Lawsonia intracellularis 29546 The bacterial pathogen invades the intestinal epithelial cells which causes hyperplasia of the infected cells and leads to the process of disease pathogenesis. Lawsonia intracelluaris is an intracellular enterophathogen that is the cause of intestinal hyperplasia which is an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement (MicrobeWiki: Lawsonia intracellularis). Lawsonia intracellularis infection The humoral response of pigs against L. intracellularis infection is believed to be weak and short-lived (Guedes and Gebhart, 2003). Though the major animal that is most susceptible are pigs, Lawsonia intracellularis has been detected laboratory animals such as primates, pigs, horses, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and hamsters. Though there is evidence of infection in primates, there is currently no direct evidence that Lawsonia intracellularis can infect humans (MicrobeWiki: Lawsonia intracellularis). Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterial pathogen which causes disease in a wide range of animals, mainly pigs. The disease has two clinical manifestations in pigs: (1) an acute hemorrhagic form often called porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy, and (2) a more chronic proliferative form often referred as porcine intestinal adenomatosis. Lawsonia intracellularis though primarily recognized in pigs, is spreading to a wide range of mammals. Based on 16SrRNA gene sequence, Lawsonia intracellularis is related to Desulfovibio, a sulfate-reducing bacteria and Bilophila wadsworthia (MicrobeWiki: Lawsonia intracellularis). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Enterisol Ileitis Enterisol Ileitis Boehringer-Ingelheim Vetmedica VO_0001201 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed Oral Live oral vaccine(Guedes and Gebhart, 2003)(Guedes and Gebhart, 2003) Oral Lawsonia Intracellularis Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 10L1.00) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001795 Live vaccine Licensed USA Lawsonia Intracellularis Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 10L1.01) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001796 Live vaccine Licensed USA Lawsonia Intracellularis Avirulent Live Culture Vaccine (USDA: 10L1.02) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0001797 Live vaccine Licensed USA Guedes and Gebhart, 2003 journal Guedes RM, Gebhart CJ 2003 91 2-3 135-145 Veterinary microbiology Kroll et al., 2004 journal Kroll JJ, Roof MB, McOrist S 2004 65 5 559-565 American journal of veterinary research MicrobeWiki: Lawsonia intracellularis website http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Lawsonia_intracellularis