VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Porcine rotavirus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. VP2 (Protective antigen)
2. VP7 (Protective antigen)
3. VP8 (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

10913

2. Disease:

Diarrhea

3. Introduction

Rotavirus is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea in human infants and in animals worldwide. Rotavirus infections in pigs seriously impact the pork industry. The mortality rate in piglets is extremely variable, ranging from 0 to 50%, and is usually of the order of 0–10%; however, the loss in growth in recovered piglets is economically the most important effect of the disease (Li et al., 2010).

4. Microbial Pathogenesis

Gut mucosal infection occurs primarily by the invasion route via viral replication at the tips of the villi of epithelial cells in the small intestine, leading to structural and functional changes in the epithelium. The diarrhea that results is caused by the multiple activities of the virus. Malabsorption is a generally accepted mechanism of rotavirus-induced diarrhea, which is characterized by viral replication in villus enterocytes in the small intestine, with subsequent cell lysis and attendant villus blunting, depressed level of mucosal disaccharidase, watery diarrhea, and dehydration. The rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4, which has recently been suggested to have a toxin-like function, may participate in inducing intestinal inflammation (Li et al., 2010).

5. Host Ranges and Animal Models

Pigs

6. Host Protective Immunity

Because rotaviruses are enteric pathogens, gut mucosal immune responses are likely to play an important role in protective immunity against rotavirus infection. Gut innate immunity provides the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms and also initiates acquired immune responses (Li et al., 2010).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. VP2

Gene Name : VP2
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine rotavirus
NCBI Protein GI : AJC68690
Other Database IDs : CDD:282884
Taxonomy ID : 10913
Protein Name : VP2 protein
Protein pI : 5.56
Protein Weight : 98671.47
Protein Length : 948
Protein Note : Rotavirus VP2 protein; pfam05087

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AJC68690.1 VP2 protein [Porcine rotavirus]
MAYRKRGAKRENLPQQNERLQEKEIEKNIDASMESKANNKKQQLSDKVLSQKEEIITDAQDDVKIADEVK
KSSKEESKQLLEILKTKEDHQKEVQYEILQKTIPTFEPKESILKKLEDMKPEQAKKQTKLFRIFEPKQLP
IYRANGERELRNRWYWKLKRDTLPDGDYDVREYFLNLYDQILIEMPDYLLLKDMAVENKNSRDAGKVVDS
ETASICDAIFQDEETEGVIRRFIADMRQQVQADRNVVNYPSILHPIDHAFNEYFLNHQLVEPLNNEIIFN
YIPERIRNDVNYILNMDMNLPSTARYIRPNLLQDRLNLHDNFESLWDTITTSNYILARSVVPDLKEKELV
STEAQIQKMSQDLQLEALTIQSETQFLAGINSQAANDCFKTLIAAMLSQRTMSLEFVTTNYMSLISGMWL
LTVIPNDMFLRESLVACELAIINTIVYPAFGMQRMHYRNGDPQTPFQIAEQQIQNFQVANWLHFINNNRF
RQVVIDGVLNQTLNDNIRNGQVINQLMDALMQLSRQQFPTMPVDYKRSIQRGILLLSNRLGQLVDLTRLL
SYNYEILMACITMNMQHVQTLTTEKLQLTSVTSLCMLIGNTTVIPSPQTLFHYYNVNVNFHSNYNERIND
AVAIITAANRLNLYQKKMKSIVEEFLKRLQIFDVPRVPDDQMYRLRDRLRLLPVERRRLDIFNLILMNME
QIERASDKIAQGVIIAYRDMQLERDEMYGYVNIARNLDGYQQINLEELMRTGDYGQITNMLLNNQPVALV
GALPFVTDSSVISLIAKLDATVFAQIVKLRKVDTLKPILYKINSDSNDFYLVANYDWIPTSTTKVYKQVP
QPFDFRASMHMLTSNLTFTVYSDLLAFVSADTVEPINAVAFDNMRIMNEL

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Wen et al., 2015)

2. VP7

Gene Name : VP7
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine rotavirus
NCBI Protein GI : AET79173
Other Database IDs : CDD:278842
Taxonomy ID : 10913
Protein Name : VP7 protein
Protein pI : 4.1
Protein Weight : 30057.77
Protein Length : 338
Protein Note : group: A; genotype: P8b

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AET79173.1 VP7 protein, partial [Porcine rotavirus]
MYGIEYTTVLTFLISIVLLNYILKSLTSVMDFIIYRFLLLIVIVSPFVKTQNYGINLPITGSMDTAYANS
SQQETFLTSTLCLYYPTEASTQIGDTEWKDTLSQLFLTKGWPTGSVYFKEYTDIASFSIDPQLYCDYNVV
LMKYDSTLELDMSELADLILNEWLCNPMDITLYYYQQTNEANKWISMGQSCTIKVCPLNTQTLGIGCTTT
NPTTFEEVAKNEKLVITDVVDGVNHKLDVTTNTCTIRNCKKLGPRENVAIIQVGGSEVLDITADPTTAPQ

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Hu and Wang, 2008)
Related Vaccine(s): Porcine Rotavirus Vaccine rPEDV-PoRV-VP7

3. VP8

Gene Name : VP8
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Porcine rotavirus
NCBI Protein GI : AEU04135
Other Database IDs : CDD:189541
Taxonomy ID : 10967
Protein Name : VP8
Protein pI : 4.45
Protein Weight : 25305.87
Protein Length : 284
Protein Note : group: A; genotype: G3

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AEU04135.1 VP8 [Porcine rotavirus A]
MASLIYRQLLSNSYTVDLSDEIQIIGSEKTQNVTINPGPFAQTGYAPVNWGPGETNDSTTVEPVLDGPYQ
PTTFSPPVSYWILLSPSNAGVVVEGTNNSDRWLATILIEPNVTSQSRTYTIFGRQEQITVENVSTTKWKF
VDLAKTDINGTFTQHGQLLSDTKLYGVMKFSGRLYTYNGETPNATTGYYTTTNYDTVNMVSHCDFYIIPR
SEESTCTNYINNGLPPIQNTKNVVPVSLTSR

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Wen et al., 2015)

III. Vaccine Information

1. Porcine Rotavirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19E1.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001805

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

2. Porcine Rotavirus Vaccine rPEDV-PoRV-VP7

a. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

PoRV VP7 (Li et al., 2022)

e. Gene Engineering of VP7

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: (Li et al., 2022)
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

PEDV strain YN150 (Li et al., 2022)

g. Preparation

The recombinant virus was constructed by replacing the entire open reading frame 3 (ORF3) in the genome of an attenuated PEDV strain YN150 with the PoRV VP7 gene using reverse genetic systems. (Li et al., 2022)

h. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

i. Description

Recombinant PEDV expressing PoRV VP7 is an effective bivalent vaccine against PEDV and PoRV in pigs. (Li et al., 2022)

j. Pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Ten 10-day-old piglets were purchased from a pig farm and were randomly divided into two groups (Mock-inoculated group and rPEDV-PoRV-VP7-inoculated group), which were housed in separated containments. Prior to immunization, rectal swabs from all piglets were confirmed negative for PEDV, PoRV, PDCoV, and TGEV by RT-PCR. Neutralizing antibodies against PEDV and PoRV were not detected in the sera of all piglets. After acclimation for 24 h, rPEDV-PoRV-VP7 was inoculated to the vaccinated group at a titer of 5 × 10^6 TCID50/mL (2 mL oral administration and 2 mL intramuscular administration per piglet), while mock-infected piglets were inoculated with the same volume of DMEM medium as a negative control. (Li et al., 2022)
Immune Response: The levels of anti-PoRV VP7 and anti-PEDV S IgA antibodies in saliva from rPEDV-PoRV-VP7-inoculated piglets were significantly increased from 14 to 28 days post-inoculation (DPI) compared with mock-inoculated piglets. These results suggest that rPEDV-PoRV-VP7 could effectively induce the specific IgA antibodies against PoRV and PEDV in piglets. Neutralization antibody titers against PoRV were initially detected at 7 DPI and elevated to about 1:97 at 21 DPI, while neutralization antibody titers against PEDV reached 1:8 at 14 DPI and dropped to approximate 1:2 at 28 DPI. (Li et al., 2022)
Side Effects: After inoculation, no piglet displayed clinical symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or anorexia. (Li et al., 2022)

3. Porcine Rotavirus-Transmissible Gastroenteritis Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 19H1.20)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0002193

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Pig

IV. References

1. Hu and Wang, 2008: Hu J, Wang C. [Expression and immunogenicity analysis of recombinant plasmid pW425et-Vp7 of porcine rotavirus A in Lactobacillus]. Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica. 2008; 48(11); 1514-1519. [PubMed: 19149168].

2. Li et al., 2010: Li YJ, Ma GP, Li GW, Qiao XY, Ge JW, Tang LJ, Liu M, Liu LW. Oral vaccination with the porcine rotavirus VP4 outer capsid protein expressed by Lactococcus lactis induces specific antibody production. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. 2010; 2010; 708460. [PubMed: 20625406].

3. Wen et al., 2015: Wen X, Wei X, Ran X, Ni H, Cao S, Zhang Y. Immunogenicity of porcine P[6], P[7]-specific ?VP8* rotavirus subunit vaccines with a tetanus toxoid universal T cell epitope. Vaccine. 2015; 33(36); 4533-4539. [PubMed: 26192360].