VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

2. Introduction

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) determines unapparent to mild infection of the respiratory tract and is regarded as one of the causes of the common widespread infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB). CAV-2 has also been implicated in episodes of enteritis and has been detected in the brain of dogs with neurological signs. Infection with CAV-2 appears to be
widespread in dogs that are not immune to CAV-1 or CAV-2 (Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007).

3. Host Ranges and Animal Models

The host range of CAV-2 includes a broad number of mammalian species. Wild-life animals may be a source of infection for domestic dogs. The overall prevalence of antibodies to canine adenoviruses in European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia was 23.2% with marked geographical, seasonal and age differences, while the prevalence of antibodies was 97% in Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) in the Channel Islands, California. Antibodies to CAV-2 were also detected in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and in marine mammals in Alaska and Canada, including black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), wolves (Canis lupus), walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias
jubatus) (Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007).

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