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MicroCyrstalline Tyrosine® (MCT) |
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Vaxjo ID |
176 |
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Vaccine Adjuvant Name |
MicroCyrstalline Tyrosine® (MCT) |
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Adjuvant VO ID |
VO_0005419
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Description |
L-Tyrosine NLR receptor that induces Th1 response |
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Stage of Development |
Licensed |
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Location Licensed |
UK (Allergy Therapeutics) |
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Host Species for Testing |
Human |
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Second Host Species for Testing |
Mouse |
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Components |
nonessential amino acid l-tyrosine |
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Storage |
Stable at 4C for at least 12 months. Stable at 25C for at least 6 months. |
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Preparation |
During processing steps, MCT is either coprecipitated with the candidate Ag or the Ag is adsorbed to the preformed MCT |
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Function |
Type: particulate antigen delivery system vaccine adjuvant. Induces Th1-biased immune profile. Activation of APCs, activation of T cells and stimulating B cell proliferation (IgG) Vaccine formulations containing VLPs increased antibody production against TRAP compared to that produced by the antigen alone. [PMC7150928] Biodegradable, maintains depot formation for sustained immune response. [PMC7688745] |
| References |
(Kramer, 2024): Vaccine Adjuvant Compendium - VAC [https://vac.niaid.nih.gov/view?id=25]
Balke and Zeltins, 2020: Balke I, Zeltins A. Recent Advances in the Use of Plant Virus-Like Particles as Vaccines. Viruses. 2020; 12(3); . [PubMed: 32121192].
Heath et al., 2020: Heath MD, Mohsen MO, de Kam PJ, Carreno Velazquez TL, Hewings SJ, Kramer MF, Kündig TM, Bachmann MF, Skinner MA. Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT(®)). Frontiers in immunology. 2020; 11; 594911. [PubMed: 33324411].
Kirtland et al., 2020: Kirtland ME, Tsitoura DC, Durham SR, Shamji MH. Toll-Like Receptor Agonists as Adjuvants for Allergen Immunotherapy. Frontiers in immunology. 2020; 11; 599083. [PubMed: 33281825].
Leuthard et al., 2018: Leuthard DS, Duda A, Freiberger SN, Weiss S, Dommann I, Fenini G, Contassot E, Kramer MF, Skinner MA, Kündig TM, Heath MD, Johansen P. Microcrystalline Tyrosine and Aluminum as Adjuvants in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Protect from IgE-Mediated Reactivity in Mouse Models and Act Independently of Inflammasome and TLR Signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2018; 200(9); 3151-3159. [PubMed: 29592962].
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