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Calcium Phosphate Gel |
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Vaxjo ID |
47 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Calcium Phosphate Gel |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001289
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Description |
Calcium phosphate has been used as adjuvant in vaccine formulations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Stage of Development |
Licensed |
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Location Licensed |
Europe |
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Preparation |
Precipitated by mixing soluble calcium and phosphate salts under carefully controlled conditions (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Dosage |
Adsorbs soluble antigens and presents them in a particulate form to the immune system. Normal particle size range from 0.5-15 μm (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Function |
In the United States, alum compounds are the most extensively used adjuvants in licensed vaccines for humans. Although they effectively enhance immune responses, there are several disadvantages associated with their use. The disadvantages of alum-based adjuvants include the severity of local tissue irritation, the longer duration of the inflammatory reaction at the injection site, strong Th2 responses, minimal induction of cell-mediated immunity, and a propensity to elicit undesirable immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses (He et al., 2000). |
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Safety |
Calcium phosphate adjuvant contains no components that are not natural constituents of the body and is very well tolerated (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
| References |
He et al., 2000: He Q, Mitchell AR, Johnson SL, Wagner-Bartak C, Morcol T, Bell SJ. Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology. 2000; 7(6); 899-903. [PubMed: 11063495].
Relyveld, 1986: Relyveld EH. Preparation and use of calcium phosphate adsorbed vaccines. Developments in biological standardization. 1986; 65; 131-136. [PubMed: 3549396].
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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