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MF59 |
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Vaxjo ID |
62 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
MF59 |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001301
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Description |
MF59 consists of an oil (squalene)-in-water nano emulision and is licensed in Europe in influenza vaccines. MF59 has also been tested with herpes simplex virus, HBV and HIV vaccine candidates (Dubensky and Reed, 2010). |
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Stage of Development |
Licensed |
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Location Licensed |
Canada, Europe |
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Host Species for Testing |
Human |
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Components |
43 mg/mL squalene, 2.5 mg/mL polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80), 2.4 mg/mL sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Structure |
Squalene/ water emulsion. Composition: 43 mg/ mL squalene, 2.5 mg/ mL polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80), 2.4 mg/ mL sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Appearance |
White liquid. |
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Storage |
2-8° C, inert gas overlay (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Function |
Intramuscular injection in combination with a variety of subunit antigens results in elevated humoral response, increase T cell proliferation and presence of cytotoxic lymphocytes (Vogel and Powell, 1995). MF59 is believed to act through a depot effect and direct stimulation of cytokine and chemokine production by monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes (Dubensky and Reed, 2010). It boosts antigen-specific antibody production, including selective isotype and Fc-glycosylation patterns, and promotes both Th1- and Th2-biased responses, resulting in robust CD4? T cell activation and antibodies targeting broader neutralizing epitopes. |
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Safety |
Minor reactogenicity upon intramuscular injection of humans in combination with HSV or HIV antigens (Vogel and Powell, 1995). MF59 has an acceptable safety profile, and with several antigens significant increase in antibody titers with reportedly more balanced TH1/Th2 responses than those obtained with alum were recorded (Dubensky and Reed, 2010). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Bowman et al., 2024: Bowman KA, Kaplonek P, McNamara RP. Understanding Fc function for rational vaccine design against pathogens. mBio. 2024; 15(1); e0303623. [PubMed: 38112418].
Dubensky and Reed, 2010: Dubensky TW Jr, Reed SG. Adjuvants for cancer vaccines. Seminars in immunology. 2010; 22(3); 155-161. [PubMed: 20488726].
Sharma et al., 2019: Sharma M, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Tripathi S. Moving from Empirical to Rational Vaccine Design in the 'Omics' Era. Vaccines. 2019; 7(3); . [PubMed: 31416125].
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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