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          solid nanoemulsion         |  
      | Vaxjo ID | 316 |  
      | Vaccine Adjuvant Name | solid nanoemulsion |  
      | Description | A solid nanoemulsion (SN) formulation containing imiquimod and the model peptide antigen SIINFEKL, with excipients including sucrose fatty acid esters and pharmaceutical oils such as MCT, avocado oil, jojoba wax, and squalene. It is prepared as anhydrous, highly dispersed submicron particles for dermal administration. |  
      | Stage of Development | Research |  
      | Host Species for Testing | Mouse |  
      | Structure | Solid nanoemulsion; anhydrous, highly dispersed vehicles with submicron particle size distribution. |  
      | Appearance | Spreadable properties for dermal administration. |  
      | Storage | Freeze-dried to eliminate water, implying storage in a dry state. |  
      | Preparation | Prepared by high-pressure homogenization of excipients, oils, and antigen, followed by freeze-drying to remove water. |  
      | Function | SN contains a combination of imiquimod with the model peptide antigen SIINFEKL as a novel approach to omit needle and syringe and optimize dermal antigen administration. |  
      | Safety | SN formulations showed reduced imiquimod permeation across murine skin compared to Aldara庐 cream. |  
	  | References | Gogoll et al., 2016: Gogoll K, Stein P, Lee KD, Arnold P, Peters T, Schild H, Radsak M, Langguth P. Solid nanoemulsion as antigen and immunopotentiator carrier for transcutaneous immunization. Cellular immunology. 2016; 308; 35-43. [PubMed: 27318760]. |  |