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Vaccinia virus vector |
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Vaxvec ID |
32 |
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Vaccine Vector Name |
Vaccinia virus vector |
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Vector VO ID |
VO_0000600
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Function |
The genes in highly attenuated vaccinia virus vectors (VACV) that are expressed early during the infection process are usually preferentially recognized by CD8 T cell responses. In contrast, the VACV genes that demonstrate expression at intermediate and/or late times post infection are usually preferential targets for CD4 T cell and antibody responses (Wennier et al., 2013). The timing of expression of heterologous antigens in the VACV system affects the capacity to induce antigen-specific T cell immune responses since the efficiency with which an antigen is processed and presented on the surface of infected cells influences its recognition (Di et al., 2013). |
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Disadvantage |
Vaccinia viruses are not to be administered to severely immunocompromised patients which limits their versatility as a vaccine vector. |
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Description |
Vaccinia viruses are members of the poxviridae family. Specifically, they belong to the orthopoxvirus genera. The genome size of a vaccinia virus is approximately 190 kbp with each virus containing about 250 genes. The genes in highly attenuated vaccinia virus vectors (VACV) that are expressed early during the infection process are usually preferentially recognized by CD8 T cell responses. In contrast, the VACV genes that demonstrate expression at intermediate and/or late times post infection are usually preferential targets for CD4 T cell and antibody responses (Wennier et al., 2013). The timing of expression of heterologous antigens in the VACV system affects the capacity to induce antigen-specific T cell immune responses since the efficiency with which an antigen is processed and presented on the surface of infected cells influences its recognition (Di et al., 2013). |
| Related Vaccine(s) |
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| References |
Buttigieg et al., 2014: Buttigieg KR, Dowall SD, Findlay-Wilson S, Miloszewska A, Rayner E, Hewson R, Carroll MW. A novel vaccine against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever protects 100% of animals against lethal challenge in a mouse model. PloS one. 2014; 9(3); e91516. [PubMed: 24621656].
Di et al., 2013: Di Pilato M, MejÃas-Pérez E, Gómez CE, Perdiguero B, Sorzano CO, Esteban M. New vaccinia virus promoter as a potential candidate for future vaccines. The Journal of general virology. 2013; 94(Pt 12); 2771-2776. [PubMed: 24077296].
Wennier et al., 2013: Wennier ST, Brinkmann K, Steinhäußer C, Mayländer N, Mnich C, Wielert U, Dirmeier U, Hausmann J, Chaplin P, Steigerwald R. A novel naturally occurring tandem promoter in modified vaccinia virus ankara drives very early gene expression and potent immune responses. PloS one. 2013; 8(8); e73511. [PubMed: 23951355].
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