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Feline infectious peritonitis virus

Table of Contents
  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Disease
    3. Introduction
    4. Microbial Pathogenesis
    5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
    6. Host Protective Immunity
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. N (Protective antigen)
    2. S (Protective antigen)
    3. 3a (Virmugen)
    4. 3b (Virmugen)
    5. 3c (Virmugen)
    6. 7a (Virmugen)
    7. 7b (Virmugen)
  3. Vaccine Information
    1. Feline infectiors peritonitis serum vaccine
    2. Feline infectiour peritonitis virus 3abc mutant vaccine
    3. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15A1.20)
    4. Feline infectious peritonitis virus 7ab mutant vaccine
    5. Feline infectious peritonitis virus recombinant N proteins vaccine
  4. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11135
2. Disease:
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
3. Introduction
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a feline coronavirus that causes feline infectious peritonitis. Infection is ubiquitous in domestic cats, especially where conditions are crowded. FIPV can survive in for 7 weeks in a dry environment and may be transmitted indirectly via fomites. FPIV is an enveloped single stranded RNA virus. Most FIPV-infected cats either stay healthy or show only a mild enteritis. Only a proportion of FPIV-infected cats will develop FIP, a pyogranulomatous
vasculitis (Addie et al., 2009).
4. Microbial Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of FIP may be explained by an increased number of mutants, stochastically arising during bursts of replication (eg, under immune suppression), some of them growing to high concentrations in monocytes and macrophages. Mutations have been identified in non-structural genes, and more may remain to be identified. These highly virulent FPIV mutants have consistently induced FIP under experimental conditions, but their virulence has not been traced to a molecular source. The viral load and the cat’s immune response determine whether FIP will develop. Both viral genetics and host immunity are likely to play a role in the development of FIP. The pathology of FIP has been classified into two forms: an effusive (wet) FIP characterised by polyserositis (eg, thoracic and abdominal effusion)and vasculitis, and a non-effusive (dry) FIP characterised by granulomatous lesions in organs (Addie et al., 2009).
5. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Domestic cats
6. Host Protective Immunity
It has been suggested that cats mounting a strong cell-mediated immune response do not develop FIP, whereas cats showing a predominantly humoral response progress to disease. Hypergammaglobulinaemia is common in cats with FIP. Also, a drastic depletion of T cells from blood and lymphoid tissues has been described (Addie et al., 2009).
1. 3a
  • Gene Name : 3a
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Gene ID : 10040181
  • NCBI Protein GI : 315192965
  • Locus Tag : FIPV_gp03
  • Genbank Accession : AY994055
  • Protein Accession : YP_004070195
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Gene Starting Position : 24860
  • Gene Ending Position : 25075
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : putative 3a protein
  • Protein pI : 4.49
  • Protein Weight : 6974.53
  • Protein Length : 71
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192962:24860-25075 Feline infectious peritonitis virus, complete genome
    TATGGACATTGTCAAATCTATTGACATATTCGTAGACGCTGTACTTGACGAACTTGACCGTGCATACTTT
    GCTGTAACTCTTAAAGTAGAATTTAAGACTGGTAAACTACTTGTGTGTATAGGTTTTGGTGACACACTTC
    TTGAGGCTAAGGACAAAGCGTATGCTAAGCTTGGTCTCTCCTTTATTGAAGAAGTCAATAGTCATACAGT
    TGTTTA
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192965|ref|YP_004070195.1| putative 3a protein [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MDIVKSIDIFVDAVLDELDRAYFAVTLKVEFKTGKLLVCIGFGDTLLEAKDKAYAKLGLSFIEEVNSHTV
    V
  • Molecule Role : Virmugen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A 3abc deletion mutant in Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) was attenuated and provided protection against virulent FIPV strain 79-1146 challenge in kittens (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectiour peritonitis virus 3abc mutant vaccine
2. 3b
  • Gene Name : 3b
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Gene ID : 10040182
  • NCBI Protein GI : 315192966
  • Locus Tag : FIPV_gp04
  • Genbank Accession : AY994055
  • Protein Accession : YP_004070196
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Gene Starting Position : 25020
  • Gene Ending Position : 25235
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : putative 3b protein
  • Protein pI : 11.43
  • Protein Weight : 7960.26
  • Protein Length : 71
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192962:25020-25235 Feline infectious peritonitis virus, complete genome
    TATGCTAAGCTTGGTCTCTCCTTTATTGAAGAAGTCAATAGTCATACAGTTGTTTAGTATTACTGTTTAC
    AAGTTTAAAGCCAAATTTTGGTATAAACTACCTTTTGAAACTAGACTTTGTATCATTAAACACACAAGAC
    CCAAAGCATTAAGTGTTACAAAACAAGTAAAGAGAGATTATAGAAAAATTGCCATTCTAAATTCCATGCG
    AAAATG
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192966|ref|YP_004070196.1| putative 3b protein [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MLSLVSPLLKKSIVIQLFSITVYKFKAKFWYKLPFETRLCIIKHTRPKALSVTKQVKRDYRKIAILNSMR
    K
  • Molecule Role : Virmugen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A 3abc deletion mutant in Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) was attenuated and provided protection against virulent FIPV strain 79-1146 challenge in kittens (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectiour peritonitis virus 3abc mutant vaccine
3. 3c
  • Gene Name : 3c
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Gene ID : 10040183
  • Locus Tag : FIPV_gp05
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Gene Starting Position : 25232
  • Gene Ending Position : 25966
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192962:25232-25966 Feline infectious peritonitis virus, complete genome
    AATGATTGGTGGACTTTTTCTTAACACTCTTAGTTTTGTAATTGTTAGTAACCATGTTATTGTTAATAAC
    ACAGCAAATGTGCATACTACACAACATGAAAATGTTATAGTACAACAGCATTAGGTTGTTAGTGCTAGAA
    CACAAAATTATTACCCAGAGTTCAGCATCGCTGTACTCTTTGTATCATTTTTGGCTTTGTACCGTAGTAC
    AAACTTTAAGACGTGTGTCGGCATCTTAATGTTTAAGATTGTATCAATGACACTTGTAGGGCCTATGCTT
    ATAGCATATGGTTACTACATTGATGGCATTGTTACAATAACTGTCTTAGCTTTAAGATTTTTCTACTTAG
    CATACTTTTGGTATGTTAATAGTAGGTCCGAATTTATTTTATACAATACAACGACACTCATGTTTGTACA
    TGGCAGAGCTGCACCGTTTATGAGAAGTTCTCACAGCTCTATTTATGTCACATTGTATGGTGGCATAAAT
    TATATGTTTGTGAATGACCTCACGTTGCATTTTGTAGACCCTATGCTTGTAAGAATAGCAATACGTGGCT
    TAGCTCATGCTGATCTAACTGTTTTTAGAGCAGTTGAACTTCTCAATGGTGATTTTATATATGTATTTTC
    ACAGGAGCCCGTAGCCGGTGTTTACAATGCAGCCTCTTCTCAGGCGGTTCTAAACGAAATTGACTTAAAA
    GAAGAAGAAGAAGACCATAACTATGACGTTCCCTA
  • Molecule Role : Virmugen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A 3abc deletion mutant in Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) was attenuated and provided protection against virulent FIPV strain 79-1146 challenge in kittens (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectiour peritonitis virus 3abc mutant vaccine
4. 7a
  • Gene Name : 7a
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Gene ID : 10040187
  • NCBI Protein GI : 315192970
  • Locus Tag : FIPV_gp09
  • Genbank Accession : AY994055
  • Protein Accession : YP_004070200
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Gene Starting Position : 28151
  • Gene Ending Position : 28456
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : non-structural protein 7a
  • Protein pI : 8.52
  • Protein Weight : 9843.18
  • Protein Length : 101
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192962:28151-28456 Feline infectious peritonitis virus, complete genome
    CATGCTCGTTTTCGTCCATGCTGTACTTGTAACAGCTTTAATCTTACTACTAATTGGTAGAATCCAATTA
    CTAGAAAGGTTGTTACTCAGTCATCTGCTTAATCTTACAACAGTCAGTAATGTTTTAGGTGTGCCTGACA
    GTAGTCTGCGTGTAAATTGTTTGCAGCTTTTGAAACCAGACTGCCTTGATTTTAATATCTTACATAAAGT
    TTTAGCAGAAACCAGGTTACTAGTAGTAGTACTGCGAGTGATCTTTCTAGTTCTTCTAGGGTTTTCCTGC
    TATACATTGTTGGGTGCATTATTTTA
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192970|ref|YP_004070200.1| non-structural protein 7a [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MLVFVHAVLVTALILLLIGRIQLLERLLLSHLLNLTTVSNVLGVPDSSLRVNCLQLLKPDCLDFNILHKV
    LAETRLLVVVLRVIFLVLLGFSCYTLLGALF
  • Molecule Role : Virmugen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A 7ab deletion mutant in Feline infectious peritonitis virus is attenuated and provides protection against virulent FIPV strain 79-1146 challenge in kittens (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectious peritonitis virus 7ab mutant vaccine
5. 7b
  • Gene Name : 7b
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Gene ID : 10040188
  • NCBI Protein GI : 315192971
  • Locus Tag : FIPV_gp10
  • Genbank Accession : AY994055
  • Protein Accession : YP_004070201
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Gene Starting Position : 28461
  • Gene Ending Position : 29081
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : non-structural protein 7b
  • Protein pI : 7.25
  • Protein Weight : 22221.54
  • Protein Length : 206
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192962:28461-29081 Feline infectious peritonitis virus, complete genome
    CATGATTGTTGTAATCCTTGTGTGTATCTTTTTGGCTAATGGAATTAAAGCTACTGCTGTGCAAAATGAC
    CTTCATGAACATCCCGTTCTTACCTGGGATTTATTACAGCATTTCATAGGACATACCCTCTACATTACAA
    CACACCAGGTCTTAGCACTACCGCTTGGATCTCGTGTTGAGTGTGAGGGTATCGAAGGTTTCAATTGCAC
    ATGGCCTGGCTTTCAAGATCCTGCACATGATCATATTGATTTCTACTTTGATCTTTCTAATCCTTTCTAT
    TCATTTGTAGATAATTTTTATATTGTAAGTGAGGGAAATCAAAGAATCAATCTCAGATTGGTTGGTGCTG
    TGCCAAAACAAAAGAGATTAAATGTTGGTTGTCATACATCATTTGCTGTTGATCTTCCATTTGGGATTCA
    GATATACCATGACAGGGATTTTCAACACCCTGTTGATGGCAGACATCTAGATTGTACTCACAGAGTGTAC
    TTTGTGAAGTACTGTCCACATAACCTGCATGGTTATTGCTTTAATGAGAGGCTGAAAGTTTATGACTTGA
    AGCAATTCAGAAGCAAGAAGGTCTTCGACAAAATCAACCAACATCATAAAACTGAGTTATA
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >gi|315192971|ref|YP_004070201.1| non-structural protein 7b [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MIVVILVCIFLANGIKATAVQNDLHEHPVLTWDLLQHFIGHTLYITTHQVLALPLGSRVECEGIEGFNCT
    WPGFQDPAHDHIDFYFDLSNPFYSFVDNFYIVSEGNQRINLRLVGAVPKQKRLNVGCHTSFAVDLPFGIQ
    IYHDRDFQHPVDGRHLDCTHRVYFVKYCPHNLHGYCFNERLKVYDLKQFRSKKVFDKINQHHKTEL
  • Molecule Role : Virmugen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A 7ab deletion mutant in Feline infectious peritonitis virus is attenuated and provides protection against virulent FIPV strain 79-1146 challenge in kittens (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectious peritonitis virus 7ab mutant vaccine
6. N
  • Gene Name : N
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Protein GI : BAC01159
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:279305
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Protein Name : nucleocapsid
  • Protein pI : 10.35
  • Protein Weight : 40532.64
  • Protein Length : 447
  • Protein Note : Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein; pfam00937
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >BAC01159.1 nucleocapsid [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MATQGQRVNWGDEPSKRRDRSNSRGRKNGNIPLSYFNPITLESGSKFWNICPRDFVPKGIGNKDQQIGYW
    NRQVRYRIVRGQRKELPERWFFYFSGTGPHADAKFKDKIDGVFWVARDGAMNKPTTLGTRGTNNESKPLK
    FDGKIPPQFQLEVNRSRNNSRSGSQPRSVSRSRSQSRGRQQSNNQNTNVEDTIVAVLSKLGVTDKQRSRS
    KSGERNQSKPRDTTPKNANKHTWKKTAGKGDVTNFYGARSSSANFGDSDLVANGNAAKCYPQIAECVPSA
    SSILFGSQWSAEEAGDQVKVTLTHTYYLPKDDAKTSQFLEQIDAYKQPSEVAKDQRQRKSRSKSADKKPE
    ELSVTLVEAYTDVFDDTQVEMIDEVTN
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : (Takano et al., 2014)
  • Related Vaccine(s): Feline infectious peritonitis virus recombinant N proteins vaccine
7. S
  • Gene Name : S
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Feline infectious peritonitis virus
  • NCBI Protein GI : AGZ84526
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:279880
    CDD:279881
  • Taxonomy ID : 11135
  • Protein Name : spike protein
  • Protein pI : 4.88
  • Protein Weight : 148708.33
  • Protein Length : 1538
  • Protein Note : Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein; pfam01600
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >AGZ84526.1 spike protein [Feline infectious peritonitis virus]
    MIVLVTCLLLLCSYHTVLSTTNNECIQVNVTQLAGNENLIRDFLFSNFKEEGSVVVGGYYPTEVWYNCSR
    TARTTAFQYFNNIHAFYFVMEAMENSTGNARGKPLLFHVHGEPVSVIISAYRDDVQQRPLLKHGLVCITK
    NRHINYEQFTSNQWNSTCTGADRKIPFSVIPTDNGTKIYGLEWNDDFVTAYISGRSYHLNINTNWFNNVT
    LLYSRSSTATWEYSAAYAYQGVSNFTYYKLNNTNGLKTYELCEDYEHCTGYATNVFAPTSGGYIPDGFSF
    NNWFLLTNSSTFVSGRFVTNQPLLINCLWPVPSFGVAAQEFCFEGAQFSQCNGVSLNNTVDVIRFNLNFT
    ADVQSGMGATVFSLNTTGGVILEISCYSDTVSESSSYSYGEIPFGITDGPRYCYVLYNGTALKYLGTLPP
    SVKEIAISKWGHFYINGYNFFSTFPIGCISFNLTTGVSGAFWTIAYTSYTEALVQVENTAIKNVTYCNSH
    INNIKCSQLTANLNNGFYPVASSEVGFVNKSVVLLPSFFTYTAVNITIDLGMKLSGYGQPIASTLSNITL
    PMQDNNTDVYCIRSNQFSVYVHSTCKSSLWDNIFNQDCADVLEATAVIKTGTCPFSFDKLNNYLTFNKFC
    LSLSPVGANCKFDVAARTRTNEQVVRSLYVIYEEGDNIVGVPSDNSGLHDLSVLHLDSCTDYNIYGRTGV
    GIIRRTNSTLLSGLYYTSLSGDLLGFKNVSDGVIYSVTPCDVSAQAAVIDGAIVGAMTSINSELLGLTHW
    TTTPNFYYYSIYNYTSERTRGTAIDSNDVDCEPVITYSNIGVCKNGALVFINVTHSDGDVQPISTGNVTI
    PTNFTISVQVEYMQVYTTPVSIDCARYVCNGNPRCNKLLTQYVSACQTIEQALAMGARLENMEVDSMLFV
    SENALKLASVEAFNSTENLDPIYKEWPSIGGSWLGGLKDILPSHNSKRKYGSAIEDLLFDKVVTSGLGTV
    DEDYKRCTGGYDIADLVCAQYYNGIMVLPGVANADKMTMYTASLAGGITLGALGGGAVAIPFAVAVQARL
    NYVALQTDVLNKNQQILANAFNQAIGNITQAFGKVNDAIHQTSQGLATVAKALAKVQDVVNTQGQALSHL
    TVQLQNNFQAISSSISDIYNRLDELSADAQVDRLITGRLTALNAFVSQTLTRQAEVRASRQLAKDKVNEC
    VRSQSQRFGFCGNGTHLFSLANAAPNGMIFFHTVLLPTAYETVTAWSGICASDGDRTFGLVVKDVQLTLF
    RNLDDKFYLTPRTMYQPRVATSSDFVQIEGCDVLFVNATVIDLPSIIPDYIDINQTVQDILENYRPNWTV
    PEFTLDIFNATYLNLTGEIDDLEFRSEKLHNTTVELAILIDNINNTLVNLEWLNRIETYVKWPWYVWLLI
    GLVVVFCIPLLLFCCFSTGCCGCIGCLGSCCHSICSRRQFENYEPIEKVHVH
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : (Satoh et al., 2011)
III. Vaccine Information
1. Feline infectiors peritonitis serum vaccine
a. Type:
Serum contianing ant-FIPV.
b. Status:
Research
c. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Cat
d. Antigen
FIPV (Weiss and Scott, 1981)
e. Preparation
A healthy 5-month-old kitten with an F1PV serum antibody titer greater than 1:1600 served as the immune serum donor. This animal was an SPF kitten who had seroconverted by natural exposure to FIPV-shedding contact cats and had remained asymptomatic.(Weiss and Scott, 1981)
f. Immunization Route
Intravenous injection (i.v.)
g. Description
A serum containing anti-FIBV produced by an asymptomatic cat was injected into other cats.(Weiss and Scott, 1981)
h. Cat Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: Serum was administered by slow intravenous injection and given at a dosage of 11 ml/kg per cat.(Weiss and Scott, 1981)
  • Challenge Protocol: Six hr after administration of serum, the experimental kittens were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of FIPV- infected liver homogenate.
  • Efficacy: Not protected, higher fatality rate than unvaccinated cats. (Weiss and Scott, 1981)
2. Feline infectiour peritonitis virus 3abc mutant vaccine
a. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine
b. Status:
Research
c. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:
Cat
d. Gene Engineering of 3a
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This 3abc mutant is from Feline infectious peritonitis virus (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
e. Gene Engineering of 3b
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This 3abc mutant is from Feline infectious peritonitis virus (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Gene Engineering of 3c
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This 3abc mutant is from Feline infectious peritonitis virus (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
g. Immunization Route
Oronasal immunization
h. Cat Response
3. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 15A1.20)
a. Manufacturer:
Pfizer, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001544
c. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Cat
4. Feline infectious peritonitis virus 7ab mutant vaccine
a. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine
b. Status:
Research
c. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:
Cat
d. Gene Engineering of 7a
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This 7ab mutant is from Feline infectious peritonitis virus (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
e. Gene Engineering of 7b
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This 7ab mutant is from Feline infectious peritonitis virus (Haijema et al., 2004).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Immunization Route
Oronasal immunization
g. Cat Response
5. Feline infectious peritonitis virus recombinant N proteins vaccine
a. Type:
Recombinant vector vaccine
b. Status:
Research
c. Host Species for Licensed Use:
None
d. Antigen
baculovirus-expressed N protein of the Type I FIPV strain KU-2 (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
e. Gene Engineering of N
f. Preparation
SF-9 cells cultured for 2 days were inoculated with the recombinant baculovirus. After absorption for 1 h, serum-free TC-100 medium was added to the cells and the cells were cultured at 27 °C. After culture for 96 h, the infected cells were recovered and washed with PBS. One milliliter of RSB buffer containing 0.2% NP-40 (0.01 M NaCl, 0.0015 M MgCl2, 0.01 M Tris–HCl, pH 7.4) was added to 1×107 cells and the cell suspension was kept at 4 °C for 30 min with occasional shaking. The cells were centrifuged at 800×g for 10 min. The precipitate was resuspended in PBS and used as recombinant N protein. Feline inactivated trivalent vaccine (Felidovac PCR; Intervet, The Netherlands), which is commercially available in Japan, was added to the recombinant N protein as an adjuvant. This feline inactivated trivalent vaccine contains 2% aluminum hydroxide gels and L80 as an adjuvant. (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
g. Immunization Route
subcutaneous injection
h. Description
Cell lysate with baculovirus-expressed N protein of the Type I FIPV strain KU-2 recombinant vaccine was effective in preventing the progression of FIP without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement of FIPV infection in cats. (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
i. Cat Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: Eight SPF cats aged 6 months and eight SPF cats aged 7–9 months were used in the first and second experiments, respectively. In both experiments, four cats were subcutaneously vaccinated three times with 3-week intervals. The same vaccination/challenge experiment was repeated twice. (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
  • Immune Response: In all vaccinated cats, the ELISA value against N protein began to increase on Day 6 after the challenge and the antibody responded earlier than that in the control cats. The anti-challenge virus (strain 79-1146) neutralizing antibody production converted to positive on Day 12 after the challenge in the vaccination and control groups, showing no significant difference between the two groups. (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
  • Challenge Protocol: As a challenge control, four cats received a subcutaneous administration of the SF-9 cell-derive d antigen, which was prepared as the recombinant N protein described above, with the adjuvant. Four weeks after the third vaccination, all cats were challenged oronasally with 105 TCID50 FIPV strain 79-1146. (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
  • Efficacy: Combining the results of the first and second experiments, the survival rates were 75% (6/8) and 12.5% (1/8) for the immunized and control groups, respectively. These survival rates were analyzed using the X2-test, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). (Hohdatsu et al., 2003)
IV. References
1. Addie et al., 2009: Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline infectious peritonitis. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of feline medicine and surgery. 2009; 11(7); 594-604. [PubMed: 19481039].
2. Haijema et al., 2004: Haijema BJ, Volders H, Rottier PJ. Live, attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of virology. 2004; 78(8); 3863-3871. [PubMed: 15047802].
3. Satoh et al., 2011: Satoh R, Furukawa T, Kotake M, Takano T, Motokawa K, Gemma T, Watanabe R, Arai S, Hohdatsu T. Screening and identification of T helper 1 and linear immunodominant antibody-binding epitopes in the spike 2 domain and the nucleocapsid protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. Vaccine. 2011; 29(9); 1791-1800. [PubMed: 21216312].
4. Takano et al., 2014: Takano T, Tomizawa K, Morioka H, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. Evaluation of protective efficacy of the synthetic peptide vaccine containing the T-helper 1 epitope with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide against feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cats. Antiviral therapy. 2014; 19(7); 645-650. [PubMed: 24458025].