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Poly(I:C) |
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Vaxjo ID |
86 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Poly(I:C) |
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Alternative Names |
polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001332
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Description |
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections. Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, which is expressed in the membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system (Wiki: Poly(I:C)). Double-stranded RNA, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC), acts as an adjuvant that enhances adaptive immune responses (Kumar et al., 2008). |
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Stage of Development |
Clinical Trial |
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Components |
polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) |
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Function |
Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) induces the secretion of type I IFNs, proinflammatory cytokines, and the maturation of DC. TLR3 recognizes poly IC in the endosome and initiates signaling through an adaptor, Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF). There is a TLR3-independent cytoplasmic pathway for poly IC recognition. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda5) represent a family of RNA helicases that sense viral RNA in the cytoplasm. RIG-I recognizes the 5'-triphosphate end of RNA in various RNA viruses, whereas Mda5 recognizes poly IC. RIG-I and Mda5 signaling solely depends on an adaptor, IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) (MAVS/Cardif/VISA). Together, the host innate immune system employs at least two pathways for poly IC recognition (Kumar et al., 2008). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Kumar et al., 2008: Kumar H, Koyama S, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S. Cutting edge: cooperation of IPS-1- and TRIF-dependent pathways in poly IC-enhanced antibody production and cytotoxic T cell responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2008; 180(2); 683-687. [PubMed: 18178804].
Sloat and Cui, 2006: Sloat BR, Cui Z. Nasal immunization with anthrax protective antigen protein adjuvanted with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid induced strong mucosal and systemic immunities. Pharmaceutical research. 2006; 23(6); 1217-1226. [PubMed: 16718616].
Wiki: Poly(I:C): Wiki: Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyinosinic:polycytidylic_acid]
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