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Porcine parvovirus

Table of Contents
  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Disease
    3. Introduction
    4. Host Ranges and Animal Models
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. non-structural protein 1 (Protective antigen)
    2. VP1 (Protective antigen)
    3. VP2 (Protective antigen)
  3. Vaccine Information
    1. ERYSENG® PARVO
    2. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4906.20)
    3. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.20)
    4. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.21)
    5. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.22)
    6. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.01)
    7. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.20)
    8. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.21)
    9. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.22)
    10. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.01)
    11. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.20)
    12. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.22)
    13. Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4960.00)
    14. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.22)
    15. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.23)
    16. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.24)
    17. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.22)
    18. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.23)
    19. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.24)
    20. Porcilis® Ery + Parvo + Lepto
    21. Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome-Parvovirus Reproductive Form, Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4P19.20)
    22. ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX
  4. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
10796
2. Disease:
SMEDI, reproductive failure
3. Introduction
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the cause of reproductive failure in swine characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death (SMEDI), generally without outward maternal clinical signs. The virus is ubiquitous throughout the world and is endemic in most swine herds. PPV can also potentiate the effects of infection with porcine circovirus type 2. The most common routes of infection for postnatal and prenatal pigs are oronasal and transplacental. Infection is endemic in most herds, and generally sows are immune. The virus can persist in the environment, as it is themostable and resistant to many common disinfectants. The major and usually only clinical response of PPV infection is maternal reproductive failure, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death and reduced neonatal vitality (Mengeling, 2006).
4. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Pigs
1. non-structural protein 1
  • Gene Name : non-structural protein 1
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine parvovirus
  • NCBI Protein GI : AAS93262
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:255001
    CDD:289218
    CDD:279406
    CDD:288933
  • Taxonomy ID : 10796
  • Protein Name : non-structural protein 1
  • Protein pI : 6.85
  • Protein Weight : 73222.28
  • Protein Length : 731
  • Protein Note : Rep protein catalytic domain like; pfam08724
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >AAS93262.1 non-structural protein 1 [Porcine parvovirus]
    MAAGNTYSEEVLKATDWLQDNAQKEAFSYVFKTQKVNLNGKEIAWNNYNKDTTDAEMINLQRGAETSWDQ
    ATDMEWESEIDSLTKRQVLIFDSLVKKCLFEGILQKNLSPSDCYWFIQHEHGQDTGYHCHVLLGGKGLQQ
    AMGKWFRKQLNNLWSRWLIMQCKVPLTPVERIKLRELAEDGEWVSLLTYTHKQTKKQYTKMTHFGNMIAY
    YFLNKKRKTTEREHGYYLSSDSGFMTNFLKEGERHLVSHLFTEANKPETVETTVTTAQEAKRGRIQTKKE
    VSIKCTIRDLVNKGCTSIEDWMMTDPDSYIEMMAQTGGENLIKNTLEITTLTLARTKTAYDLILEKAKPS
    MLPTFNISNTRTCKIFSMHNWNYIKVCHAITCVLNRQGGKRNTILFHGPASTGKSIIAQHIANLVGNVGC
    YNAANVNFPFNDCTNKNLIWIEEAGNFSNQVNQFKAICSGQTIRIDQKGKGSKQIEPTPVIMTTNEDITK
    VRVGCEERPEHTQPIRDRMLNINLTRKLPGDFGLLEETEWPLICAWLVKKGYQATMASYMHHWGNVPDWS
    EKWEEPKMQTPINTPTDSQISTSVKTSPADNNYAATPIQEDLDLALALEPWSEPTTPTFTNLHLTPTPPD
    SAIRTPSPTWSEIETDIRACFGENCAPTTNLE
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : (Qi and Cui, 2009)
2. VP1
  • Gene Name : VP1
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine parvovirus
  • NCBI Protein GI : AFR43265
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:285583
    CDD:279128
  • Taxonomy ID : 10796
  • Protein Name : VP1 protein
  • Protein pI : 8.35
  • Protein Weight : 79417.77
  • Protein Length : 786
  • Protein Note : Parvovirus coat protein VP1; pfam08398
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >AFR43265.1 VP1 protein [Porcine parvovirus]
    MAPPAKRARGLTLPGYKYLGPGNSLDQGEPTNPSDAAAKEHDEAYDKYIKSGKNPYFYFSAADEKFIKET
    EHAKDYGGKIGHYFFRAKRAFAPKLSETDSPTTSQQPEVRRSPRKHPGSKPPGKRPAPRHIFINLAKKKA
    KGTSNTNSNSMSENVEQHNPINAGTELSATGNESGGGGGGGGGRGAGGVGVSTGTFNNQTEFQYLGEGLV
    RITAHASRLIHLNMPEHETYKRIHVLNSESGVAGQMVQDDAHTQMVTPWSLIDANAWGVWFNPADWQLIS
    NNMTEINLVSFEQEIFNVVLKTITESATSPPTKIYNNDLTASLMVALDTNNTLPYTPAAPRSETLGFYPW
    LPTKPTQYRYYLSCIRNLNPPTYTGQSQQITDSIQTGLHSDIMFYTIENAVPIHLLRTGDEFSTGIYHFD
    TKPLKLTHSWQTNRSLGLPPKLLTEPTTEGDQHSGTLPAANTRKGYHQTINNSYTEATAIRPAQVGYNTP
    YMNFEYSNGGPFLTPIVPTADTQYNDDEPNGAIRFTMDYQHGHLTTSSQELERYTFNPQSKCGRAPKQQF
    NQQAPLNLENTNNGTLLPSDPIGGKSNMHFMNTLNTYGPLTALNNTAPVFPNGQIWDKELDTDLKPRLHV
    TAPFVCKNNPPGQLFVKIAPNLTDDFNADSPQQPRIITYSNFWWKGTLTFTAKMRSSNMWNPIQQHTTTA
    ENIGNYIPTNIGGIRMFPEYSQLIPRKLY
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : (Xie et al., 2010)
3. VP2
  • Gene Name : VP2
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine parvovirus
  • NCBI Protein GI : AGZ94859
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:279128
  • Taxonomy ID : 10796
  • Protein Name : VP2
  • Protein pI : 6.16
  • Protein Weight : 62794.25
  • Protein Length : 626
  • Protein Note : Parvovirus coat protein VP2; pfam00740
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >AGZ94859.1 VP2 [Porcine parvovirus]
    MSENVEQHNPINAGTELSATGNESGGGGGGGGGRGAGGVGVSTGTFNNQTEFQYLGEGLVRITAHASRLI
    HLNMPEHETYKRIHVLNSESGVAGQMVQDDAHTQMVTPWSLIDANAWGVWFNPADWQLISNNMTEINLVS
    FEQEIFNVVLKTITESATSPPTKIYNNDLTASLMVALDTNNTLPYTPAAPRSETLGFYPWLPTKPTQYRY
    YLSCIRNLNPPTYTGQSQQITDSIQTGLHSDIMFYTIENAVPIHLLRTGDEFSTGIYHFDTKPLKLTHSW
    QTNRSLGLPPKLLTEPTTEGDQHPGTLPAANTRKGYHQTMNNSYTEATAIRPAQVGYNTPYMNFEYSNGG
    PFLTPIVPTADTQYNDDEPNGAIRFTMDYQHGHLTTSSQELERYTFNPQSKCGRAPKQQFNQQAPLNLEN
    TNNGTLLPSDPIGGKSNMHFMNTLNTYGPLTALNNTAPVFPNGQIWDKELDTDLKPRLHVTAPFVCKNNP
    PGQLFVKIAPNLTDDFNADSPQQPRIITYSNFWWKGTLTLTAKMRSSNMWNPIQQHTTTAENIGNYIPTN
    IGGMRMFPEYSQLIPRKLY
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : (Ji et al., 2017)
III. Vaccine Information
1. ERYSENG® PARVO
a. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
b. Status:
Licensed
c. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Baboon
d. Preparation
The vaccines were prepared and diluted following the manufacturer’s recommendations. (Sánchez-Matamoros et al., 2019)
e. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
f. Description
ERYSENG® PARVO (HIPRA) is a bivalent inactivated vaccine based on the inactivated E. rhusiopathiae strain R32E11 and the inactivated PPV strain NADL-2.(Sánchez-Matamoros et al., 2019)
2. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacterin (USDA: 4906.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002290
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
3. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002321
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
4. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.21)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002322
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
5. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4BC5.22)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002323
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
6. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.01)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002277
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
7. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002278
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
8. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.21)
a. Manufacturer:
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002279
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
9. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 48C5.22)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002280
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
10. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.01)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002292
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
11. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002293
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
12. Parvovirus Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4975.22)
a. Manufacturer:
Novartis Animal Health US, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002294
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
13. Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4960.00)
a. Manufacturer:
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002291
c. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
14. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.22)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002309
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
15. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.23)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002310
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
16. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Bratislava-Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49F6.24)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002311
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
17. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.22)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002312
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
18. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.23)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002313
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
19. Parvovirus-Swine Influenza H1N1 & H3N2, Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 49G6.24)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002314
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
20. Porcilis® Ery + Parvo + Lepto
a. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
b. Status:
Licensed
c. Host Species for Licensed Use:
None
d. Antigen
Six relevant swine Leptospira antigens (serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis (Bratislava), Grippotyphosa, Pomona and Tarassovi) to an existing vaccine, Porcilis® Ery + Parvo(van et al., 2020)
e. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
f. Virulence
Virulent PPV-27a strain. (van et al., 2020)
g. Description
Porcilis® Ery+Parvo+Lepto is an octavalent inactivated ready-to-use vaccine that contains Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Ery), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and six serogroups of Leptospira (Lepto).(van et al., 2020)
21. Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome-Parvovirus Reproductive Form, Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Hardjo-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 4P19.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002324
c. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
22. ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX
a. Type:
Subunit vaccine
b. Status:
Licensed
c. Location Licensed:
European (EU) market
d. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
e. Antigen
Produces the protective viral protein (VP) 2 of PPV1. (Garcia-Morante et al., 2019)
f. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
g. Description
ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) is a recently licensed monovalent subunit vaccine for pigs based on a recombinant baculoviral expression system producing the protective viral protein (VP) 2 of PPV1.(Garcia-Morante et al., 2019)
IV. References
1. Ji et al., 2017: Ji P, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang A, Jiang D, Zhao B, Wang J, Chai S, Zhou E, Zhang G. Porcine parvovirus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli self-assembles into virus-like particles with high immunogenicity in mice and guinea pigs. Antiviral research. 2017; 139; 146-152. [PubMed: 28063996].
2. Qi and Cui, 2009: Qi T, Cui SJ. Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant NS-1, the porcine parvovirus non-structural protein. Journal of virological methods. 2009; 157(1); 93-97. [PubMed: 19101593].
3. Xie et al., 2010: Xie HL, Wang Z, Cui SJ, Zhang CF, Cui YD. The epitope of the VP1 protein of porcine parvovirus. Virology journal. 2010; 7; 161. [PubMed: 20637107].