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saponin and MPLA nanoparticles |
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Vaxjo ID |
260 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
saponin and MPLA nanoparticles |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0005747
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Description |
SMNP is a nanoparticle adjuvant combining Quil-A saponin, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), cholesterol, and phospholipids. It mimics ISCOMs and enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses. |
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Stage of Development |
Research |
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Host Species for Testing |
Mouse |
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Second Host Species for Testing |
Macaque |
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Structure |
~40 nm nanocages Molar ratio (Quil-A:Cholesterol:DPPC:MPLA) = 10:10:2.5:1 Physically incorporates MPLA into the nanoparticle |
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Appearance |
Likely milky white suspension (common for liposomal/ISCOM structures) |
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Preparation |
Components mixed with detergent, dialyzed, filtered, and purified via FPLC Sterile formulation in PBS, injected subcutaneously |
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Dosage |
Mice: 5 µg Quil-A per dose, corresponding to 0.5 µg MPLA NHPs: 375 µg SMNP per side (total 750 µg) |
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Function |
Saponin-containing adjuvants exhibited distinctive mechanisms of action, altering lymph flow in a mast cell–dependent manner and promoting antigen entry into draining lymph nodes. SMNP Together, these findings shed new light on mechanisms by which saponin adjuvants act to promote the immune response and suggest that SMNP may be a promising adjuvant in the setting of HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and other pathogens. |
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Safety |
Safe in mice and NHPs |
| References |
Silva et al., 2021: Silva M, Kato Y, Melo MB, Phung I, Freeman BL, Li Z, Roh K, Van Wijnbergen JW, Watkins H, Enemuo CA, Hartwell BL, Chang JYH, Xiao S, Rodrigues KA, Cirelli KM, Li N, Haupt S, Aung A, Cossette B, Abraham W, Kataria S, Bastidas R, Bhiman J, Linde C, Bloom NI, Groschel B, Georgeson E, Phelps N, Thomas A, Bals J, Carnathan DG, Lingwood D, Burton DR, Alter G, Padera TP, Belcher AM, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Ruprecht RM, Crotty S, Irvine DJ. A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity. Science immunology. 2021; 6(66); eabf1152. [PubMed: 34860581].
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