VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. 1D (Protective antigen)
2. 1D (Protective antigen)
3. 1D (Protective antigen)
4. 2A (Protective antigen)
5. 3C (Protective antigen)
6. 3D (Protective antigen)
7. FMDV A12 genome (Protective antigen)
8. GM-CSF (Protective antigen)
9. P1 (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Related Host Genes
1. IL1B
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

12110

2. Disease:

Foot-and-mouth disease

3. Introduction

Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease (Aphtae epizooticae) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids. The virus causes a high fever for two or three days, followed by blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness. Foot-and-mouth disease is a severe plague for animal farming, since it is highly infectious and can be spread by infected animals through aerosols, through contact with contaminated farming equipment, vehicles, clothing or feed, and by domestic and wild predators. Its containment demands considerable efforts in vaccination, strict monitoring, trade restrictions and quarantines, and occasionally the elimination of millions of animals.
Susceptible animals include cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, antelope, deer, and bison. It has also been known to infect hedgehogs and elephants, and llama and alpaca may develop mild symptoms, but are resistant to the disease and do not pass it on to others of the same species. In laboratory experiments, mice and rats and chickens have been successfully infected by artificial means, but it is not believed that they would contract the disease under natural conditions.Humans are very rarely affected.
The virus responsible for the disease is a picornavirus, the prototypic member of the genus Aphthovirus. Infection occurs when the virus particle is taken into a cell of the host. The cell is then forced to manufacture thousands of copies of the virus, and eventually bursts, releasing the new particles in the blood. The virus is highly variable,which limits the effectiveness of vaccination (Wiki: Foot and mouth disease).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. 1D

Gene Name : 1D
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type Asia 1
NCBI Protein GI : 148800633
Other Database IDs : CDD:301302
CDD:119412
Taxonomy ID : 110195
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : 1D protein
Protein pI : 9.49
Protein Weight : 22686.12
Protein Length : 293
Protein Note : Picornavirus capsid protein domain_like. Picornaviruses are non-enveloped plus-strand ssRNA animal viruses with icosahedral capsids composed of 60 copies each of 4 virus encoded proteins; alignment includes picornaviridae, like poliovirus, hepatitis A...; cl13999

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>ABR13034.1 1D protein, partial [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type Asia 1]
TTTTGESADPVTTTVENYGGETQTARRLHTDVAFVLDRFVKLTAPKNIQTLDLMQIPSHTLVGALLRSAT
YYFSDLEVAIVHTGPITWVPNGSPKDALDNQTNPTAYQKQPVTRLALPYTAPHRVLATVYNGKTTYGETT
ARRGDMAALAQRLSGRLPTSFNYGAVKAETITELLFRMKRAETYCPRPLLALDTTQDRRKQEIIAPEKQM
M

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Cationic Microparticle-coated DNA Vaccine , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus DNA Vaccine pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990

2. 1D

Gene Name : 1D
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O
NCBI Protein GI : 56675803
Other Database IDs : GOA:Q9DJ81
InterPro: IPR004080
UniProtKB/TrEMBL: Q9DJ81
Taxonomy ID : 12118
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : VP1
Protein pI : 10.73
Protein Weight : 6939.818
Protein Length : 126

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>CAC22182.2 VP1, partial [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O]
KAERALPTSFNYGAIKATRVTELLYRXKRAEXXXPRPXXAXHPSEARHKQKIVAPVXQX

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus DNA Vaccine pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990

3. 1D

Gene Name : 1D
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A
NCBI Protein GI : 13399192
Other Database IDs : CDD:301302
CDD:119412
GOA:Q98VZ6
InterPro: IPR001676
InterPro: IPR004080
UniProtKB/TrEMBL: Q98VZ6
Taxonomy ID : 12111
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : VP1
Protein pI : 9.7
Protein Weight : 22399.68
Protein Length : 283
Protein Note : Picornavirus capsid protein domain_like. Picornaviruses are non-enveloped plus-strand ssRNA animal viruses with icosahedral capsids composed of 60 copies each of 4 virus encoded proteins; alignment includes picornaviridae, like poliovirus, hepatitis A...; cl13999

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>CAC34727.1 VP1, partial [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A]
TTATGESADPVTTTVENYGGETQVQRRHHTDIGFIMDRFVRIKNVSQTHVIDLMQTHQHGLVGALLRAAT
YYFSDLEIVVKHDGNLTWVPNGAPESALSNTSNPTVYNKAPFTRLALPYTAPHRVLATVYNGTSKYAVGG
SARRGDMGSLAARVARQLPSSFNYGAIKAENIHELLVRMKRAELYCPRPLLAIEVSSQDRHKQKIIAPAK
QLL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus DNA Vaccine pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990

4. 2A

Gene Name : 2A
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O
NCBI Protein GI : 25121634
Taxonomy ID : 12118
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : 2A
Protein pI : 3.88
Protein Weight : 2245.32
Protein Length : 76
Protein Note : isolated from vesicular fluid of animals inoculated with field derived material in April 1997

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740461.1 2A [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O]
LLNFDLLKLAGDVESNPG

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

5. 3C

Gene Name : 3C
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O
NCBI Protein GI : 25121639
Other Database IDs : CDD:201298
Taxonomy ID : 12118
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : 3C
Protein pI : 8.06
Protein Weight : 21623.2
Protein Length : 274
Protein Note : isolated from vesicular fluid of animals inoculated with field derived material in April 1997

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740466.1 3C [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O]
SGAPPTDLQKMVMGNTKPVELILDGKTVAICCATGVFGTAYLVPRHLFAEKYDKIMLDGRALTDSDYRVF
EFEIKVKGQDMLSDAALMVLHRGNRVRDITKHFRDVARMKKGTPVVGVINNADVGRLIFSGEALTYKDIV
VCMDGDTMPGLFAYRASTKAGYCGGAVLAKDGAETFIVGTHSAGGNGIGYCSCVSRSMLLKMKAHIDPEP
HHE

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

6. 3D

Gene Name : 3D
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O
NCBI Protein GI : 25121640
Other Database IDs : CDD:73158
Taxonomy ID : 12118
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : 3D
Protein pI : 6.09
Protein Weight : 49457.15
Protein Length : 534
Protein Note : isolated from vesicular fluid of animals inoculated with field derived material in April 1997

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_740467.1 3D [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O]
GLIVDTRDVEERVHVMRKTKLAPTVAHGVFNPEFGPAALSNKDPRLNEGVVLDDVIFSKHKGDTRMSEED
KALFRRCAADYASRLHSVLGTANAPLSVYEAIKGVDGLDAMEPDTAPGLPWALQGKRRGALIDFENGTVG
PEVEAALKLMESREYKFVCQTFLKDEIRPLEKVRAGKTRIVDVLPVEHILYTRMMIGRFCAQMHSNNGPQ
IGSAVGCNPDVDWQRFGTHFAQYKNVWDVDYSAFDANHCSDAMNIMFEEVFRTEFGFHPNAEWILKTLVN
TEHAYENKRIVVEGGMPSGCSATSIINTILNNIYVLYALRRHYEGVELDTYTMISYGDDIVVASDYDLDF
EALKPHFKSLGQTITPADKSDKGFVLGHSITDVTFLKRHFHMDYGTGFYKPVMASKTLEAILSFARRGTI
QEKLISVAGLAVHSGPDEYRRLFEPFQGLFEIPSYRSLYLRWVNAVCGDA

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

7. FMDV A12 genome

Gene Name : FMDV A12 genome
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A strain A12-119
NCBI Nucleotide GI : 46810760
NCBI Protein GI : 46810761
Other Database IDs : CDD:283147
CDD:286076
CDD:278501
CDD:119412
CDD:301302
CDD:279280
CDD:278947
CDD:279070
CDD:238843
Taxonomy ID : 12111
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : polyprotein
Protein pI : 6.78
Protein Weight : 242060.45
Protein Length : 2432
Protein Note : Plum Island Animal Disease Center Virus Collection, isolated 1932, vaccine

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAT01695.1 polyprotein [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A]
MNTTNCFIALVHAIREIRAFFLSRATGKMEFTLYNGERKTFYSRPNNHDNCWLNTILQLFRYVDEPFFDW
VYNSPENLTLAAIKQLEELTGLELHEGGPPALVIWNIKHLLQTGIGTASRPSEVCMVDGTDMCLADFHAG
IFLKGQEHAVFACVTSNGWYAIDDEDFYPWTPDPSDVLVFVPYDQEPLNGGWKANVQRKLKGAGQSSPAT
GSQNQSGNTGSIINNYYMQQYQNSMDTQLGDNAISGGSNEGSTDTTSTHTTNTQNNDWFSKLASSAFTGL
FGALLADKKTEETTLLEDRILTTRNGHTTSTTQSSVGVTYGYSTEEDHVAGPNTSGLETRVVQAERFFKK
FLFDWTTDKPFGHLEKLELPTDHHGVFGHLVDSYAYMRNGWDVEVSAVGNQFNGGCLLVAMVPEWKEFDK
REKYQLTLFPHQFISPRTNMTAHITVPYLGVNRYDQYKKHKPWTLVIMVVSPLTVSNTAATQIKVYANIA
PTYVHVAGELPSKEGIFPVACSDGYGGLVTTDPKTADPVYGKVYNPPRTNYPGRFTNLLDVAEACPTFLC
FDDGKPYVVTRTDDTRLLAKFDVSLAAKHMSNTYLSGIAQYYTQYSGTINLHFMFTGSTDSKARYMVAYI
PPGVETPPETPEGAAHCIHAEWDTGLNSKFTFSIPYVSAADYAYTASDTAETTNVQGWVCIYQITHGKAE
GDTLVVSASAGKDFELRLPIDPRSQTTATGESADPVTTTVENYGGETQVQRRHHTDVSFIMDRFVKIKSL
NPTHVIDLMQTHQHGLVGALLRAATYYFSDLEIVVRHDGNLTWVPNGAPEAALSNTGNPTAYNKAPFTRL
ALPYTAPHRVLATVYNGTNKYSASGSGVRGDSGSLAPRVARQLPASFNYGAIKAETIHELLVRMKRAELY
CPRPLLAIEVSSQDRHKQKIIAPGKQLLNFDLLKLAGDVESNPGPFFFADVRSNFSKLVDTINQMQEDMS
TKHGPDFNRLVSAFEELATGVKAIRTGLDEAKPWYKLIKLLSRLSCMAAVAARSKDPVLVAIMLADTGLE
ILDSTFVVKKISDSLSSLFHVPAPVFSFGAPVLLAGLVKVASSFFRSTPEDLERAEKQLKARDINDIFAI
LKNGEWLVKLILAIRDWIKAWIASEEKFVTTTDLVPGILEKQRDLNDPSKYKEAKEWLDNARQACLKSGN
VHIANLCKVVAPAPSKSRPEPVVVCLRGKSGQGKSFLANVLAQAISTHFTGRTDSVWYCPPDPDHFDGYN
QQTVVVMDDLGQNPDGKDFKYFAQMVSTTGFIPPMASLEDKGKPFNSKVIIATTNLYSGFTPRTMVCPDA
LNRRFHFDIDVSAKDGYKINNKLDIIKALEDTHTNPVAMFQYDCALLNGMAVEMKRMQQDMFKPQPPLQN
VYQLVQEVIERVELHEKVSSHPIFKQISIPSQKSVLYFLIEKGQHEAAIEFFEGMVHDSIKEELRPLIQQ
TSFVKRAFKRLKENFEIVALCLTLLANIVIMIRETRKRQKMVDDAVNEYIEKANITTDDTTLDEAEKNPL
ETSGASTVGFRERTLTGQRACNDVNSEPARPAEEQPQAEGPYTGPLERQRPLKVRAKLPQQEGPYAGPLE
RQKPLKVKAKAPVVKEGPYEGPVKKPVALKVKAKNLIVTESGAPPTDLQKMVMGNTKPVELILDGKTVAI
CCATGVFGTAYLVPRHLFAEKYDKIMLDGRAMTDSDYRVFEFEIKVKGQDMLSDAALMVLHRGNRVRDIT
KHFRDTARMKKGTPVVGVVNNADVGRLIFSGEALTYKDIVVCMDGDTMPGLFAYKAATKAGYCGGAVLAK
DGADTFIVGTHSAGGNGVGYCSCVSRSMLLRMKAHVDPEPHHEGLIVDTRDVEERVHVMRKTKLAPTVAH
GVFNPEFGPAALSNKDPRLNEGVVLDEVIFSKHKGDTKMSAEDKALFRRCAADYASRLHSVLGTANAPLS
IYEAIKGVDGLDAMESDTAPGLPWAFQGKRRGALIDFENGTVGPEVEAALKLMEKREYKFACQTFLKDEI
RPMEKVRAGKTRIVDVLPVEHILYTRMMIGRFCAQMHSNNGPQIGSAVGCNPDVDWQRFGTHFAQYRNVW
DVDYSAFDANHCSDAMNIMFEEVFRTDFGFHPNAEWILKTLVNTEHAYENKRITVEGGMPSGCSATSIIN
TILNNIYVLYALRRHYEGVELDTYTMISYGDDIVVASDYDLDFEALKPHFKSLGQTITPADKSDKGFVLG
HSITDVTFLKRHFHIDYGTGFYKPVMASKTLEAILSFARRGTIQEKLTSVAGLAVHSGPDEYRRLFEPFQ
GLFEIPSYRSLYLRWVNAVCGDA

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): Foot and mouth disease DNA vaccine pWRMHX encoding a minimal self-cleaving ribozyme

8. GM-CSF

Gene Name : GM-CSF
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Equus caballus
NCBI Gene ID : 100033981
NCBI Protein GI : 126352688
Genbank Accession : AAWR02002535
Protein Accession : NP_001075351
Taxonomy ID : 9796
Chromosome No : 14
Gene Starting Position : 43467198
Gene Ending Position : 43469566
Gene Strand (Orientation) : -
Protein Name : granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor
Protein pI : 8.33
Protein Weight : 16477.85
Protein Length : 152

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|194246362:43467198-43469566 Equus caballus breed thoroughbred chromosome 14, EquCab2.0, whole genome shotgun sequence
TTTTTAATAATTTATTCTAATGGTAAAACATCTTGAATAAATATGGAGTATGAGCTTAAATAAATAAATA
AATAAATATTAAAATACATAAATATATAAATAAATATTACTGATCCCCGCCAGTGTAAAATATCCCCTAC
TCCCCTACCACACCCATATCGTGGTCAGTACGGCCCAGAGCAAGTCCATGTTCTCAACAGCCATGGCCCA
CCCTTTGGTCCCTCCAAGCTGAAGATCCTGAGTTTCGGTTCTTTGTGAGTGGGACAGCAGCAATCTGTGA
GGTGAGCTCCCAGGGCTAGCTCCTAGCTGGAAGGCCTGCCTTACTTCTGGGCTGGCTCCAGCAGTCAAAC
GGGATCTCAAACAGAAAATCCTTCAGGTTCTTTTTGAAACTTTTGAAGGTGATCATCTGGGTTGCACAGG
AAGTTTCCTTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAAGAAAACTTGAGTCCAGACGTGAGTGGGTAACATGGGGGAAGT
ACCAGCATGTTTTCTGTGCTGCCTCTTAGAACTAAGAGGCCAGAAGGCCCTTCTGGGGTCCTCCTGCTGA
CCTGGGTCAGGTAACATGTTGCTACCCATGTGCCACTCAAAGGGTGCACAGCTCTGCCAGAGTCAAGGGC
CTGACAAAATGCCAGCCTGAGGCTGATTGGCTGGGCACTTGGGCCACCGCCTCTTTGGTCCCAGGCCAGG
TTGAGGCTCCTCCCGGATCCCAAAAGGGGCAGGAGTCAAGGCCACACACCTCCCTCCCTTCCCATAGGAA
AGGAATGTTTGGGGCCTTTGTCCATTCCGGGTATGCTCCCCTCCTTGCTCCCATGCAATCCAGCACCCAC
AAGGGGCAAGAAGAAAATCCTGTCGGGAGGTAGCACTTGGGCCCCAGAACTTCCTCTGGATCTTAGGCAG
GCCCTGAGTTTTCTTGGGTTTGCCTCACCTCTGACTTCATTAATGACAACAATGATAATGAGAATGGTAG
CAGCTCCCGCTAGGGAGCGCTGTAGGCTCCTGAGCTCCGTAGCTTTAACTCCTAGAGCTGAAAAAGGGCT
GGACTGCTCCCTCTCGGGAAAAGCTAATCATTACAAATCTGTTAAGACAGAAACCCCTTGGGATCCTGAA
CAGCCACAGCCAAAGGTCTCTCCCTACCCAGTCCTCCACTCTCCTAGACTGAGACCTTCCCGCTTGGGGT
CCAAATGTGGGCACTCACCAGGGTGGGGGGGCAGTGCTGCTTGTAGTGGCTGGCCATCATGGTCAAGGGG
CCTTCGAGCTTGATGAGGCTGCCCCGCAAGCCCTGTTTGTACAGCTTCAGGCGAGTCTGCAGGCATGTCA
GCTCCTGTGGGAAACGTCCGTTTCTTGGTAAGCAGTGGCCAAGTGCCCTTCGGTGGGCACAGGACACCTT
CCTTATCATTCTTTCCTGTTCTCATCTCTGTCCTCCACCAGTAGGGCCTGGGAGGGGCACTTGATTCCTG
ACTAGTCTCAGGCTGGGTCCAGTCCCACGTACTACCCTGTCTCCCTGTCCACTGCAGGCATGAGTCTGAC
TCCTTCTCGCCGTTCAGCTCAGGCCACCCTCAGCCAACACAGTCACATTCCCTTGGTCTGGCATCTCAAG
AAGGTCCCAGCCCCCAGGAAATGAGGTCACTATCCCCAAACCATTCAGGGAGAAAGGAACGGGGCGGGAC
ATCACTTGGACTTGCTCTGTGAGTAAGGCTTGTTCCTGAAACCCCTCTGTGCCCCTCCGTAGCCAGCACT
GTGTCTCCACAGAGCTCACTTTCAGGGCACATCGAGTGCCCCAACTCCATAGCCCCTGTCTCACGAAGTA
ACTTCCGCTTAGTCAACTGTTCTCTGGTCACCCCTGACCCCTTGAATGCTAGGTCTGTCCATGGCTGCTC
AGCTAATAAAGGAGTTCACATGATTGCCACAGGGGCAAGGCCAGTGGTCTCCTGGGCACTCCTTCTGACA
GCCTGCTGACTGGAGAGAAAGTGGACAACCCTGTGAGGGTCCTTCTAAAATGGAGCCACCCCCTAAGGCA
GAGGCCTCTGGGAAAGTGTGTCAGAGAGAAGCATCTTACCTCGGCGTCAAACGTTTCAGAGACGACTTCT
ACTGTTTCATTCTGTAGAAAGGGAAAATGTCATGTTATCAAACTGACAGGCAGGGCCAGTCGGGGCCAGC
AAGGTGGCCCAGGCACAGCCCGTGCTCCCTCCCTCACTCACCATGATAGCAGCAGTGTCACTACTGTTGT
TCAGAAGGCTCAGGGCCTCCTTGATGGCATCCACATGCTGCCAGGGCCGAGTGACAGGGCTGGGTTGGCG
GGTGGGTGCGGGCATGCTGTAAACCACAGTGCCCAGAAGAAGCAGGTTCTGCAGCCACA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|126352688|ref|NP_001075351.1| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor precursor [Equus caballus]
MWLQNLLLLGTVVYSMPAPTRQPSPVTRPWQHVDAIKEALSLLNNSSDTAAIMNETVEVVSETFDAEELT
CLQTRLKLYKQGLRGSLIKLEGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTLETSCATQMITFKSFKKNLKDFLFEIPFDCWN
QPRSKAGLPARS

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

9. P1

Gene Name : P1
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O
NCBI Protein GI : 15419537
Other Database IDs : CDD:286076
CDD:278501
CDD:119412
CDD:301302
Taxonomy ID : 12118
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : polyprotein P1
Protein pI : 6.71
Protein Weight : 75741.482
Protein Length : 824
Protein Note : isolated from a field outbreak in 1979

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAK97050.1 polyprotein P1, partial [Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O]
GAGQSSPATGSQNQSGNTGSIINNYYMQQYQNSMDTQLGDNAISGGSNEGSTDTTSTHTTNTQNNDWFSK
LASSAFSGLFGALLADKKTEETTLLEDRILTTRNGHTTSTTQSSVGVTYGYATAEDFVRGPNTSGLETRV
IQAERFFKTHLFDWVTSDSFGRCHLLELPTDHKGVYGSLTDSYAYMRNGWDVEVTAVGNQFNGGCLLVAM
VPELCSIQKRELYQLTLFPHQFINPRTNLTAHITVPFIGVNRYDQYXVHKPWTLVVMVVAPLTVNTEGAP
QIKVYANIAPTNVHVAGEFPSKEGIFPVACSDGYGGLVTTDPKTADPAYGKVFNPPRNMLPGRFTNFLDV
AEACPTFLRFEGGVPYVTSKTESDRVLTRFDLSLAAKHMSNTFLAGLAQYYTQYSGTINLHFMFTGPTDA
KARYMIAYAPPGMEPPKTPEAAAHCIHAEWDTGLNSKLTFSIPYLSAADYAYTASDTAETTNVQGWVCLF
QITHGKADGDALVVLASAGKDFEVRLPVDARTQTTSAGESADPVTATVENYGGETQVQRRQHTDVSFILD
RFVKVTPEDQINVLDLMQTPAHTLVGALLRTATYYFADLEVAVKHEGNLTWVPNGAPETALDNTTNPTAY
HKAPLTRLALPYTAPHRVLATVYNGNCRYGESTVTNVRGDLQVLAQKAARTLPTSFNYGAIKATRVIELL
YRMKRAETYCPRPLLAIHPNEARHKQKIVAPVKQLL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Related Vaccine(s): FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

III. Vaccine Related Host Genes

1. IL1B

Gene Name : IL1B
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Homo sapiens
NCBI Gene ID : 3553
NCBI Protein GI : 10835145
Genbank Accession : AC079753
Protein Accession : NP_000567
Taxonomy ID : 9606
Chromosome No : 2
Gene Starting Position : 5000
Gene Ending Position : 12019
Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
Protein Name : interleukin 1, beta
Protein pI : 4.45
Protein Weight : 29060.74
Protein Length : 269
Protein Note : Also known as IL-1; IL1F2; IL1-BETA

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|210032106:5000-12019 Homo sapiens interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), RefSeqGene on chromosome 2
TACCAAACCTCTTCGAGGCACAAGGCACAACAGGCTGCTCTGGGATTCTCTTCAGCCAATCTTCATTGCT
CAAGTATGACTTTAATCTTCCTTACAACTAGGTGCTAAGGGAGTCTCTCTGTCTCTCTGCCTCTTTGTGT
GTATGCATATTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTTTCTTTCTCTGTCTCTCCCTCTCCTTCCCTCTCTGCCTCCCTC
TCTCAGCTTTTTGCAAAAATGCCAGGTGTAATATAATGCTTATGACTCGGGAAATATTCTGGGAATGGAT
ACTGCTTATCTAACAGCTGACACCCTAAAGGTTAGTGTCAAAGCCTCTGCTCCAGCTCTCCTAGCCAATA
CATTGCTAGTTGGGGTTTGGTTTAGCAAATGCTTTTCTCTAGACCCAAAGGACTTCTCTTTCACACATTC
ATTCATTTACTCAGAGATCATTTCTTTGCATGACTGCCATGCACTGGATGCTGAGAGAAATCACACATGA
ACGTAGCCGTCATGGGGAAGTCACTCATTTTCTCCTTTTTACACAGGTGTCTGAAGCAGCCATGGCAGAA
GTACCTGAGCTCGCCAGTGAAATGATGGCTTATTACAGGTCAGTGGAGACGCTGAGACCAGTAACATGAG
CAGGTCTCCTCTTTCAAGAGTAGAGTGTTATCTGTGCTTGGAGACCAGATTTTTCCCCTAAATTGCCTCT
TTCAGTGGCAAACAGGGTGCCAAGTAAATCTGATTTAAAGACTACTTTCCCATTACAAGTCCCTCCAGCC
TTGGGACCTGGAGGCTATCCAGATGTGTTGTTGCAAGGGCTTCCTGCAGAGGCAAATGGGGAGAAAAGAC
TCCAAGCCCACAATACAAGGAATCCCTTTGCAAAGTGTGGCTTGGAGGGAGAGGGAGAGCTCAGATTTTA
GCTGACTCTGCTGGGCTAGAGGTTAGGCCTCAAGATCCAACAGGGAGCACCCAGGGTGCCCACCTGCCAG
GCCTAGAATCTGCCTTCTGGACTGTTCTGCGCATATCACTGTGAAACTTGCCAGGTGTTTCAGGCAGCTT
TGAGAGGCAGGCTGTTTGCAGTTTCTTATGAACAGTCAAGTCTTGTACACAGGGAAGGAAAAATAAACCT
GTTTAGAAGACATAATTGAGACATGTCCCTGTTTTTATTACAGTGGCAATGAGGATGACTTGTTCTTTGA
AGCTGATGGCCCTAAACAGATGAAGGTAAGACTATGGGTTTAACTCCCAACCCAAGGAAGGGCTCTAACA
CAGGGAAAGCTCAAAGAAGGGAGTTCTGGGCCACTTTGATGCCATGGTATTTTGTTTTAGAAAGACTTTA
ACCTCTTCCAGTGAGACACAGGCTGCACCACTTGCTGACCTGGCCACTTGGTCATCATATCACCACAGTC
ACTCACTAACGTTGGTGGTGGTGGCCACACTTGGTGGTGACAGGGGAGGAGTAGTGATAATGTTTCCCAT
TTCATAGTAGGAAGACAACCAAGTCTTCAACATAAATTTGATTATCCTTTTAAGAGATGGATTCAGCCTA
TGCCAATCACTTGAGTTAAACTCTGAAACCAAGAGATGATCTTGAGAACTAACATATGTCTACCCCTTTT
GAGTAGAATAGTTTTTTGCTACCTGGGGTGAAGCTTATAACAACAAGACATAGATGATATAAACAAAAAG
ATGAATTGAGACTTGAAAGAAAACCATTCACTTGCTGTTTGACCTTGACAAGTCATTTTACCCGCTTTGG
ACCTCATCTGAAAAATAAAGGGCTGAGCTGGATGATCTCTGAGATTCCAGCATCCTGCAACCTCCAGTTC
TGAAATATTTTCAGTTGTAGCTAAGGGCATTTGGGCAGCAAATGGTCATTTTTCAGACTCATCCTTACAA
AGAGCCATGTTATATTCCTGCTGTCCCTTCTGTTTTATATGATGCTCAGTAGCCTTCCTAGGTGGCCCAG
CCATCAGCCTAGCTAGGTCAGTTGTGCAGGTTGGGAGGCAGCCACTTTTCTCTGGCTTTATTTTATTCCA
GTTTGTGATAGCCTCCCCTAGCCTCATAATCCAGTCCTCAATCTTGTTAAAAACATATTTCTTTAGAAGT
TTTAAGACTGGCATAACTTGTTGGCTGCAGCTGTGGGAGGAGCCCATTGGCTTGTCTGCCTGGCCTTTGC
CCCCATTGCCTCTTCCAGCAGCTTGGCTCTGCTCCAGGCAGGAAATTCTCTCCTGCTCAACTTTCTTTTG
TGCACTTACAGGTCTCTTTAACTGTCTTTCAAGCCTTTGAACCATTATCATGCCTTAAGGCAACCTCAGT
GAAGCCTTAATACGGAGCTTCTCTGAATAAGAGGAAAGTGGTAACATTTCACAAAAAGTACTCTCACAGG
ATTTGCAGAATGCCTATGAGACAGTGTTATGAAAAAGGAAAAAAAAGAACAGTGTAGAAAAATTGAATAC
TTGCTGAGTGAGCATAGGTGAATGGAAAATGTTATGGTCATCTGCATGAAAAAGCAAATCATAGTGTGAC
AGCATTAGGGATACAAAAAGATATAGAGAAGGTATACATGTATGGTGTAGGTGGGGCATGTACAAAAAAG
ATGAACAAAGTAGAAATGGGATTTATTCTAAAAGAATAGCCTGTAAGGTGTCAGAAAGCCCACATTCTAG
TCTTGAGTCTGCCTCTAACCTGCTGTGTGCCCTTGAGTACACACTTAACCTCCTTGAGCTTCAGAGAGGG
ATAATCTTTTTATTTTATTTTATTTTATTTTGTTTTGTTTTGTTTTGTTTTGTTTTATGAGACAGAGTCT
CACTCTGTTGCCCAGGCTGGAGTGCAGTGGTACAATCTTGGCTTACTGCATCCTCCACCTCCTGAGTTCA
AGCGATTCTCCTTCCTCAGTCTCCTGAATAGCTAGGATTACAGGTGCACCCCACCACACCCAGCTAATTT
TTGTATTTTTAGTAGAGAAGGGGTTTCGCCATGTTGGCCAGGCTGGTTTTGAAGTCCTGACCTAAATGAT
TCATCCACCTCGGCTTCCCAAAGTGCTGGGATTACAGGCATGAGCCACCACGCCTGGCCCAGAGAGGGAT
GATCTTTAGAAGCTCGGGATTCTTTCAAGCCCTTTCCTCCTCTCTGAGCTTTCTACTCTCTGATGTCAAA
GCATGGTTCCTGGCAGGACCACCTCACCAGGCTCCCTCCCTCGCTCTCTCCGCAGTGCTCCTTCCAGGAC
CTGGACCTCTGCCCTCTGGATGGCGGCATCCAGCTACGAATCTCCGACCACCACTACAGCAAGGGCTTCA
GGCAGGCCGCGTCAGTTGTTGTGGCCATGGACAAGCTGAGGAAGATGCTGGTTCCCTGCCCACAGACCTT
CCAGGAGAATGACCTGAGCACCTTCTTTCCCTTCATCTTTGAAGAAGGTAGTTAGCCAAGAGCAGGCAGT
AGATCTCCACTTGTGTCCTCTTGGAAGTCATCAAGCCCCAGCCAACTCAATTCCCCCAGAGCCAAAGCCC
TTTAAAGGTAGAAGGCCCAGCGGGGAGACAAAACAAAGAAGGCTGGAAACCAAAGCAATCATCTCTTTAG
TGGAAACTATTCTTAAAGAAGATCTTGATGGCTACTGACATTTGCAACTCCCTCACTCTTTCTCAGGGGC
CTTTCACTTACATTGTCACCAGAGGTTCGTAACCTCCCTGTGGGCTAGTGTTATGACCATCACCATTTTA
CCTAAGTAGCTCTGTTGCTCGGCCACAGTGAGCAGTAATAGACCTGAAGCTGGAACCCATGTCTAATAGT
GTCAGGTCCAGTGTTCTTAGCCACCCCACTCCCAGCTTCATCCCTACTGGTGTTGTCATCAGACTTTGAC
CGTATATGCTCAGGTGTCCTCCAAGAAATCAAATTTTGCCGCCTCGCCTCACGAGGCCTGCCCTTCTGAT
TTTATACCTAAACAACATGTGCTCCACATTTCAGAACCTATCTTCTTCGACACATGGGATAACGAGGCTT
ATGTGCACGATGCACCTGTACGATCACTGAACTGCACGCTCCGGGACTCACAGCAAAAAAGCTTGGTGAT
GTCTGGTCCATATGAACTGAAAGCTCTCCACCTCCAGGGACAGGATATGGAGCAACAAGGTAAATGGAAA
CATCCTGGTTTCCCTGCCTGGCCTCCTGGCAGCTTGCTAATTCTCCATGTTTTAAACAAAGTAGAAAGTT
AATTTAAGGCAAATGATCAACACAAGTGAAAAAAAATATTAAAAAGGAATATACAAACTTTGGTCCTAGA
AATGGCACATTTGATTGCACTGGCCAGTGCATTTGTTAACAGGAGTGTGACCCTGAGAAATTAGACGGCT
CAAGCACTCCCAGGACCATGTCCACCCAAGTCTCTTGGGCATAGTGCAATGTCAATTCTTCCACAATATG
GGGTCATTTGATGGACATGGCCTAACTGCCTGTGGGTTCTCTCTTCCTGTTGTTGAGGCTGAAACAAGAG
TGCTGGAGCGATAATGTGTCCATCCCCCTCCCCAGTCTTCCCCCCTTGCCCCAACATCCGTCCCACCCAA
TGCCAGGTGGTTCCTTGTAGGGAAATTTTACCGCCCAGCAGGAACTTATATCTCTCCGCTGTAACGGGCA
AAAGTTTCAAGTGCGGTGAACCCATCATTAGCTGTGGTGATCTGCCTGGCATCGTGCCACAGTAGCCAAA
GCCTCTGCACAGGAGTGTGGGCAACTAAGGCTGCTGACTTTGAAGGACAGCCTCACTCAGGGGGAAGCTA
TTTGCTCTCAGCCAGGCCAAGAAAATCCTGTTTCTTTGGAATCGGGTAGTAAGAGTGATCCCAGGGCCTC
CAATTGACACTGCTGTGACTGAGGAAGATCAAAATGAGTGTCTCTCTTTGGAGCCACTTTCCCAGCTCAG
CCTCTCCTCTCCCAGTTTCTTCCCATGGGCTACTCTCTGTTCCTGAAACAGTTCTGGTGCCTGATTTCTG
GCAGAAGTACAGCTTCACCTCTTTCCTTTCCTTCCACATTGATCAAGTTGTTCCGCTCCTGTGGATGGGC
ACATTGCCAGCCAGTGACACAATGGCTTCCTTCCTTCCTTCCTTCAGCATTTAAAATGTAGACCCTCTTT
CATTCTCCGTTCCTACTGCTATGAGGCTCTGAGAAACCCTCAGGCCTTTGAGGGGAAACCCTAAATCAAC
AAAATGACCCTGCTATTGTCTGTGAGAAGTCAAGTTATCCTGTGTCTTAGGCCAAGGAACCTCACTGTGG
GTTCCCACAGAGGCTACCAAATTACATGTATCCTACTCATGGGGCCTAGGGGTTGGGGTGACCCTGCACT
GCTGTGTCCCTAACCACAAGACCCCCTTCTTTCTTCAGTGGTGTTCTCCATGTCCTTTGTACAAGGAGAA
GAAAGTAATGACAAAATACCTGTGGCCTTGGGCCTCAAGGAAAAGAATCTGTACCTGTCCTGCGTGTTGA
AAGATGATAAGCCCACTCTACAGCTGGAGGTAAGTGAATGCTATGGAATGAAGCCCTTCTCAGCCTCCTG
CTACCACTTATTCCCAGACAACCACCTTCTCCCCGCCCCCATCCCTAGGAAAAGCTGGGAACAGGTCTAT
TTGACAATTTTGCATTAATGTAAATAAATTTAACATAATTTTTAACTGCGTGCAACCTTCAATCCTGCTG
CAGAAAATTAAATCATTTTGCCGATGTTATTATGTCCTACCATAGTTACAACCCCAACAGATTATATATT
GTTAGGGCTGCTCTCATTTGATAGACACCTTGGGAAATAGATGACTTAAAGGGTCCCATTATCATGTCCA
CTCCACTCCCAAAATTACCACCACTATCACCTCCAGCTTTCTCAGCAAAAGCTTCATTTCCAAGTTGATG
TCATTCTAGGACCATAAGGAAAAATACAATAAAAAGCCCCTGGAAACTAGGTACTTCAAGAAGCTCTAGC
TTAATTTTCACCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAATTCTCACCTACATTATGCTCCTCAGCATTTGGCACTAAGTT
TTAGAAAAGAAGAAGGGCTCTTTTAATAATCACACGGAAAGTTGGGGGCCCAGTTACAACTCAGGAGTCT
GGCTCCTGATCATGTGACCTGCTCGTCAGTTTCCTTTCTGGCCAACCCAAAGAACATCTTTCCCATAGCA
TCTTTGTCCCTTGCCCCACAAAAATTCTTCTTTCTCTTTCGCTGCAGAGTGTAGATCCCAAAAATTACCC
AAAGAAGAAGATGGAAAAGCGATTTGTCTTCAACAAGATAGAAATCAATAACAAGCTGGAATTTGAGTCT
GCCCAGTTCCCCAACTGGTACATCAGCACCTCTCAAGCAGAAAACATGCCCGTCTTCCTGGGAGGGACCA
AAGGCGGCCAGGATATAACTGACTTCACCATGCAATTTGTGTCTTCCTAAAGAGAGCTGTACCCAGAGAG
TCCTGTGCTGAATGTGGACTCAATCCCTAGGGCTGGCAGAAAGGGAACAGAAAGGTTTTTGAGTACGGCT
ATAGCCTGGACTTTCCTGTTGTCTACACCAATGCCCAACTGCCTGCCTTAGGGTAGTGCTAAGAGGATCT
CCTGTCCATCAGCCAGGACAGTCAGCTCTCTCCTTTCAGGGCCAATCCCCAGCCCTTTTGTTGAGCCAGG
CCTCTCTCACCTCTCCTACTCACTTAAAGCCCGCCTGACAGAAACCACGGCCACATTTGGTTCTAAGAAA
CCCTCTGTCATTCGCTCCCACATTCTGATGAGCAACCGCTTCCCTATTTATTTATTTATTTGTTTGTTTG
TTTTATTCATTGGTCTAATTTATTCAAAGGGGGCAAGAAGTAGCAGTGTCTGTAAAAGAGCCTAGTTTTT
AATAGCTATGGAATCAATTCAATTTGGACTGGTGTGCTCTCTTTAAATCAAGTCCTTTAATTAAGACTGA
AAATATATAAGCTCAGATTATTTAAATGGGAATATTTATAAATGAGCAAATATCATACTGTTCAATGGTT
CTGAAATAAACTTCACTGAA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|10835145|ref|NP_000567.1| interleukin-1 beta proprotein [Homo sapiens]
MAEVPELASEMMAYYSGNEDDLFFEADGPKQMKCSFQDLDLCPLDGGIQLRISDHHYSKGFRQAASVVVA
MDKLRKMLVPCPQTFQENDLSTFFPFIFEEEPIFFDTWDNEAYVHDAPVRSLNCTLRDSQQKSLVMSGPY
ELKALHLQGQDMEQQVVFSMSFVQGEESNDKIPVALGLKEKNLYLSCVLKDDKPTLQLESVDPKNYPKKK
MEKRFVFNKIEINNKLEFESAQFPNWYISTSQAENMPVFLGGTKGGQDITDFTMQFVSS

Molecule Role : Vaximmutor

IV. Vaccine Information

1. FMDV DNA Vaccine encoding P1 and non-structural proteins 2A, 3C, and 3D

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004553

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Gene Engineering of P1

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

e. Gene Engineering of 2A

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Gene Engineering of 3C

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Gene Engineering of 3D

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

h. Vector:

pcDNA3.1/P1-2A3C3D (Fowler et al., 2012)

i. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

j. Cattle Response

Vaccination Protocol: Thirty-two cattle of 6–7 months of age were housed separately in six groups of five (vaccinated animals) and one group of two (un-vaccinated controls) within the isolation units at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright. The six groups of vaccinates were immunised as follows: Group 1 with 2 mg PLG-pcDNA3.1/P12A3C3D + 0.4 mg pcDNA3.1/bGM-CSF (DNA + PLG + GMCSF), Group 2 with 2 mg PLG-pcDNA3.1/P12A3C3D + 0.4 mg pcDNA3.1/bGM-CSF + electroporation (DNA + PLG + GMCSF + elec), Group 3 with 2 mg pcDNA3.1/P12A3C3D + 0.4 mg pcDNA3.1/bGM-CSF (DNA + GMCSF), Group 4 with 2 mg pcDNA3.1/P12A3C3D + 0.4 mg pcDNA3.1/bGM-CSF + electroporation (DNA + GMCSF + elec), Group 5 with 2 mg pcDNA3.1/P12A3C3D + electroporation (DNA + elec), and Group 6 with conventional vaccine (Fowler et al., 2012).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Immune Response: All DNA vaccinated cattle generated a detectable neutralising antibody response at 21 days post 1st vaccination (Fowler et al., 2012).
Challenge Protocol: On day 133 post primary vaccination, four cattle in each of vaccination groups 3–6 only were randomly selected, together with two un-vaccinated controls and intradermolingually challenged in two sites with 105 TCID50, 0.1 ml per site, of cattle adapted O1 Lausanne FMDV (Fowler et al., 2012).
Efficacy: Conventionally vaccinated cattle were fully protected from experimental challenge, as determined by absence of generalised disease (Table 2). In addition 6 of the 8 DNA vaccinated cattle in groups 4 and 5 (DNA + GMCSF + elec and DNA + elec) were fully protected despite these DNA vaccinated animals being challenged 91 days after the protein boost (Fowler et al., 2012).

2. Foot and mouth disease DNA vaccine pWRMHX encoding a minimal self-cleaving ribozyme

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004320

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:

Mouse, pig

e. Gene Engineering of FMDV A12 genome

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description: This vaccine encoded the genome of FMDV strain A12 and a minimal self-cleaving ribozyme from hepatitis delta virus (Ward et al., 1997),
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

pWRM (Ward et al., 1997)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Pig Response

Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
Efficacy: Swine inoculated with pWRMHX did not show any signs of disease and produced neutralizing antibodies to FMDV, and 20% of the vaccinated animals were protected from FMDV challenge (Ward et al., 1997).

3. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Cationic Microparticle-coated DNA Vaccine

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004552

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Gene Engineering of 1D

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

e. Vector:

pVAC-1D (Reddy et al., 2012)

f. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

g. Guinea pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Sixty male guinea pigs of 10 weeks of age were divided in to three groups each containing 20 animals. Group I was inoculated with a 10 µg of pVAC- 1D (naked DNA vaccinated group), group II was inoculated with pVAC-1D coated on PLG microparticles (pVAC-1D + PLG group) and group III received PBS. All the animals were inoculated intramuscularly in the gluteal region of the right leg (Reddy et al., 2012).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Immune Response: Immunization with pVAC 1D-PLG elicited significantly enhanced neutralization antibody responses compared to naked DNA vaccine (Reddy et al., 2012).
Efficacy: Microparticles coated plasmid DNA-injected guinea pigs were protected when challenged with FMD virus (Reddy et al., 2012).

4. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus DNA Vaccine pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004551

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Antigen

the FMDV-specific MEG990 gene - 3 VP1 genes (Dar et al., 2012)

e. Gene Engineering of 1D

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Gene Engineering of 1D

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Gene Engineering of 1D

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

h. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

i. Guinea pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Immunization of guinea pigs with the construct at dose rate of 10, 5, 2 and 1 μg per animal was through an intramuscular route (Dar et al., 2012).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Immune Response: Immune responses included significant neutralizing antibody induction at all doses against all serotypes tested as compared to non-immunized controls, and delayed appearance and reduced severity of FMD lesions (Dar et al., 2012).
Challenge Protocol: Viral challenge of guinea pigs was 4 week post-immunization with 1000 GPID(50) of FMDV serotype A (Dar et al., 2012).
Efficacy: Two of six and one of six guinea pigs were completely protected in 10 and 5 μg immunized groups (Dar et al., 2012).

5. Foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine rFMDVΔ3A^87-144

a. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

cDNA clone for FMDV serotype A Indian vaccine strain lacking 58 amino acid residues (87-144 amino acid position) in the carboxy-terminal region of the viral 3A protein. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)

e. Preparation

The rFMDVΔ3A^87-144 viruses were grown in BHK-21 monolayer in roller bottles and harvested after observing complete CPE. The virus supernatant was inactivated with 3 mM BEI for 24 h at room temperature after chloroform clarification. Three back passaging of the inactivated virus in BHK-21 were carried out to ensure the absence of residual infectivity. The inactivated virus was concentrated with PEG as described earlier and purified by cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation to estimate the antigen content in the concentrated suspension by spectrophotometer. The vaccines were formulated by blending the PEG concentrated antigen and MontanideISA-201 VG adjuvant (Seppic, France) by homogenization to have 1.2 μg antigen per dose in 250 μl vaccine. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)

f. Immunization Route

Intradermal injection (i.d.)

g. Description

rFMDVΔ3A^87-144 vaccine induces potent immune response with 100% protective efficacy upon challenge with homologous virus in guinea pigs. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)

h. Guinea pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Thirty-six healthy male guinea pigs of 3 months age were randomly divided into three groups of 12 each. The first group received 1.2 μg of FMDV^WT virus antigen, and the second group received a similar dose of rFMDVΔ3A^87-144 virus antigen. The third group received phosphate-buffered saline to serve as the control. All the three groups received a similar dose of booster injections of respective antigen post 28 days of primary immunization. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)
Immune Response: The FMDV^WT and rFMDVΔ3A^87-144 vaccinated group developed a mean serum titer of 1.38 log10SN50 and 1.35 log10SN50, respectively, on 28 dpv. Further, the serum titer of both the groups increased to 1.87 log10SN50 and 1.70 log10SN50, respectively, by 28 dpb, indicating a potent anamnestic immune response on second exposure with the antigen. Both conventional and the deletion mutant virus vaccine produced a similar immune response with no significant difference (p > 0.05). (Dhanesh et al., 2020)
Challenge Protocol: After 28 days post-booster, all the groups were challenged with 100 GPID50 of guinea pig adapted FMDV^WT in 50-μl volume by intradermal tracking in the left rear footpad. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)
Efficacy: 100% protection was conferred by both vaccines as no systemic infection was noticed in any of the vaccinated animals. (Dhanesh et al., 2020)

V. References

1. Joyappa et al., 2009: Joyappa DH, Kumar CA, Banumathi N, Reddy GR, Suryanarayana VV. Calcium phosphate nanoparticle prepared with foot and mouth disease virus P1-3CD gene construct protects mice and guinea pigs against the challenge virus. Veterinary microbiology. 2009; 139(1-2); 58-66. [PubMed: 19505774].

2. Shao et al., 2005: Shao HJ, Chen L, Su YB. DNA fragment encoding human IL-1beta 163-171 peptide enhances the immune responses elicited in mice by DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. Veterinary research communications. 2005; 29(1); 35-46. [PubMed: 15727290].

3. Wang et al., 2006: Wang F, He XW, Jiang L, Ren D, He Y, Li DA, Sun SH. Enhanced immunogenicity of microencapsulated multiepitope DNA vaccine encoding T and B cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. Vaccine. 2006; 24(12); 2017-2026. [PubMed: 16414158].

4. Ward et al., 1997: Ward G, Rieder E, Mason PW. Plasmid DNA encoding replicating foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes induces antiviral immune responses in swine. Journal of virology. 1997; 71(10); 7442-7447. [PubMed: 9311823].

5. Wiki: Foot and mouth disease: Wiki: Foot and mouth disease [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease]