VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Bovine papillomavirus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. L1 (Protective antigen)
2. L2 (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
1. Bovine Papillomavirus Vaccine LS-NDV
2. Wart Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1985.50)
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

10571

2. Disease:

Warts

3. Introduction

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is a group of DNA viruses of the family Papillomaviridae that are common in cattle. Infection causes warts (papillomas and fibropapillomas) of the skin and alimentary tract, and more rarely cancers of the alimentary tract and urinary bladder. They are also thought to cause the skin tumour equine sarcoid in horses and donkeys. BPV provides an excellent model for studying papillomavirus molecular biology, and also allows the dissection of the processes by which this group of viruses cause cancer. Like other papillomaviruses, BPVs are small non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid around 50–60 nm in diameter.The capsid is formed of the L1 and L2 structural proteins, with the L1 C-terminus exposed. All BPVs have a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 7.3–8.0 kb. The genetic organisation of those BPVs which have been sequenced is broadly similar to other papillomaviruses. The open reading frames (ORFs) are all located on one strand, and are divided into early and late regions. The early region encodes nonstructural proteins E1 to E7. There are three viral oncoproteins, E5, E6 and E7; BPVs of the Xipapillomavirus group lack E6. The late region encodes structural proteins L1 and L2. There is also a non-coding long control region (LCR) (Wiki: Bovine papillomavirus).

4. Host Ranges and Animal Models

Cattle are the main species affected. BPV-1 and BPV-2 can also induce sarcomas and fibrosarcomas in other mammals, including equids (equine sarcoid) and, experimentally, rabbits, hamsters and mice (Wiki: Bovine papillomavirus).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. L1

Gene Name : L1
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Bovine papillomavirus
NCBI Protein GI : AHB82182
Other Database IDs : CDD:305106
Taxonomy ID : 10571
Protein Name : L1 protein
Protein pI : 4.79
Protein Weight : 17306.81
Protein Length : 214
Protein Note : Bovine papillomavirus type 3;
PCR_primers=fwd_name: my09, rev_name: my11

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AHB82182.1 L1 protein, partial [Bovine papillomavirus]
AQGHNNGICWNNQLFVTAVDSTRGTNFTISVHRNKPSLEDQDTYTAADFKHYLRHVEEWEVSLVLQLCIV
DLTPEALAHINGMDPRIIESWNLGFIHAPNNIEDQYRYLQSIATRCPPKEDAAATEDPYAKYTFWDVDLT
ERFSMNLDQYPFGR

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation :

2. L2

Gene Name : L2
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Bovine papillomavirus
NCBI Protein GI : BAF95819
Other Database IDs : CDD:165142
CDD:278914
Taxonomy ID : 453461
Protein Name : L2 protein
Protein pI : 4.61
Protein Weight : 54020.01
Protein Length : 591
Protein Note : type 10

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>BAF95819.1 L2 protein [Bovine papillomavirus type 10]
MVRAARRKRASEDDLYRGCLAGQDCPTDIKNKYEQNTLADRILKWVSSFLYFGTLGISSGRGSGGAGGYT
RLGTVESGGGVRPGKGPNVARPTVIVDALGPAGAPIDPAAPDSAIVPLLESSGGSTTTDLIPGGGEIEII
AEVHPPPTIGDPDIVIGEPDEPPILEVTPETHPASRVRYSTSKHDNPAFNAYVASSQLPGETSAADNVYI
MHGFNGDYVGPATTDTVFEEIELQDIGVPESPPSASTPDSAFRTVLNRFQRRLYNRRLVQQVKLTDRTFL
THPSRLVRWEFENPAFDESLSLLFEQDVNEVAAAPAEEFQDIVKLRRPFFSEKEGLVRVSRLGQRGTIRT
RSGLQIGGHVHYFTDISPIRPVEDIEMQTFGEVSGDSIIMQPLGESTFINADDTIDANLNEGLLQYSDSV
LEDDYNEDFSHVRLEVTTGTSTSIITVPDGIPPGSVKMFINDANSTVTPVPPDANGNAFTPITPRFPLTP
LSPAYTPTVIIDFEDGSATFFLHPSLLRKHKHKHWFF

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Jagu et al., 2011)

III. Vaccine Information

1. Bovine Papillomavirus Vaccine LS-NDV

a. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus (Avki et al., 2004)

e. Immunization Route

subcutaneous injection

f. Description

Newcastle disease virus LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-α activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis. (Avki et al., 2004)

g. Cattle Response

Vaccination Protocol: Fourteen cows were inoculated with an attenuated vaccine containing LS-NDV for two times at 1 week intervals with a total dose of ~10^9.3 egg infective dose50 (EID50) in sterile PBS. Inoculation was performed by s.c. injection in the area where the papillomas were mostly appeared. Four cows inoculated with similar volumes of sterile PBS by the same route and served as controls. (Avki et al., 2004)
Immune Response: Mean HI titers in inoculated cows on days 7 and 21 were determined as log2 2.43 +/- 0.92 and log2 5.57 +/- 0.72, respectively. Difference between mean antibody levels among the inoculated animals at days 7 and 21 were significantly higher than day 0 (P < 0.05). More significant between day 0 and 21 (P < .001). On day 21 the difference in HI titers between control and inoculated groups was significant (P < 0.05). The mean levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were 5.80 +/- 4.19 and 5.39 +/- 2.66 ng/ml by WEHI-164 cytotoxicity assay. A correlation was evident between the TNF-a activities and clinical scores on day 21 (r = 0.500; P < 0:05). (Avki et al., 2004)
Side Effects: These results demonstrated that inoculation of LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-a activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis. (Avki et al., 2004)
Efficacy: At day 60, complete recovery was seen in five cows (36%). The papillomas in eight cows regressed (57%). (Avki et al., 2004)

2. Wart Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1985.50)

a. Manufacturer:

Colorado Serum Company, Biomune Company

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001584

c. Type:

Inactivated or "killed" vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Cattle

IV. References

1. Jagu et al., 2011: Jagu S, Malandro N, Kwak K, Yuan H, Schlegel R, Palmer KE, Huh WK, Campo MS, Roden RB. A multimeric L2 vaccine for prevention of animal papillomavirus infections. Virology. 2011; 420(1); 43-50. [PubMed: 21920572].

2. M�dolo et al., 2017: M�dolo DG, Araldi RP, Mazzuchelli-de-Souza J, Pereira A, Pimenta DC, Zanphorlin LM, Be�ak W, Menossi M, de Cassia Stocco R, de Carvalho RF. Integrated analysis of recombinant BPV-1 L1 protein for the production of a bovine papillomavirus VLP vaccine. Vaccine. 2017; 35(12); 1590-1593. [PubMed: 28222997].