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GM-CSF
Vaxjo ID	52
Vaccine Adjuvant Name	GM-CSF
Alternative Names	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Adjuvant VO ID	VO_0001294
Description	GM-CSF (Sargramostin) is a cytokine that activates mature granulocytes and macrophages (Vogel and Powell, 1995).
Stage of Development	Clinical Trial
Components	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; Sargramostim (yeast-derived rh-GM-CSF). GM-CSF is a glycoprotein of 127 amino acids. Recombinant human GM-CSF is produced in yeast and it differs from the natural human GM-CSF by substitution of Leu for Arg at position 23 (Vogel and Powell, 1995).
Dosage	GM-CSF (Sargramostin) shows a specific activity of 5.6 x 106 IU/mg as measured in a TF- I cell proliferation assay (Vogel and Powell, 1995).
Function	GM-CSF is able to activate mature granulocytes and monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells, and may have utility as a co-adjuvant for vaccines and monclonal antibodies (Vogel and Powell, 1995). It improves peptide antigen presentation to T cells, and stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
Related Vaccine(s)	DNA vaccine Allogeneic GM-CSF-Based Myeloma Cell Vaccine (Cancer) Allogeneic GM-CSF-Secreting Breast Cancer Vaccine (Cancer) Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Tumor Vaccine PANC 10.05 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo (Cancer) Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Tumor Vaccine PANC 6.03 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo (Cancer) gp100 and GM-CSF DNA/Gold Vaccine (Cancer) HIV-2 DNA vaccine (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Mouse gp100 Plasmid DNA Vaccine (Cancer) T. cruzi Vaccine TcVac2 (Trypanosoma cruzi) T. cruzi Vaccine TcVac3 encoding TcG2 and TcG4 (Trypanosoma cruzi) Recombinant vector vaccine AE37 Peptide/GM-CSF Vaccine (Cancer) Allogeneic Renal Cell Carcinoma Vaccine MGN1601 (Cancer) APC8015F (Cancer) Autologous Colorectal Tumor Antigen-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine (Cancer) Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Breast Cancer Vaccine (Cancer) Autologous GM-CSF-secreting Lethally Irradiated Colorectal Cancer Cell Vaccine (Cancer) Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Lethally Irradiated Leukemia Cell Vaccine (Cancer) GVAX Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine (Cancer) Other Algenpantucel-L (Cancer) Allogeneic Cellular Vaccine 1650-G (Cancer) hTERT Vaccine V934/V935 (Cancer) KLH-Lymphoma Ig Vaccine (Cancer) Subunit vaccine 27-35(27L):MART-1 peptide vaccine (Cancer) Cancer Subunit GV1001 Protein Vaccine (Cancer) PSA/IL-2/GM-CSF Vaccine (Cancer) Prime-boost vaccine with DNA vaccine priming T. cruzi DNA prime/Protein-boost vaccine encoding TcG2 and TcG4 (Trypanosoma cruzi) T. cruzi Vaccine TcVac4 (Trypanosoma cruzi) Conjugate vaccine KLH-FITC Vaccine (Cancer)
References	*Liu et al., 2024:* Liu D, Liu L, Li X, Wang S, Wu G, Che X. Advancements and Challenges in Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccination: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Vaccines. 2024; 12(8); . [PubMed: 39204073]. Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].

GM-CSF