VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Alhydrogel
Vaxjo ID	6
Vaccine Adjuvant Name	Alhydrogel
Adjuvant VO ID	VO_0001241
Description	Alhydrogel is the standard preparations for immunological research on aluminum hydroxide gels. The use of aluminum adjuvants is accompanied by stimulation of IL-4 and stimulation of the T-helper-2 subsets in mice, with enhanced IgG1 and IgE production. (Vogel and Powell, 1995)
Stage of Development	Licensed
Location Licensed	United States
Host Species for Licensed Use	2
Components	Crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide AIOOH, known mineralogically as boehmite. The structure consists of corrugated sheets of aluminum octahedra (Vogel and Powell, 1995).
Preparation	Aluminum hydroxide gel (Alhydrogel®) is obtained by precipitation of aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 under alkaline conditions (alum = K2Al2(SO4)4 . 24H₂O) (Vogel and Powell, 1995).
Dosage	Mice were injected with 4 mg of Al-hydrogel.(Munks et al., 2010)
Function	Aluminum-based adjuvants mainly stimulate a Th2-type immune response characterized by increased antibody titers without affecting cell-mediated immunity.(Vaccine Adjuvant Website 2)
Safety	Alhydrogel, an aluminum hydroxide gel, was chosen as the primary vaccine adjuvant platform because of its extensive safety record when used with other recombinant proteins in many age groups and populations. Alhydrogel formulations of blood-stage vaccine candidates generate a substantial immune response in animal studies and are safe. Although Alhydrogel is generally well tolerated in humans, it is a relatively weak adjuvant for antibody induction to many antigens.(Vaccine Adjuvant Website 2)
Related Vaccine(s)	Subunit vaccine Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) (Bacillus anthracis) B. pertussis FhaB and 69 kDa OMP protein vaccine (Bordetella pertussis) BoNT/A(Hc) (Clostridium botulinum ) BoNT/B(Hc) (Clostridium botulinum ) Influenza virus NP protein vaccine (Influenza A virus (A/nt/60/1968(H3N2))) (Influenza virus) Microencapsulated Caf1 and LcrV vaccine (Yersinia pestis) Recombinant PA domain 4 (Bacillus anthracis) Recombinant Yersinia rV10 vaccine (Yersinia pestis) rF1 + rV (Yersinia pestis) Truncated Recombinant DoBV Nucleocapsid Proteins (Dob-N rNp) (Hantavirus) Y. pestis F1 protein vaccine (Yersinia pestis) Conjugate vaccine DAAV using PA and PGA (Bacillus anthracis) DNA vaccine pABFHc2 (Clostridium botulinum )
References	*Munks et al., 2010:* Munks MW, McKee AS, Macleod MK, Powell RL, Degen JL, Reisdorph NA, Kappler JW, Marrack P. Aluminum adjuvants elicit fibrin-dependent extracellular traps in vivo. Blood. 2010; 116(24); 5191-5199. [PubMed: 20876456]. Vaccine adjuvant website 1: Vaccine Adjuvants [http://www6.ufrgs.br/favet/imunovet/molecular_immunology/adjuvants.html] Vaccine Adjuvant Website1: [http://www.niaid.nih.gov/LabsAndResources/labs/aboutlabs/lmiv/productGroups/Pages/asexual.aspx] Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].

Alhydrogel