Pinaceae-derived nanoemulsions |
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Vaxjo ID |
406 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
Pinaceae-derived nanoemulsions |
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Alternative Names |
Pinaceae-derived nanoemulsions may also be referred to as polyprenol nanoemulsions. |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0005689
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Description |
These nanoemulsions are oil-in-water emulsions made from oils derived from conifer species in the Pinaceae family, particularly polyprenols, and are used as vaccine adjuvants to enhance immune responses. |
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Stage of Development |
Research |
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Host Species for Testing |
Mouse |
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Second Host Species for Testing |
Pig |
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Structure |
The nanoemulsions consist of polyprenols, which are comprised of multimerized isoprene units, similar to squalene. |
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Appearance |
The appearance varies by the source of the polyprenols: polyprenols from Picea abies appear light yellow, from Abies sibirica appear yellow, and from Pinus sibirica appear yellow-orange. |
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Storage |
The nanoemulsions should be stored at 2–8°C. |
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Preparation |
The nanoemulsions are prepared using high-pressure homogenization, combining polyprenols, other emulsifying agents, and antigens for injection. |
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Function |
Nanoemulsions comprised of Pinaceae-derived polyprenol oils demonstrated long-term physical stability, stimulated cytokine production from human cells in vitro, and promoted antigen-specific immune responses in various animal models, particularly when formulated with the TLR4 ligand glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA). Pinaceae-derived nanoemulsions are compatible with inclusion of a synthetic TLR4 ligand and promote antigen-specific immune responses to pandemic influenza antigens in mouse, pig, and ferret models. |
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Safety |
The article suggests that these nanoemulsions have demonstrated good physical stability and biological activity; however, specific safety data is not detailed in the provided text. |
| References |
Fox et al., 2019: Fox CB, Van Hoeven N, Granger B, Lin S, Guderian JA, Hartwig A, Marlenee N, Bowen RA, Soultanov V, Carter D. Vaccine adjuvant activity of emulsified oils from species of the Pinaceae family. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2019; 64; 152927. [PubMed: 31465981].
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