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Vaegen Introduction

Vaccine is one of the most outstanding achievements of modern medicine. It is not only a powerful tool against infectious diseases, but also an indestructible life barrier for human health. The principle of vaccines may seem simple, but there is actually a complex scientific mechanism that simulates pathogens, wakes up the immune system, and lets the body learn how to fight them without being attacked by the actual virus or bacteria. One of the main roles of vaccines is to prevent outbreaks of disease. By introducing weak or dead pathogens into the body, vaccines allow the immune system to recognize these foreign substances and produce antibodies, providing a strong defense against future infections. Whether it's measles, flu, or pneumonia, vaccines can build a solid wall of defense in our bodies against disease. Safety and efficacy are the two keys to vaccine development. The vaccine was developed under strict scientific standards and extensive clinical trials to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Regular monitoring and evaluation is ongoing to ensure the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccine.

Although all the licensed vaccines have excellent safety records, certain vaccines when given to a specific vaccinated population are able to induce mild to severe cases of adverse events (AEs) because often minor genetically determined variations in the DNA sequence of the vaccine host. VAEs can manifest as a particular disease (e.g., rash) or as a pathological bodily process (e.g., inflammation). These genetic variations that bear susceptibility, such as haplotype, allele, SNPs, and insertions, are termed susceptibility factors that increase host susceptibility in developing adverse events (AEs) after vaccination. For simplicity, we have coined the term “vaegen” to represent a gene of the vaccinee that has been verified by strong experimental or clinical evidences as associated with specific VAEs. Due to VAE’s rarity of occurrence in only a specific, small population, these AEs often escape initial clinical safety trials and are therefore not depicted. It is obviously advantageous to perform systematic VAE data mining and analysis to identify the vaegens. This allows for better evaluation and prediction of VAE at the individual level, and is fundamental for personalized preventative medicine that tailors to the individual based on his or her predicted response.

After in-depth research, many vaegens have been found. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic analysis of these vaegens has been performed, and there are no reported central resources that allow annotation, storage, retrieval, and comparison of these vaegens. In order to cope with this challenge, we developed a web-based vaegens VaegenDB database and analysis system (http://www.violinet.org/vaegen). VaegenDB stores manual collation and related information from peer-reviewed articles and supports bioinformatics analysis and comparison of various vaegens.