Eimeria spp. 5800 Coccidiosis Eimeria is characterized by spore cases that contain four spores, each with two infective sporozoites. The Eimeria lie within the family Eimeriidae. This genus has ~75% of the species within this family. and it is the most specious of the genera of the Apicomplexia with 1,700 described species. Symptoms of Eimeria infection include bloody diarrhea due to intestinal epithelium dying off since a large number of oocysts and merozoites burst out of the cells. Necrotic tissue clogs the cecum causing the organ to die. Medications are available for the parasite; however, drug resistance is common as well as possible drug residues in the meat once the animal is butchered. Vaccines have been developed but one vaccine will only cover one species and not others. So far the best practice is to vaccinate the chicks once they hatch from the egg so they are immune for life (Wiki: Eimeria). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.50) Vetech Labs Of Buffalo, Inc. VO_0001663 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.51) Intervet Inc., Merial, Inc. VO_0001664 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.56) Vetech Labs Of Buffalo, Inc. VO_0001665 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.57) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001666 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.58) Intervet Inc., Novus International, Inc. VO_0001667 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.59) Intervet Inc., Novus International, Inc. VO_0001668 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts Vaccine (USDA: 1431.5C) Intervet Inc. VO_0001669 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccidiosis Live Oocysts, Chicken Isolates Vaccine (USDA: 1431.55) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0001670 Live vaccine Licensed USA Coccivac, Immucox, Paracox, Advent, Nobilis Cox ATM Coccivac, Immucox, Paracox, Advent, Nobilis Cox ATM Shering-Plough, Vetech Labs, Novus International, Intervet VO_0001020 Live, attenuated vaccine Clinical trial NA Sporulated oocysts of several or all of the avian species(Shirley et al., 2005) NA E. acervulina DNA vaccine 3-1E VO_0004418 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA [Ref2336:Lillehoj et al., 2005] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma (Lillehoj et al., 2005) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction VO_0000286 Significantly decreased oocyst shedding was observed following injection of the 25- and 50-ug 3-1E DNA groups compared with the pcDNA vector-only group (P < 0.05). Also, significantly increased weight gains were seen following vaccination with 10, 25, or 50 ug of 3-1E DNA, compared with the pcDNA empty-vector group (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicated that in-ovo vaccination with the 3-1E gene induced partial protection against experimental coccidiosis (Lillehoj et al., 2005). Inovocox Inovocox Embrex VO_0001185 Live, attenuated vaccine Clinical trial NA In ovo delivery using proprietary platform injection system(Shirley et al., 2005) NA 3-1E Eimeria acervulina strain QH 51234119 CDD:294086 CDD:238085 5801 ? 3-1E protein 4.02 17907.15 220 Profilin binds actin monomers, membrane polyphosphoinositides such as PI(4,5)P2, and poly-L-proline. Profilin can inhibit actin polymerization into F-actin by binding to monomeric actin (G-actin) and terminal F-actin subunits, but - as a regulator of the...; cl00123 >AAT97982.1 3-1E protein [Eimeria acervulina] MGEEADTQAWDTSVKEWLVDTGKVYAGGIASIADGCRLFGAAIDNGEDAWSQLVKTGYQIEVLQEDGSST QEDCDEAETLRQAIVDGRAPNGVYTRGVKYKLAEVKRDFTYNDQNYDVAILGKNKGGGFLIKTPNDNVVI ALYDEEKEQNKADALTTALAFAEYLYQGGF Protective antigen Lillehoj et al., 2005 journal Lillehoj HS, Ding X, Quiroz MA, Bevensee E, Lillehoj EP 2005 49 1 112-117 Avian diseases Min et al., 2001 journal Min W, Lillehoj HS, Burnside J, Weining KC, Staeheli P, Zhu JJ 2001 20 1-2 267-274 Vaccine Shirley et al., 2005 journal Shirley MW, Smith AL, Tomley FM 2005 60 285-330 Advances in parasitology Wiki: Eimeria website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eimeria