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Vaccine Comparison

AE37 Peptide/GM-CSF Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: AE37 Peptide/GM-CSF Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007212
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • Antigen: ERBB2
  • GM-CSF (human) gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • ERBB2 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
    • VO ID: VO_0001294
    • Description: GM-CSF vaccine adjuvant
  • Preparation: AE37 is a novel peptide that is a hybrid of the naturally occurring HER2-derived peptide AE36 (HER2:776–790) generated by the addition of the Ii-key peptide (LRMK) to the N terminal (Mittendorf et al., 2011).
  • Description: A vaccine containing HER2/Neu-derived epitope (amino acids 776-790) linked to li-Key peptide (li-Key/HER2/neu hybrid peptide or AE37), and combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential antineoplastic and immunoadjuvant activities. Upon vaccination, AE37 may activate the immune system and stimulate T-helper cells against HER2/Neu expressing cancer cells. GM-CSF may potentiate the immune response against cancer cells expressing the HER2/Neu antigen. The Ii-Key moiety, a 4-amino acid (LRMK) epitope from the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (Ii protein), increases T-helper cell stimulation against HER2/neu antigen when compared to unmodified class II epitopes. HER2/neu, a tumor associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and is highly immunogenic. This vaccine is used in clinical trials involving breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence (Brown et al., 2020; NCIT_C91719).
References
Brown et al., 2020: Brown TA 2nd, Mittendorf EA, Hale DF, Myers JW 3rd, Peace KM, Jackson DO, Greene JM, Vreeland TJ, Clifton GT, Ardavanis A, Litton JK, Shumway NM, Symanowski J, Murray JL, Ponniah S, Anastasopoulou EA, Pistamaltzian NF, Baxevanis CN, Perez SA, Papamichail M, Peoples GE. Prospective, randomized, single-blinded, multi-center phase II trial of two HER2 peptide vaccines, GP2 and AE37, in breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2020; 181(2); 391-401. [PubMed: 32323103].
Mittendorf et al., 2011: Mittendorf EA, Alatrash G, Xiao H, Clifton GT, Murray JL, Peoples GE. Breast cancer vaccines: ongoing National Cancer Institute-registered clinical trials. Expert review of vaccines. 2011; 10(6); 755-774. [PubMed: 21692698].
NCIT_C91719: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C91719]
Allogeneic Renal Cell Carcinoma Vaccine MGN1601
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: Allogeneic Renal Cell Carcinoma Vaccine MGN1601
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007232
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • CD80 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • CD40LG gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Preparation: Vaccine cells originate from a renal cell carcinoma cell line (grown from renal cell carcinoma tissue), express a variety of known tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and are gene modified to transiently express two co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD154, and two cytokines, GM-CSF and IL-7, aimed to support immune response (Volz et al., 2016).
  • Description: A whole cell vaccine comprised of irradiated allogeneic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Allogeneic renal cell carcinoma vaccine MGN1601 contains two active ingredients: 1) genetically modified allogeneic RCC cells that are transiently transfected with four different MIDGE (Minimalistic Immunogenically Defined Gene Expression) vectors encoding IL-7, GM-CSF, CD80 and CD154 and 2) the synthetic DNA-based immunomodulator dSLIM-30L1, a TLR9 agonist.. Vaccination results in expression of IL-7, GM-CSF, CD80 and CD154, which all contribute to the activation or enhancement of immune responses. Furthermore, administration of this RCC vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against similar host tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor growth. TLR9 is a member of the TLR family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. (NCIT_C95213).

    This vaccine is used in ASET study in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. https://www.cell.com/molecular-therapy-family/molecular-therapy/fulltext/S1525-0016(16)36654-0
References
NCIT_C95213: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C95213]
Volz et al., 2016: Volz B, Schmidt M, Heinrich K, Kapp K, Schroff M, Wittig B. Design and characterization of the tumor vaccine MGN1601, allogeneic fourfold gene-modified vaccine cells combined with a TLR-9 agonist. Molecular therapy oncolytics. 2016; 3; 15023. [PubMed: 27119114].
APC8015F
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: APC8015F
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007271
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • ACPP gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Prostate-specific membrane antigen gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • KLK3 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Preparation: Autologous dendritic cells were pulsed ex vivo with PA2024, a recombinant fusion protein consisting of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prostatic acid phosphatase (Harzstark and Small, 2007).
  • Description: A cell-based vaccine composed of previously frozen autologous antigen-presenting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (enriched for a dendritic cell fraction) that have been exposed to a recombinant protein consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused to prostatic-acid phosphatase (PAP), a protein expressed by prostate cancer cells. Upon administration, the vaccine may stimulate an antitumor T-cell response against tumor cells expressing PAP. (NCIT_C48640).

    This vaccine has been used in trials involving asymptomatic, metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (Small et al., 2014; Ju et al., 2022)
References
Harzstark and Small, 2007: Harzstark AL, Small EJ. Immunotherapy for prostate cancer using antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells: APC8015 (Provenge). Expert opinion on biological therapy. 2007; 7(8); 1275-1280. [PubMed: 17696825].
Ju et al., 2022: Ju M, Fan J, Zou Y, Yu M, Jiang L, Wei Q, Bi J, Hu B, Guan Q, Song X, Dong M, Wang L, Yu L, Wang Y, Kang H, Xin W, Zhao L. Computational Recognition of a Regulatory T-cell-specific Signature With Potential Implications in Prognosis, Immunotherapy, and Therapeutic Resistance of Prostate Cancer. Frontiers in immunology. 2022; 13; 807840. [PubMed: 35812443].
NCIT_C48640: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C48640]
Small et al., 2014: Small EJ, Higano CS, Kantoff PW, Whitmore JB, Frohlich MW, Petrylak DP. Time to disease-related pain and first opioid use in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with sipuleucel-T. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2014; 17(3); 259-264. [PubMed: 24957547].
Autologous Colorectal Tumor Antigen-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: Autologous Colorectal Tumor Antigen-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007280
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • AFP gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Preparation: DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients using IL-2/GM-CSF and loaded with tumor antigens (Gao et al., 2014).
  • Description: A dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous DCs pulsed with tumor cell lysates from a colorectal cancer patient containing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, autologous colorectal tumor antigen-pulsed DC vaccine exposes the immune system to colorectal tumor cell antigens, which may result in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses against the colorectal cancer cells. This leads to cancer cell lysis. The tumor cell lysate contains a range of antigens that are essential for the neoplastic growth and survival of the cancer cells. (NCIT_C123918; Gao et al., 2014)
References
Gao et al., 2014: Gao D, Li C, Xie X, Zhao P, Wei X, Sun W, Liu HC, Alexandrou AT, Jones J, Zhao R, Li JJ. Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells improves survival in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. PloS one. 2014; 9(4); e93886. [PubMed: 24699863].
NCIT_C123918: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C123918]
Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Breast Cancer Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Breast Cancer Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007295
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • Antigen: ERBB2 (NCIT_C82388)
  • ERBB2 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Description: An autologous tumor cell vaccine containing irradiated breast cancer cells transfected with the granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene with potential antineoplastic activity. Autologous breast cancer cells are transduced ex vivo with an adenovirus vector encoding the GM-CSF gene and irradiated and then reintroduced into the patient. Upon repeated subcutaneous administration of the vaccine, autologous GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer cells secrete GM-CSF, which may stimulate a tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. (NCIT_C82388).
References
NCIT_C82388: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C82388]
Autologous GM-CSF-secreting Lethally Irradiated Colorectal Cancer Cell Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: Autologous GM-CSF-secreting Lethally Irradiated Colorectal Cancer Cell Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007296
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • MSLN gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Description: A lethally irradiated, autologous colorectal cancer vaccine consisting of patient-specific colorectal cancer cells genetically modified to secrete the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon vaccination, the autologous GM-CSF-secreting lethally irradiated colorectal cancer cell vaccine releases GM-CSF. In turn, GM-CSF may increase the body's immune response against tumor cells by promoting the maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), and enhancing tumor-specific antigen presentation to both B- and T-cells, which leads to better recognition of tumors by the immune system. In addition, GM-CSF promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and increases interleukin-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer cell function. (NCIT_C111991).
References
NCIT_C111991: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C111991]
Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Lethally Irradiated Leukemia Cell Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: Autologous GM-CSF-Secreting Lethally Irradiated Leukemia Cell Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007297
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • GM-CSF (human) gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • WT1 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Description: An autologous cancer vaccine composed of lethally irradiated leukemia cells that are genetically modified to secrete the immunostimulatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal injection, the autologous GM-CSF-secreting lethally irradiated leukemia cell vaccine secretes GM-CSF. In turn, GM-CSF may stimulate the immune system to attack tumor cells by enhancing the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and promoting antigen presentation to both B- and T-lymphocytes. In addition, GM-CSF promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and increases interleukin-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer cell function. (NCIT_C104419).
References
NCIT_C104419: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C104419]
GVAX Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Name: GVAX Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0007610
  • Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
  • Status: Clinical trial
  • Host Species for Licensed Use: Human
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human
  • CTLA4 gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
  • Description: An irradiated, autologous pancreatic cancer vaccine consisting of patient-specific pancreatic cancer cells genetically modified to secrete the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon vaccination, GVAX pancreatic cancer vaccine secretes GM-CSF. In turn, GM-CSF may stimulate the body's immune system against tumor cells by enhancing the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and promoting antigen presentation to both B- and T-cells. In addition, GM-CSF promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and increases interleukin-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer cell function. (NCIT_C91707).
References
NCIT_C91707: [https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C91707]