VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Nipah virus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. F fusion protein (Protective antigen)
2. G glycoprotein (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

121791

2. Disease:

Nipah virus disease

3. Introduction

Nipah virus was identified in 1999 when it caused an outbreak of neurological and respiratory disease on pig farms in peninsular Malaysia, resulting in 105 human deaths and the culling of one million pigs. In Singapore, 11 cases including one death occurred in abattoir workers exposed to pigs imported from the affected Malaysian farms. The Nipah virus has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category C agent.

The outbreak was originally mistaken for Japanese encephalitis (JE), however, physicians in the area noted that persons who had been vaccinated against JE were not protected, and the number of cases among adults was unusual.

Symptoms of infection from the Malaysian outbreak were primarily encephalitic in humans and respiratory in pigs. Later outbreaks have caused respiratory illness in humans, increasing the likelihood of human-to-human transmission and indicating the existence of more dangerous strains of the virus.

Based on seroprevalence data and virus isolations, the primary reservoir for Nipah virus was identified as Pteropid fruit bats including Pteropus vampyrus (Large Flying Fox) and Pteropus hypomelanus] (Small Flying-fox), both of which occur in Malaysia.

The transmission of Nipah virus from flying foxes to pigs is thought to be due to an increasing overlap between bat habitats and piggeries in peninsular Malaysia. At the index farm, fruit orchards were in close proximity to the piggery, allowing the spillage of urine, faeces and partially eaten fruit onto the pigs. Retrospective studies demonstrate that viral spillover into pigs may have been occurring in Malaysia since 1996 without detection. During 1998, viral spread was aided by the transfer of infected pigs to other farms where new outbreaks occurred (Wiki: Nipah virus).

4. Host Ranges and Animal Models

Humans and pigs can be infected with the virus as well as hamsters which serve as an animal model of disease (Guillaume et al., 2004). Pteropid fruit bats are the primary reservoir of Nipah virus (Wiki: Nipah virus).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. F fusion protein

Gene Name : F fusion protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Nipah virus
VO ID : VO_0011314
NCBI Nucleotide GI : 8164021
NCBI Protein GI : 8164022
Protein Accession : AAF73956.1
Other Database IDs : CDD:306910
Taxonomy ID : 121791
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : fusion protein
Protein pI : 5.9
Protein Weight : 56616.49
Protein Length : 602
Protein Note : Fusion glycoprotein F0; pfam00523

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|8164021|gb|AF238466.1| Nipah virus fusion protein mRNA, complete cds
AGGAGCCAAGCTCTTGCCTCGTTCAGAAGGTTAAACAAGCATTCTTACCATTGGATCAACAAAAGGATTG
GTTTTATCGTCTAAGAAATTTATTGAAAGGCAAAGAAATTCCTGGTTTTATGTTGAATGAGGTGTATCAA
ACTAAGGAGACCTTCTAACAGCCAGGTCATAGGAATATAAATAAAAATAAGAATAAAATTGATTCCATCG
GAAGATTCATTTCAAGAAGTGATCAAATCAAAGCGGTTGGCAGACCTACCAATCATATACCACAAGACTC
GACAATGGTAGTTATACTTGACAAGAGATGTTATTGTAATCTTTTAATATTGATTTTGATGATCTCGGAG
TGTAGTGTTGGGATTCTACATTATGAGAAATTGAGTAAAATTGGACTTGTCAAAGGAGTAACAAGAAAAT
ACAAGATTAAAAGCAATCCTCTCACAAAAGACATTGTTATAAAAATGATTCCGAATGTGTCGAACATGTC
TCAGTGCACAGGGAGTGTCATGGAAAATTATAAAACACGATTAAACGGTATCTTAACACCTATAAAGGGA
GCGTTAGAGATCTACAAAAACAACACTCATGACCTTGTCGGTGATGTGAGATTAGCCGGAGTTATAATGG
CAGGAGTTGCTATTGGGATTGCAACCGCAGCTCAAATCACTGCAGGTGTAGCACTATATGAGGCAATGAA
GAATGCTGACAACATCAACAAACTCAAAAGCAGCATTGAATCAACTAATGAAGCTGTCGTTAAACTTCAA
GAGACTGCAGAAAAGACAGTCTATGTGCTGACTGCTCTACAGGATTACATTAATACTAATTTAGTACCGA
CAATTGACAAGATAAGCTGCAAACAGACAGAACTCTCACTAGATCTGGCATTATCAAAGTACCTCTCTGA
TTTGCTTTTTGTATTTGGCCCCAACCTTCAAGACCCAGTTTCTAATTCAATGACTATACAGGCTATATCT
CAGGCATTCGGTGGAAATTATGAAACACTGCTAAGAACATTGGGTTACGCTACAGAAGACTTTGATGATC
TTCTAGAAAGTGACAGCATAACAGGTCAAATCATCTATGTTGATCTAAGTAGCTACTATATAATTGTCAG
GGTTTATTTTCCTATTCTGACTGAAATTCAACAGGCCTATATCCAAGAGTTGTTACCAGTGAGCTTCAAC
AATGATAATTCAGAATGGATCAGTATTGTCCCAAATTTCATATTGGTAAGGAATACATTAATATCAAATA
TAGAGATTGGATTTTGCCTAATTACAAAGAGGAGCGTGATCTGCAACCAAGATTATGCCACACCTATGAC
CAACAACATGAGAGAATGTTTAACGGGATCGACTGAGAAGTGTCCTCGAGAGCTGGTTGTTTCATCACAT
GTTCCCAGATTTGCACTATCTAACGGGGTTCTGTTTGCCAATTGCATAAGTGTTACATGTCAGTGTCAAA
CAACAGGCAGGGCAATCTCACAATCAGGAGAACAAACTCTGCTGATGATTGACAACACCACCTGTCCTAC
AGCCGTACTCGGTAATGTGATTATCAGCTTAGGGAAATATCTGGGGTCAGTAAATTATAATTCTGAAGGC
ATTGCTATCGGTCCTCCAGTCTTTACAGATAAAGTTGATATATCAAGTCAGATATCCAGCATGAATCAGT
CCTTACAACAGTCTAAGGACTATATCAAAGAGGCTCAACGACTCCTTGATACTGTTAATCCATCATTAAT
AAGCATGTTGTCTATGATCATACTGTATGTATTATCGATCGCATCGTTGTGTATAGGGTTGATTACATTT
ATCAGTTTTATCATTGTTGAGAAAAAGAGAAACACCTACAGCAGATTAGAGGATAGGAGAGTCAGACCTA
CAAGCAGTGGGGATCTCTACTACATTGGGACATAGTGTATTCAGATTGATGAAATTATGTTAGAGAAATC
AGAAAACTTCTGACTTTCAGAAATGGATTGTATACAATTAGTTAGATCATCCTGAATAATCGAGGTGAGA
ACATTGCAACTATAAAATCAGATCATGTAAATAGTTGTAAAAAATTAAAAGCTTCTTTTAATTCTTTTGA
ACAATAATTTAATTAATATATAACATATTCTCTCACACGAGCGCTAACCTATACACTCTCTACTAATATT
TTATACTCATAATTAATGATATAATGACAAATAAGGATTCAAATTGGATTATGATATAGTTTCATACTAC
AATAGCATTTCGACCAAGAAAATATCCTTACAATTATACAATGTACTTAACCGTGAATATGTAATTGATA
ATTTCCCTTTAGAAATTTAATAAAAAA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAF73956.1 fusion protein [Nipah henipavirus]
MVVILDKRCYCNLLILILMISECSVGILHYEKLSKIGLVKGVTRKYKIKSNPLTKDIVIKMIPNVSNMSQ
CTGSVMENYKTRLNGILTPIKGALEIYKNNTHDLVGDVRLAGVIMAGVAIGIATAAQITAGVALYEAMKN
ADNINKLKSSIESTNEAVVKLQETAEKTVYVLTALQDYINTNLVPTIDKISCKQTELSLDLALSKYLSDL
LFVFGPNLQDPVSNSMTIQAISQAFGGNYETLLRTLGYATEDFDDLLESDSITGQIIYVDLSSYYIIVRV
YFPILTEIQQAYIQELLPVSFNNDNSEWISIVPNFILVRNTLISNIEIGFCLITKRSVICNQDYATPMTN
NMRECLTGSTEKCPRELVVSSHVPRFALSNGVLFANCISVTCQCQTTGRAISQSGEQTLLMIDNTTCPTA
VLGNVIISLGKYLGSVNYNSEGIAIGPPVFTDKVDISSQISSMNQSLQQSKDYIKEAQRLLDTVNPSLIS
MLSMIILYVLSIASLCIGLITFISFIIVEKKRNTYSRLEDRRVRPTSSGDLYYIGT

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : Hamsters were immunized subcutaneously with either 10^7 PFU of VV-NiV.G or VV-NiV.F expressing the G and F glycoproteins, respectively, or with the two combined. When the VV-NiV.F-vaccinated animals were challenged with Nipah virus 3 months after the last immunization (1,000 PFU/animal intraperitoneally), there was complete protection against mortality (Guillaume et al., 2004).
Related Vaccine(s): ALVAC-NiV-F , ALVAC-NiV-G , NIpah Virus G and F Proteins Subunit Vaccine

2. G glycoprotein

Gene Name : G glycoprotein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Nipah henipavirus
VO ID : VO_0011313
NCBI Gene ID : 920955
NCBI Protein GI : 13559814
Locus Tag : Nvgp5
Genbank Accession : AF212302
Protein Accession : NP_112027
3D structure: PDB ID : 2VWD
Taxonomy ID : 121791
Gene Starting Position : 8709
Gene Ending Position : 11254
Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
Protein Name : attachment glycoprotein
Protein pI : 8.36
Protein Weight : 62969.63
Protein Length : 602

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>NC_002728.1:8709-11254 Nipah virus, complete genome
TAGGACCCAGGTCCATAACTCATTGGATACTTAACTGTATCTTTCTAAGCTATCACATATCAAAGGAGAG
ATTGAATGCTTTTTTGGAGATCTAGATCATTACTATATGTGTCTCCTATAATCACATCATAGGAGTGAAC
CATAATACACATCTTTGGGTAGGGGAAGGAAAGTATTGTTGACGTACTGATTGATCTGCTTGAGTCAAAT
AATCAGTCATAACAATTCAAGAAAATGCCGGCAGAAAACAAGAAAGTTAGATTCGAAAATACTACTTCAG
ACAAAGGGAAAATTCCTAGTAAAGTTATTAAGAGCTACTACGGAACCATGGACATTAAGAAAATAAATGA
AGGATTATTGGACAGCAAAATATTAAGTGCTTTCAACACAGTAATAGCATTGCTTGGATCTATCGTGATC
ATAGTGATGAATATAATGATCATCCAAAATTACACAAGATCAACAGACAATCAGGCCGTGATCAAAGATG
CGTTGCAGGGTATCCAACAGCAGATCAAAGGGCTTGCTGACAAAATCGGCACAGAGATAGGGCCCAAAGT
ATCACTGATTGACACATCCAGTACCATTACTATCCCAGCTAACATTGGGCTGTTAGGTTCAAAGATCAGC
CAGTCGACTGCAAGTATAAATGAGAATGTGAATGAAAAATGCAAATTCACACTGCCTCCCTTGAAAATCC
ACGAATGTAACATTTCTTGTCCTAACCCACTCCCTTTTAGAGAGTATAGGCCACAGACAGAAGGGGTGAG
CAATCTAGTAGGATTACCTAATAATATTTGCCTGCAAAAGACATCTAATCAGATATTGAAGCCAAAGCTG
ATTTCATACACTTTACCCGTAGTCGGTCAAAGTGGTACCTGTATCACAGACCCATTGCTGGCTATGGACG
AGGGCTATTTTGCATATAGCCACCTGGAAAGAATCGGATCATGTTCAAGAGGGGTCTCCAAACAAAGAAT
AATAGGAGTTGGAGAGGTACTAGACAGAGGTGATGAAGTTCCTTCTTTATTTATGACCAATGTCTGGACC
CCACCAAATCCAAACACCGTTTACCACTGTAGTGCTGTATACAACAATGAATTCTATTATGTACTTTGTG
CAGTGTCAACTGTTGGAGACCCTATTCTGAATAGCACCTACTGGTCCGGATCTCTAATGATGACCCGTCT
AGCTGTGAAACCCAAGAGTAATGGTGGGGGTTACAATCAACATCAACTTGCCCTACGAAGTATCGAGAAA
GGGAGGTATGATAAAGTTATGCCGTATGGACCTTCAGGCATCAAACAGGGTGACACCCTGTATTTTCCTG
CTGTAGGATTTTTGGTCAGGACAGAGTTTAAATACAATGATTCAAATTGTCCCATCACGAAGTGTCAATA
CAGTAAACCTGAAAATTGCAGGCTATCTATGGGGATTAGACCAAACAGCCATTATATCCTTCGATCTGGA
CTATTAAAATACAATCTATCAGATGGGGAGAACCCCAAAGTTGTATTCATTGAAATATCTGATCAAAGAT
TATCTATTGGATCTCCTAGCAAAATCTATGATTCTTTGGGTCAACCTGTTTTCTACCAAGCGTCATTTTC
ATGGGATACTATGATTAAATTTGGAGATGTTCTAACAGTCAACCCTCTGGTTGTCAATTGGCGTAATAAC
ACGGTAATATCAAGACCCGGGCAATCACAATGCCCTAGATTCAATACATGTCCAGAGATCTGCTGGGAAG
GAGTTTATAATGATGCATTCCTAATTGACAGAATCAATTGGATAAGCGCGGGTGTATTCCTTGACAGCAA
TCAGACCGCAGAAAATCCTGTTTTTACTGTATTCAAAGATAATGAAATACTTTATAGGGCACAACTGGCT
TCTGAGGACACCAATGCACAAAAAACAATAACTAATTGTTTTCTCTTGAAGAATAAGATTTGGTGCATAT
CATTGGTTGAGATATATGACACAGGAGACAATGTCATAAGACCCAAACTATTCGCGGTTAAGATACCAGA
GCAATGTACATAAAAATCAACCTCATAATTTAATGGATTGATCTAATATAATGATAATAATCGTACAAAG
ACATGTGATGTAAACAAAATTGTTGTAATTAAATAAGTCCTCAGCTGAATACTTTTTTAAGATTAGCAAT
AGCATGTTTTTCCAGTTATTGGATAGTTGATAATATAATTCTGAAACTGGGTTAATAAATAATCTTGATC
GGTGATCTTTGAGAACAATGATATCATATAGTTCATCAAGTGATAATCAATTCTTTATATGTACACTTTA
GAGTATATTTTGAGACTTAGTATTTTCGGCCCGAATGTTAAATTTAATAGTTCATACATAACCTAAACTC
AAGTTCTAAGCATAATGATAACAATTAATGCGAACTTGTCTTGATGTAAGGAAGATTTGATATTAACTGA
GACTCCACTTGATATAGTAGAGCTGAATCTTGTAAATAAATTATAATGAATAGTTTATTCAAAGATTATC
ATTCATATTAGTGTAAATTAAGAAAA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_112027.1 attachment glycoprotein [Nipah henipavirus]
MPAENKKVRFENTTSDKGKIPSKVIKSYYGTMDIKKINEGLLDSKILSAFNTVIALLGSIVIIVMNIMII
QNYTRSTDNQAVIKDALQGIQQQIKGLADKIGTEIGPKVSLIDTSSTITIPANIGLLGSKISQSTASINE
NVNEKCKFTLPPLKIHECNISCPNPLPFREYRPQTEGVSNLVGLPNNICLQKTSNQILKPKLISYTLPVV
GQSGTCITDPLLAMDEGYFAYSHLERIGSCSRGVSKQRIIGVGEVLDRGDEVPSLFMTNVWTPPNPNTVY
HCSAVYNNEFYYVLCAVSTVGDPILNSTYWSGSLMMTRLAVKPKSNGGGYNQHQLALRSIEKGRYDKVMP
YGPSGIKQGDTLYFPAVGFLVRTEFKYNDSNCPITKCQYSKPENCRLSMGIRPNSHYILRSGLLKYNLSD
GENPKVVFIEISDQRLSIGSPSKIYDSLGQPVFYQASFSWDTMIKFGDVLTVNPLVVNWRNNTVISRPGQ
SQCPRFNTCPEICWEGVYNDAFLIDRINWISAGVFLDSNQTAENPVFTVFKDNEILYRAQLASEDTNAQK
TITNCFLLKNKIWCISLVEIYDTGDNVIRPKLFAVKIPEQCT

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : Hamsters were immunized subcutaneously with either 107 PFU of VV-NiV.G or VV-NiV.F expressing the G and F glycoproteins, respectively, or with the two combined. When the VV-NiV.G-vaccinated animals were challenged with Nipah virus 3 months after the last immunization (1,000 PFU/animal intraperitoneally), there was complete protection against mortality (Guillaume et al., 2004).
Related Vaccine(s): ALVAC-NiV-F , ALVAC-NiV-G , NIpah Virus G and F Proteins Subunit Vaccine , Nipah Virus Vaccine rVSVΔG-NiVBG , PHV02 , rMV-Ed-G

III. Vaccine Information

1. ALVAC-NiV-F

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004734

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for NiV glycoprotein (ALVAC-G) or the fusion protein (ALVAC-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Gene Engineering of G glycoprotein

Type: Recombinant protein preparation
Description: Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for NiV glycoprotein (ALVAC-G) or the fusion protein (ALVAC-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Preparation

Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the fusion protein (ALVAC-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).

h. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

i. Pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Four pigs per group were intramuscularly challenged, with either with 10^8 PFU each or in combination of (ALVAC-NiV-G and ALVAC-NiV-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol: The pigs were challenged with 2.5 x 10^5 PFU of NiV two weeks later (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Efficacy: The combined ALVAC-F/G vaccine induced the highest levels of neutralization antibodies (2,560); despite the low neutralizing antibody levels in the F vaccinees (160), all vaccinated animals appeared to be protected against challenge (Weingartl et al., 2006).

2. ALVAC-NiV-G

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004733

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for NiV glycoprotein (ALVAC-G) or the fusion protein (ALVAC-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Gene Engineering of G glycoprotein

Type: Recombinant protein preparation
Description: Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for NiV glycoprotein (ALVAC-G) or the fusion protein (ALVAC-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

g. Preparation

Canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for NiV glycoprotein (ALVAC-G) (Weingartl et al., 2006).

h. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

i. Pig Response

Vaccination Protocol: Four pigs per group were intramuscularly challenged, with either with 10^8 PFU each or in combination of (ALVAC-NiV-G and ALVAC-NiV-F) (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol: The pigs were challenged with 2.5 x 10^5 PFU of NiV two weeks later (Weingartl et al., 2006).
Efficacy: The combined ALVAC-F/G vaccine induced the highest levels of neutralization antibodies (2,560); despite the low neutralizing antibody levels in the F vaccinees (160), all vaccinated animals appeared to be protected against challenge (Weingartl et al., 2006).

3. HeV-sG-V

a. Type:

Subunit vaccine

b. Status:

Licensed

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Human

d. Antigen

HeV-sG recombinant antigen(Geisbert et al., 2021)

e. Preparation

P1 stock was obtained from CDC, p2 stock was prepared in Vero E6 cells and stored at University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) on 30 May 2011. The virus is stored at −80 °C, tested negative for mycoplasma and endotoxin.(Geisbert et al., 2021)

f. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

g. Storage

The virus is stored at −80 °C

4. NIpah Virus G and F Proteins Subunit Vaccine

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0011407

b. Type:

Subunit vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein

Type: Recombinant protein preparation
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

e. Gene Engineering of G glycoprotein

Type: Recombinant protein preparation
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Immunization Route

Subcutaneous injection

g. Hamster Response

Vaccination Protocol: For protection studies, inbred golden hamsters (Janvier, Le Fenest St. Isles, France) were vaccinated twice (1 month apart) with 107 PFU of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing either the G or F Nipah virus glycoprotein or with 5 × 106 of each of the recombinants when they were used for coimmunization (Guillaume et al., 2004).
Challenge Protocol: The animals were challenged 3 months after the last immunization with Nipah virus administered interperitoneally (Guillaume et al., 2004).
Efficacy: Hamsters immunized with F and G proteins were completely protected from lethal Nipah virus challenge (Guillaume et al., 2004).

5. Nipah Virus Vaccine rVSVΔG-NiVBG

a. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Antigen

NiVB G protein

e. Gene Engineering of G glycoprotein

Type: Recombinant protein preparation
Description: (Foster et al., 2022)
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Vector:

recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (Foster et al., 2022)

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Description

A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease. (Foster et al., 2022)

i. Monkey Response

Vaccination Protocol: For both studies, nine healthy, adult AGMs (African green monkey) were randomized into a group of six experimental animals and a group of three control animals. The six experimental animals were specifically vaccinated by intramuscular injection of 1 × 10^7 PFU of rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG, and control animals were vaccinated by intramuscular injection of 1 × 10^7 PFU of a nonspecific rVSVΔG-EBOV-GP vaccine. (Foster et al., 2022)
Immune Response: All survivors in study 1 and study 2 developed neutralizing antibodies beginning at 7 DPI. Interestingly, animals in study 2 exhibited higher neutralizing antibody titers than subjects in study 1, suggesting a stronger humoral response may be needed to control infection whenever the vaccine is administered at a shorter interval. None of the vector control nor specifically vaccinated animals that succumbed to NiV disease developed neutralizing antibodies. (Foster et al., 2022)
Challenge Protocol: For the first study, all nine AGMs were exposed 7 d after vaccination to 5 × 105 PFU of NiVB, with the dose being equally divided between intratracheal and the intranasal routes. For the second study, all AGMs were exposed 3 d after vaccination to 5 × 10^5 PFU of NiVB with the dose being equally divided between the intratracheal and the intranasal routes. (Foster et al., 2022)
Efficacy: All monkeys vaccinated with rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG 7 d prior to NiVB exposure were protected from lethal disease, while 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiVB challenge survived. (Foster et al., 2022)

6. PHV02

a. Type:

Live recombinant vaccine

b. Status:

Research

c. Host Species for Licensed Use:

None

d. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

e. Description

PHV02 is a live, recombinant vaccine administered as a single intramuscular injection (Freeman and Levenson, 1966)

7. rMV-Ed-G

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0004714

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Baboon

e. Gene Engineering of G glycoprotein

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description: A recombinant measles virus (rMV) vaccine expressing NiV envelope glycoproteins (rMV-HL-G and rMV-Ed-G) (Yoneda et al., 2013).
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

f. Preparation

Recombinant measles virus (rMV) vaccine expressing NiV envelope glycoproteins (rMV-HL-G and rMV-Ed-G) (Yoneda et al., 2013).

g. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

h. Hamster Response

Vaccination Protocol: 8-week-old golden hamsters were intraperitoneally immunized with 2×10^4 TCID50 of rMV-HL-G or rMV-Ed-G (Yoneda et al., 2013).
Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
Challenge Protocol: All hamsters were challenged intraperitoneally with 10^3 TCID50/animal of NiV (Yoneda et al., 2013).
Efficacy: All hamsters vaccinated with rMV-HL-G or rMV-Ed-G showed complete protection. During the observation period (14 days after the challenge), all hamsters immunized with the recombinant MVs showed no clinical symptoms of the disease and survived (Yoneda et al., 2013).

IV. References

1. Guillaume et al., 2004: Guillaume V, Contamin H, Loth P, Georges-Courbot MC, Lefeuvre A, Marianneau P, Chua KB, Lam SK, Buckland R, Deubel V, Wild TF. Nipah virus: vaccination and passive protection studies in a hamster model. Journal of virology. 2004; 78(2); 834-840. [PubMed: 14694115].

2. Guillaume et al., 2006: Guillaume V, Contamin H, Loth P, Grosjean I, Courbot MC, Deubel V, Buckland R, Wild TF. Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against Nipah virus infection in hamsters. Journal of virology. 2006; 80(4); 1972-1978. [PubMed: 16439553].

3. Weingartl et al., 2006: Weingartl HM, Berhane Y, Caswell JL, Loosmore S, Audonnet JC, Roth JA, Czub M. Recombinant nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge. Journal of virology. 2006; 80(16); 7929-7938. [PubMed: 16873250].

4. Wiki: Nipah virus: Henipavirus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henipavirus]

5. Yoneda et al., 2013: Yoneda M, Georges-Courbot MC, Ikeda F, Ishii M, Nagata N, Jacquot F, Raoul H, Sato H, Kai C. Recombinant measles virus vaccine expressing the Nipah virus glycoprotein protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge. PloS one. 2013; 8(3); e58414. [PubMed: 23516477].