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Resiquimod |
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Vaxjo ID |
83 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Resiquimod |
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Alternative Names |
R848 |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001329
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Description |
synthetic TLR7/8 agonist that induces Th1 response |
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Stage of Development |
Clinical Trial |
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Function |
Type: synthetic vaccine adjuvant. Target Receptor: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). Induces Th1-biased immune profile. Resiquimod, a chemical analog of imiquimod, is a potent modulator of the immune response. Specifically, it was demonstrated that resiquimod activates the innate immune system via TLR-7 through the activation of the MyD88 pathway in antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells (Otero et al., 2004). Resiquimod (R848) is a synthetic TLR7/8 agonist that powerfully activates innate immunity and skews adaptive responses toward a Th1 phenotype. By stimulating dendritic cells, monocytes, and plasmacytoid DCs, it drives type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, enhancing antigen presentation and T cell priming. Beyond classic innate activation, resiquimod can reprogram immunosuppressive cells, converting myeloid-derived suppressor cells into functional antigen-presenting cells and shifting tumor-associated macrophages from an M2 (suppressive) to an M1 (pro-inflammatory) state. These combined actions lead to strong cellular and humoral immunity, making resiquimod a potent vaccine adjuvant and an attractive agent for antitumor immunotherapy. |
| References |
Fang et al., 2022: Fang X, Lan H, Jin K, Gong D, Qian J. Nanovaccines for Cancer Prevention and Immunotherapy: An Update Review. Cancers. 2022; 14(16); . [PubMed: 36010836].
Igartua and Pedraz, 2010: Igartua M, Pedraz JL. Topical resiquimod: a promising adjuvant for vaccine development?. Expert review of vaccines. 2010; 9(1); 23-27. [PubMed: 20021302].
Otero et al., 2004: Otero M, Calarota SA, Felber B, Laddy D, Pavlakis G, Boyer JD, Weiner DB. Resiquimod is a modest adjuvant for HIV-1 gag-based genetic immunization in a mouse model. Vaccine. 2004; 22(13-14); 1782-1790. [PubMed: 15068862].
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