Algammulin |
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Vaxjo ID |
45 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Algammulin |
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Alternative Names |
Gamma inulin/ alum composite adjuvant |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0001286
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Description |
Algammulin, a new vaccine adjuvant comprising 1-2/Jm particles of the immune stimulant gamma inulin 2 (g-IN) in which alum is embedded (Cooper et al., 1991). |
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Stage of Development |
Research |
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Components |
Linear (unbranched) b-D-(2-1) polyfructofuranosyl-a-D-glucose and alhydrogel (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Structure |
Inulin is crystallized in presence of Alhydrogel suspensions and transformed to gamma inulin at 37° C to form electron-dense ovoids that both adsorb antigen and activate complement (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Appearance |
Milky white, nonviscous aqueous suspension, easily resuspended. Supplied at 50 mg/ mL, sterile and pyrogen-free (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Storage |
2-8°C; maintain in aqueous medium. Do not freeze or heat over 45°C (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Preparation |
Algammulin was the standard preparation, batches AG-11 and AG-18 with g-IN:alum ratio of 10:1, and alum was Alhydrogel. Alum contents were assayed as A13 + by a chelometric method and recalculated as AI(OH)3. Alhydrogel was confirmed to be at the manufacturers' specification of 20 mg AI(OH)3 m1. Emulsions (50/50 v/v in saline containing antigen) of Freund's complete (FCA) and incomplete (FIA) adjuvants (Cooper et al., 1991). |
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Dosage |
Adjuvants were used at 0.1 or 0.2 ml/mouse intraperitoneally (i.p.) (Cooper et al., 1991). |
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Function |
Algammulin is expected to stimulate immune responses by causing ligation of leukocyte-surface complement receptors (CR) via known biochemical mechanisms, thus placing the antigen close to activated leukocytes. Addition of Algammulin is known to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immunity from either Thl or Th2 pathways, depending on the weight ratio of inulin to Alhydrogel (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
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Safety |
Nonpyrogenic, nonantigenic, and of very low toxicity in experimental animals and a Phase I clinical trial. Biodegradable to simple sugars and aluminum hydroxide gel. Large intravenous doses can cause acute complement-activation shock similar to that sometimes found in renal dialysis patients. Dissolved inulin is pharmacologically inert and is registered for human use; alum is also approved for human use (Vogel and Powell, 1995). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Cooper et al., 1991: Cooper PD, McComb C, Steele EJ. The adjuvanticity of Algammulin, a new vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine. 1991; 9(6); 408-415. [PubMed: 1887671].
Vogel and Powell, 1995: Vogel FR, Powell MF. A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1995; 6; 141-228. [PubMed: 7551218].
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