Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Primarily a zoonotic disease (cattle, deer, pigs, and birds), animals that recover frequently become asymptomatic carriers of the disease. Acute Y. enterocolitica infections produce severe diarrhea in humans, along with Peyer's patch necrosis, chronic lymphadenopathy, and hepatic or splenic abscesses. Additional symptoms may include entero-colitis, fever, mesenteric adenitis, erythema nodosum and acute terminal ileitis, which may be confused with appendicitis or Crohn's disease. Because Yersinia is a siderophilic (iron-loving) bacteria, people with hereditary hemochromatosis (a disease resulting in high body iron levels) are more susceptible to infection with Yersinia (and other siderophilic bacteria). In fact, the most common contaminant of stored blood is Y. enterocolitica.
Treatment of Y. enterocolitica infections often requires aggressive antibiotic therapy, typically involving ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and polymyxin. However, some gastoenterologists, especially in Scandinavia, would say that antibiotic treatment should be initiated only when the patient has significant and persisting symptoms of gastroenteritis (Wiki: Yersinia enterocolitica).
Protein Name :
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase
Protein pI :
5.16
Protein Weight :
43855.83
Protein Length :
428
Protein Note :
catalyzes the formation of 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate from phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoshikimate in tryptophan biosynthesis
Molecule Role Annotation :
An aroA mutant is highly attenuated in mice, and after 3 doses induces significant protection from challenge with wild type Y. enterocolitica (Bowe et al., 1989).
Molecule Role Annotation :
A htrA mutant in Yersinia enterocolitica was attenuated and provided partial protection against challenge in mice (Li et al., 1996),
Molecule Role Annotation :
Mice actively immunized using a recombinant V antigen (rVagHis, encoded by lcrV gene) of Y. enterocolitica were completely protected against challenge with both, Y. enterocolitica 0:8 and Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III (Schmidt et al., 1999).
Protein Note :
Also known as ompB; ompRpart of two-component system EnvZ/OmpR; regulates transcription of outer membrane porin genes ompC/F; under high osmolarity EnvZ functions as kinase/phosphotransferase and phosphorylates OmpR; the result is increased expression of ompC and repression of ompF; also functions in regulation of other genes; forms dimers upon phosphorylation
Molecule Role Annotation :
A ompR mutant in Yersinia enterocolitica was attenuated and provided a partial protection from challenge in mice (Dorrell et al., 1998).
Molecule Role Annotation :
A sodA mutant in Yersinia enterocolitica was highly attenuated and mice immunized with a single oral dose of the mutant strain were protected against a lethal oral-challenge infection with wild-type Y. enterocolitica (Igwe et al., 1999).
Molecule Role Annotation :
IFN-gamma plays a critical role in Th1 type immune response. It is important for protection against infections by various viruses and intracellular bacteria.
Additional Molecule Role :
Vaximmutor
Additional Molecule Role Annotation :
The experimental data demonstrated that three time vaccinations with BCG in BALB/c mice induced strong TB Ag-specific IFN-gamma immune responses in splenocytes (Wang et al., 2009).
Vaccination Protocol:
Mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 30 lg rVagHis in CFA and boostered with 30 lg rVagHis in ICFA four weeks later. Control mice were treated similarily with CFA or ICFA, but lacking rVagHis (Schmidt et al., 1999).
Challenge Protocol:
Mice were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.5 ml bacterial suspension containing either 3x10^3 cells of Y. enterocolitica 0:8 strain NCTC10938 or 4x10^4 cells of Y. pseudotuberculosis strain YPlll/pIB102. Survival of mice was monitored over 2 months (Schmidt et al., 1999).
Efficacy:
Mice actively immunized using a recombinant V antigen (rVagHis, encoded by lcrV gene) of Y. enterocolitica were completely protected against challenge with both, Y. enterocolitica 0:8 and Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III (Schmidt et al., 1999).
Persistence:
A sodA mutant is attenuated in mice (Igwe et al., 1999).
Efficacy:
A single dose of a sodA mutant provided protection in mice from challenge with wild type Y. enterocolitica (Igwe et al., 1999).
Host Gene Response of
Ifng (Interferon gamma)
Gene Response:
Restimulated T cells from mice immunized with the mutant strains produced significant quantities of IFN-γ by day 8 after oral immunization compared to the control group of nonrestimulated T cells. However, the amounts of IFN-γ produced by T cells from mice immunized with the mutant strains were lower than those of mice immunized with the wild-type Y. enterocolitica strain (Igwe et al., 1999).
Gene Response:
Mice immunized with a sodA mutant elicited high titers of serum IgG antibodies. On day 23, WA-314 sodA elicited a 17-fold-higher titer of Yersinia-specific serum IgG antibody than WA irp1 (an irp1 mutant). Mice immunized with WA-314 sodA elicited a 10-fold-higher titer of serum IgG antibody than those given WA(pYVO8-A-2) (a YadA mutant) 90 days after the immunization. IgG levels from days 7 to 90 post-immunization were significantly greater than control serum obtained pre-immunization (Igwe et al., 1999).
1. Bowe et al., 1989: Bowe F, O'Gaora P, Maskell D, Cafferkey M, Dougan G. Virulence, persistence, and immunogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 aroA mutants. Infection and immunity. 1989; 57(10); 3234-3236. [PubMed: 2777382].
2. Dorrell et al., 1998: Dorrell N, Li SR, Everest PH, Dougan G, Wren BW. Construction and characterisation of a Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 ompR mutant. FEMS microbiology letters. 1998; 165(1); 145-151. [PubMed: 9711851].
3. Igwe et al., 1999: Igwe EI, Rüssmann H, Roggenkamp A, Noll A, Autenrieth IB, Heesemann J. Rational live oral carrier vaccine design by mutating virulence-associated genes of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infection and immunity. 1999; 67(10); 5500-5507. [PubMed: 10496939].
4. Li et al., 1996: Li SR, Dorrell N, Everest PH, Dougan G, Wren BW. Construction and characterization of a Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 high-temperature requirement (htrA) isogenic mutant. Infection and immunity. 1996; 64(6); 2088-2094. [PubMed: 8675311].
5. Schmidt et al., 1999: Schmidt A, Schaffelhofer S, Müller K, Röllinghoff M, Beuscher HU. Analysis of the Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8 V antigen for cross protectivity. Microbial pathogenesis. 1999; 26(4); 221-233. [PubMed: 10089162].
