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Muramyl Dipeptide Adjuvant |
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Vaxjo ID |
28 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Muramyl Dipeptide Adjuvant |
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Alternative Names |
MDP |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0000187
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Description |
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) have adjuvant activity and can be substituted for mycobacteria incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. MDP is of particular interest since it is a synthetic, small, nontoxic, homogeneous molecule with therapeutic potential (Oppenheim et al., 1980). |
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Stage of Development |
Clinical Trial |
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Components |
The synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, MDPa), was formulated to correspond to a component found in a water-soluble extract of cell walls of mycobacteria used in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (Sugimoto et al., 1978). |
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Dosage |
BALB/c mice were immunized with 100 µg of MDP as a carrier priming (Oppenheim et al., 1980). |
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Function |
MDP enhances thymic-dependent in vivo antibody responses. MDP can activate polyclonal antibody responses and is mitogenic for some strains of murine bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes. MDP in water-in-oil emulsions induces delayed hypersensitivity to included protein antigens but is itself nonimmunogenic. MDP does stimulate increased in vivo phagocytosis by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. MDP stimulates macrophages to produce prostaglandin and collagenase. MDP inhibits macrophage migration (IO) and MDP promotes the cytostatic effects of macrophages on mastocytoma cells (Oppenheim et al., 1980). |
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Safety |
Mycobacterium smegmatis as well as the synthetic analog of the cell wall, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) have adjuvant activity and can be substituted for mycobacteria in complete Freund’s adjuvant as a less potent and nontoxic adjuvant (Oppenheim et al., 1980). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Oppenheim et al., 1980: Oppenheim JJ, Togawa A, Chedid L, Mizel S. Components of mycobacteria and muramyl dipeptide with adjuvant activity induce lymphocyte activating factor. Cellular immunology. 1980; 50(1); 71-81. [PubMed: 6967358].
Sugimoto et al., 1978: Sugimoto M, Germain RN, Chedid L, Benacerraf B. Enhancement of carrier-specific helper T cell function by the synthetic adjuvant, N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1978; 120(3); 980-982. [PubMed: 344799].
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