Mycobacterium avium is sometimes found as part of a larger complex called the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC is an opportunistic infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system. It can infect one part of your body, such as your lungs, bones, or intestines. This is called localized infection. It can spread and cause disease throughout your body. This is called disseminated infection. With HIV, MAC infection usually happens only after you receive a diagnosis of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and when CD4 cell counts drop below 50 (WebMD - Mycobacterium avium complex).
Molecule Role Annotation :
A M. avium relA mutant is attenuated in calves and goats. This mutant also elicited an immune response in goats that limited colonization by challenge wild type M. avium (Park et al., 2011).
Immune Response:
Co-immunization with p2AIL-12 and DNA-Av35 led to a significant increase in the number of antigen-specific IFN-gamma secreting cells and total amount of IFN-gamma released, but a concomitant fall in the antibody response to the 35000 MW protein (Martin et al., 2003).
Efficacy:
Immunization with DNA-Av35 resulted in significant protective immunity against M. avium infection with a 2-log10 reduction in the M. avium load in the spleen (P < 0.001). The addition of p2AIL12 to the DNA-Av35 vaccine significantly increased the level of protection in both the spleen (P < 0.005) and liver (P < 0.01), with a further reduction in the bacterial load of about 1-log10 (Martin et al., 2003).
Persistence:
A relA mutant is attenuated in goats (Park et al., 2011).
Efficacy:
A relA mutant induces protection in goats from challenge with wild type M. avium (Park et al., 2011).
Host Gene Response of
IFNG
Gene Response:
Expression of IFN-gamma was increased. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IFN-γ was up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (a M. avium relA mutant) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
Gene Response:
Expression of IL-10 was decreased. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IL-10 was down-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (a M. avium relA mutant) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
Gene Response:
Expression of IL-17 was increased. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IL-17 was up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (a M. avium relA mutant) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
Description:
Cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for cytokine detection (Park et al., 2011).
Host Gene Response of
IFNG
Gene Response:
Expression of IFN-gamma was increased in cattle PBMC. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IFN-γ was up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (WT) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
Gene Response:
Expression of IL-17 was increased in cattle PBMC. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IL-17 was up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (WT) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
Gene Response:
Expression of IL-22 was increased in cattle PBMC. Specifically, a quantitative RT-PCR revealed the gene encoding IL-22 was up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map (WT) three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection (Park et al., 2011).
1. Martin et al., 2003: Martin E, Kamath AT, Briscoe H, Britton WJ. The combination of plasmid interleukin-12 with a single DNA vaccine is more effective than Mycobacterium bovis (bacille Calmette-Guèrin) in protecting against systemic Mycobacterim avium infection. Immunology. 2003; 109(2); 308-314. [PubMed: 12757627].
2. Park et al., 2011: Park KT, Allen AJ, Bannantine JP, Seo KS, Hamilton MJ, Abdellrazeq GS, Rihan HM, Grimm A, Davis WC. Evaluation of two mutants of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as candidates for a live attenuated vaccine for Johne's disease. Vaccine. 2011; ; . [PubMed: 21565243].
