VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

HMGB1
Vaxjo ID	354
Vaccine Adjuvant Name	HMGB1
Adjuvant VO ID	VO_0005574
Description	cytokine adjuvant that induces Th1 repsonse
Stage of Development	Research
Host Species for Testing	3
Components	plasmid-encoded high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)
Structure	High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a small 25-kDa protein of 215 amino acids that is highly conserved.17 The HMGB1 molecule is organized into three domains: two DNA-binding domains; HMG box A and box B; and an acidic COOH terminus composed of 30 glutamic and aspartic acid residues
Molecular Weight	25kDa
Function	activate dendritic cells and promote CD8âº T cell responses
References	*Fagone et al., 2011:* Fagone P, Shedlock DJ, Bao H, Kawalekar OU, Yan J, Gupta D, Morrow MP, Patel A, Kobinger GP, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Molecular adjuvant HMGB1 enhances anti-influenza immunity during DNA vaccination. Gene therapy. 2011; 18(11); 1070-1077. [PubMed: 21544096]. *Muthumani et al., 2009:* Muthumani G, Laddy DJ, Sundaram SG, Fagone P, Shedlock DJ, Kannan S, Wu L, Chung CW, Lankaraman KM, Burns J, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Co-immunization with an optimized plasmid-encoded immune stimulatory interleukin, high-mobility group box 1 protein, results in enhanced interferon-gamma secretion by antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Immunology. 2009; 128(1 Suppl); e612-620. [PubMed: 19740322].