VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

2. Introduction

Canine parainfluenzavirus (CPIV) was first reported in the late 1960s from laboratory dogs with respiratory disease and from a sentry dog with respiratory disease of the upper tract. Subsequent studies revealed that the virus was frequent in dogs with respiratory disease. Parainfluenza viruses include important pathogens of the respiratory tract of mammals and birds. The term parainfluenza was originally adopted after the influenzalike symptoms observed in infected patients and after the influenza-like hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities exhibited by the virus particles. Parainfluenza is highly contagious and the prevalence of infection appears to berelated to the density of the dog population. CPIV is excreted from the respiratory tract of infected animals for 8-10 days after infection and is usually transmitted by direct contact with infected aerosol. The virus may spread rapidly in kennels or shelters where a large number of dogs are kept together. CPIV infection is usually restricted to the upper respiratory tract in dogs of two weeks of age or older (Buonavoglia and Martella, 2007).

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