubMed: 18000037].

7. Chong et al., 2007: Chong SY, Egan MA, Kutzler MA, Megati S, Masood A, Roopchard V, Garcia-Hand D, Montefiori DC, Quiroz J, Rosati M, Schadeck EB, Boyer JD, Pavlakis GN, Weiner DB, Sidhu M, Eldridge JH, Israel ZR. Comparative ability of plasmid IL-12 and IL-15 to enhance cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by a SIVgag plasmid DNA vaccine and alter disease progression following SHIV(89.6P) challenge in rhesus macaques. Vaccine. 2007; 25(26); 4967-4982. [PubMed: 17335943].

8. Crotty et al., 2001: Crotty S, Miller CJ, Lohman BL, Neagu MR, Compton L, Lu D, Lü FX, Fritts L, Lifson JD, Andino R. Protection against simian immunodeficiency virus vaginal challenge by using Sabin poliovirus vectors. Journal of virology. 2001; 75(16); 7435-7452. [PubMed: 11462016].

9. Daniel et al., 1992: Daniel MD, Kirchhoff F, Czajak SC, Sehgal PK, Desrosiers RC. Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1992; 258(5090); 1938-1941. [PubMed: 1470917].

10. Flatz et al., 2012: Flatz L, Cheng C, Wang L, Foulds KE, Ko SY, Kong WP, Roychoudhuri R, Shi W, Bao S, Todd JP, Asmal M, Shen L, Donaldson M, Schmidt SD, Gall JG, Pinschewer DD, Letvin NL, Rao S, Mascola JR, Roederer M, Nabel GJ. Gene-based vaccination with a mismatched envelope protects against simian immunodeficiency virus infection in nonhuman primates. Journal of virology. 2012; 86(15); 7760-7770. [PubMed: 22593152].

11. Kwa et al., 2014: Kwa S, Lai L, Gangadhara S, Siddiqui M, Pillai VB, Labranche C, Yu T, Moss B, Montefiori DC, Robinson HL, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR. CD40L-adjuvanted DNA/MVA SIV239 vaccine enhances SIV-specific humoral and cellular immunity, and improves protection against a heterologous SIVE660 mucosal challenge. Journal of virology. 2014; ; . [PubMed: 24920805].

12. Lu et al., 1996: Lu S, Arthos J, Montefiori DC, Yasutomi Y, Manson K, Mustafa F, Johnson E, Santoro JC, Wissink J, Mullins JI, Haynes JR, Letvin NL, Wyand M, Robinson HL. Simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccine trial in macaques. Journal of virology. 1996; 70(6); 3978-3991. [PubMed: 8648735].

13. Wiki: Simian immunodeficiency virus: Simian immunodeficiency virus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian_immunodeficiency_virus]