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Liposomes |
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Vaxjo ID |
13 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Liposomes |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0000366
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|
Stage of Development |
Clinical Trial |
|
Molecular Weight |
Equal to the sum |
|
Appearance |
White, opalescent colloidal suspensions (A-E) (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Storage |
Store formulations at 4° C when in liquid form. Freeze dried formulations stored at 4 or -20° C. Liquid formulations stable (in terms of entrapped antigen release) for at least 1 year when sterile. Precipitated liposomes made into suspended by light vortexing (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
|
Function |
A, potentiation of immune responses (IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b, or IgG3) to protein and peptide antigens; choice of phospholipid depends on antigen; a high mass ratio of phospholipid to antigen (e. g., 10 3 ) optimizes immune responses. B, IL-2, DOTMA, and BisHOP potentiate immune responses to antigens further, acting as co-adjuvants. C, targets liposornes to macrophages with immune responses being greater than with conventional liposomes. D, liposomes act as carrier of Th-cell peptide antigen which provides help for co-entrapped B-cell antigen to overcome genetic restriction 56 and induce immunological memory. E, liposomes may act as carriers of attenuated or live microbial vaccines to deliver microbes and co-entrapped soluble antigens or cytokines simultaneously to antigen-presenting cells or to protect entrapped vaccines from interaction with maternal antibodies or antibodies to vaccine impurities in preimmunized subjects (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Safety |
Liposomes as such composed of PC and cholesterol have been administered to humans in numerous clinical trials with no adverse effects. None of the formulations (A-E) have been tested in humans (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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