Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a widespread public health concern because of its prevalence and potentially devastating reproductive consequences, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Although the pathologic consequences of infection are well established, the mechanism(s) of chlamydia-induced tissue damage are not fully understood (Darville and Hiltke, 2010).
4. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Chlamydia infects humans and there are established animal models in mice and guinea pigs (Darville and Hiltke, 2010).
5. Host Protective Immunity
Mouse and guinea pig models show that the response to primary chlamydial in fection occurs within 1–2 days of infection and is characterized by mucosal infiltration with neutrophils and modest numbers of monocytes. Neutrophils are recruited in large numbers to the site of infection and are capable of killing accessible elementary bodies. Later, T cells accumulate at the site of chlamydial infection and play a critical role in controlling the infection (Darville and Hiltke, 2010).
>AAA23141.1 major outer membrane protein [Chlamydia trachomatis]
MKKLLKSVLVFAALSSASSLQALPVGNPAEPSLMIDGILWEGFGGDPCDPCTTWCDAISMRMGYYGDFVF
DRVLKTDVNKEFQMGAAPTTRDVAGLEKDPVVNVARPNPAYGKHMQDAEMFTNAAYMALNIWDRFDVFCT
LGATTGYLKGNSASFNLVGLFGTKTQSSGFDTANIVPNTALNQAVVELYTDTTFAWSVGARAALWECGCA
TLGASFQYAQSKPKVEELNVLCNASEFTINKPKGYVGAEFPLDITAGTEAATGTKDASIDYHEWQASLAL
SYRLNMFTPYIGVKWSRVSFDADTIRIAQPKLAKPVLDTTTLNPTIAGKGTVVSSAENELADTMQIVSLQ
LNKMKSRKSCGIAVGTTIVDADKYAVTVETRLIDERAAHVNAQFRF
Molecule Role :
Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation :
Ct MOMP multi-epitope delivered by HBcAg could be an effective vaccine for the prevention of Ct. In this study, another two epitopes were selected from the MOMP protein and tandemly linked with MOMP370-387 to enhance the immunogenicity and the protective effect of the candidate vaccine.Both the immunogenicity and the protective effect of the tandem Ct MOMP multi-epitopes were much better than that of the single epitope. Therefore, vaccines based on the tandem Ct MOMP multi-epitopes could be more effective immune prophylactics to prevent Ct infection than the single epitope in murine model system.(Jiang et al., 2017)
Efficacy:
A good level of protection against C. trachomatis genital infection was observed in the immunized group. This group had no or only mild macroscopic lesions in comparison with the control group. The infection was mainly localized in the lower genital tract while in the placebo-primed group, C. trachomatis was spread throughout the lower and upper genital tract. The scores for chlamydial presence were significantly higher for the corpus uteri, the uterine tubes and the oviducts of the control group. No replication was detected outside the urogenital tract, which is in accordance with the literature. Induction of immune mechanisms that limited infection and replication also resulted in a decreased shedding by the vaccinated pigs in comparison with the control ones. Significant differences were seen at some time points from 10 days post infection until euthanasia (Schautteet et al., 2011).
A multisubunit vaccine candidate co-expressing the serovar D-derived Porin B and polymorphic membrane protein-D proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis (Eko et al., 2011; Chen et al., 1998).
f. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
g.
Mouse Response
Vaccination Protocol:
Mice were immunized with rVCG constructs (Eko et al., 2011).
Vaccine Immune Response Type:
VO_0003057
Efficacy:
All vaccinated mice responded with a significant rise in vibriocidal antibody titer, the surrogate marker for protection in cholera (Eko et al., 2011).
A bivalent combination vaccine formulation comprising rVCG expressing chlamydial MOMP and HSV-2 glycoprotein D (Macmillan et al., 2007).
f. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
g.
Mouse Response
Vaccination Protocol:
Mice were immunized with the combination vaccine that elicited secretory IgA and IgG2a antibodies to both chlamydial and HSV-2 antigens in serum and vaginal secretions (Macmillan et al., 2007).
Vaccine Immune Response Type:
VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol:
Immunized mice then experienced a genital challenge with high doses of live Chlamydia and HSV-2 (Macmillan et al., 2007).
Efficacy:
Mice immunized with the combination vaccine were prophylactically protected (Macmillan et al., 2007).
Lipidic amino acid-based synthetic peptides derived from the variable domains (VD) of Chlamydia trachomatis outer membrane protein 1 (Zhong et al., 1993).
Vaccination Protocol:
50 μg of peptide was injected subcutaneously with NAGO in PBS into the tail base, and was repeated at 14 day intervals (Zhong et al., 1993).
Immune Response:
NAGO elicited an antibody response similar to that in mice immunized with CFA (Zhong et al., 1993).
IV. References
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