Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus
11290
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis
IHNV causes the disease known as infectious hematopoietic necrosis in salmonid fish like trout and salmon (Wiki: Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus).
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, and from the genus Novirhabdovirus. It causes the disease known as infectious hematopoietic necrosis in salmonid fish like trout and salmon. IHNV is commonly found in the Pacific Coast of Canada and the USA, and has also been found in Europe and Japan. The first reported epidemics of IHNV occurred in the United States at the Washington and the Oregon fish hatcheries during the 1950s. IHNV is transmitted following shedding of the virus in the feces, urine, sexual fluids, and external mucus and by direct contact or close contact with surrounding water. The virus gains entry into fish at the base of the fins.
Clinical signs of infection with IHNV include abdominal distension, bulging of the eyes, skin darkening, anemia and fading of the gills. Infected fish commonly hemorrhage in several areas; the mouth and behind the head, the pectoral fins, muscles near the anus, and (in fry) the yolk sac. Diseased fish weaken eventually floating “belly-up” on the surface of the water. Necrosis is common in the kidney and spleen, and sometimes in the liver (Wiki: Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus).
Baboon
Papio cynocephalus
9556
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
447135
Bear
Ursus americanus
9643
Birds
Passeroidea
175121
Brown Trout
Salmo trutta
8032
Buffalo
Bison bison
9901
Carnivores
Vulpes
9625
Cat
Felis catus
9685
Catfishes
Siluriformes
7995
Cattle
Bos taurus
9913
Chicken
Gallus gallus
9031
Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes
9598
chinchillas
Chinchillidae
10150
Copper Pheasant
Syrmaticus soemmerringii
9067
Deer
Cervus elaphus
9860
Deer mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
10042
Dog
Canis familiaris
9615
Ducks
Anas
8835
Ferret
Mustela putorius furo
9669
Fish
Hyperotreti
117565
Gerbil
Gerbillina
10045
Goat
Capra hircus
9925
Gray wolf
Canis lupus
9612
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
10141
Hamster
Mesocricetus auratus
10036
Horse
Equus caballus
9796
Human
Homo sapiens
9606
Macaque
Macaca fascicularis
9541
Mongolian Gerbil
Meriones unguiculatus
10047
Monkey
Platyrrhini
9479
Mouse
Mus musculus
10090
None
None
Parrot
Psittacidae
9224
Pig
Sus scrofa
9823
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
9986
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
8022
Rat
Rattus
10114
Raven
Corvus corax
56781
sei whale
Balaenoptera borealis
9768
Sheep
Ovis aries
9940
Squirrel
Spermophilus richardsonii
37591
Tree shrew
Tupaiidae
9393
Trouts, salmons & chars
Salmoninae
504568
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
9103
Vole
Microtus ochrogaster
79684
Water buffalo
Bubalus bubalis
391902
Apex-IHN
Apex-IHN
Novartis (Aqua Health)
VO_0000941
DNA vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
IHNV DNA vaccine pCDNA-G encoding G
VO_0004420
DNA vaccine
Research
pCDNA3.1 [Ref2338:Corbeil et al., 1999]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pCDNA3.1 expressed the glycoprotein (G) (Corbeil et al., 1999).
The G protein expressed by the DNA vaccine construct did confer significant protection in fry up to 80 days post-immunization and induced protective neutralizing antibodies (Corbeil et al., 1999).
VO_0000286
Cumulative percent mortality in fish immunized with pCDNA-G ranged from 0 to 2% whereas mortality in fish immunized with DNA vaccines that contained other proteins or were left unhandled ranged from 36 to 76%. Significant protection was elicited up to 80 days post-immunization, and the vaccine also induced protective neutralizing antibodies (Corbeil et al., 1999).
IHNV DNA vaccine pCMV4-G
VO_0004321
DNA vaccine
Research
pCMV4 [Ref2156:Anderson et al., 1996]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pCMV4 expressed the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein (Anderson et al., 1996).
Fish injected with the glycoprotein-encoding plasmid pCMV4-G, either alone or in combination with the nucleoprotein-encoding plasmid pCMV4-N, generated glycoprotein-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody responses (Anderson et al., 1996).
VO_0000286
The vaccinated fish were protected from subsequent IHNV challenge (Anderson et al., 1996).
IHNV DNA vaccine pCMV4-N encoding the nucleoprotein
VO_0004322
DNA vaccine
Research
pCMV4 [Ref2156:Anderson et al., 1996]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pCMV4 expressed the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) nucleoprotein (Anderson et al., 1996).
VO_0000286
Fish receiving pCMV4-N and pCMV4-G were protected from subsequent IHNV challenge (Anderson et al., 1996).
IHNV DNA vaccine pIHN-G encoding glycoproteins
VO_0004495
DNA vaccine
Research
pcDNA3.1(+) vector [Ref2434:Lorenzen et al., 2002]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
The pcDNA3.1(+) vector expressed viral glycoproteins (G proteins) (Lorenzen et al., 2002).
VO_0000286
Challenge experiments revealed that immunity established shortly after vaccination was cross-protective between IHNV and VHSV whereas no increased survival was found upon challenge with bacterial pathogens. Within two months after vaccination, the cross-protection disappeared while the specific immunity to homologous virus remained high (Lorenzen et al., 2002).
IHNV DNA vaccine pIHNw-G
VO_0011398
DNA vaccine
Research
pCDNA 3.1 vector (Invitrogen)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus glycoprotein antigen
DNA vaccine construction
The open reading frame of the G gene of IHNV WRAC strain was amplifed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specic primers and cloned into the pT7-blue vector (Novagen, Madison, WI). The gene was then subcloned downstream of the immediate-early enhancer-promoter sequences of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) of the pCDNA 3.1 vector (Invitrogen). The resulting plasmid was designated pIHNw-G (previously pCDNA-G) (Corbeil et al., 2000).
Fish from cohort 1 were used for viral challenge experiments, serological analyses, histology, and passive transfer experiments 1 and 2. For these studies two groups of 500 juvenile rainbow trout from cohort 1 (mean weight 2.5 g) were anaesthetized by immersion in 100 μg/ml tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222; Argent Chemical Laboratories, Redmond, WA) and vaccinated by i.m. injection with 0.1 μg of either pIHNw-G or pLuc in a total volume of 50 μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS). A group of 200 fish was left unhandled, and all fish were maintained at 12 °C for the entire study period (Kurath et al., 2006).
The DNA vaccine pIHNw-G encodes the glycoprotein of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine performance in rainbow trout was measured 3, 6, 13, 24, and 25 months after vaccination. At three months all fish vaccinated with 0.1 microg pIHNw-G had detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) and they were completely protected from lethal IHNV challenge with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 100% compared to control fish (Kurath et al., 2006).
. At 25 months post-vaccination a challenge experiment was done with three subgroups of 18 fish per treatment. For each experiment duplicate groups of pIHNw-G vaccinated fish were i.p. injected with IHNV as described above, and the third group was injected with 200 μl MEM without virus. Similarly, two groups of pLuc vaccinated fish were challenged with IHNV, and the third group was mock-challenged (Kurath et al., 2006).
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus NV mutant vaccine
VO_0002979
Live, attenuated vaccine
Research
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Gene mutation
This NV mutant is from Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (Thoulouze et al., 2004).
A NV mutant is attenuated in rainbow trout (Thoulouze et al., 2004).
An NV mutant induces significant protection in rainbow trout from challenge with wild type IHNV (Thoulouze et al., 2004).
G glycoprotein
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
VO_0011109
1489848
9628086
IHNVgp4
KP216199
NP_042679
11290
2998
4524
?
glycoprotein
6.5
54073.98
508
>NC_001652.1:2998-4524 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, complete genome
AATGGACACCATGATCACCACTCCGCTCATTCTCATTCTGATCACCTGCGGAGCAAACAGCCAAACCGTC
AAACCCGACACCGCAAGCGAATCAGACCAACCCACCTGGTCAAACCCGCTCTTCACCTATCCCGAGGGAT
GCACTCTGGACAAGCTCTCTAAGGTCAATGCCTCTCAACTGAGATGCCCAAGGATCTTCGACGATGAGAA
CAGGGGGCTAATTGCCTATCCCACATCCATCCGGTCCCTGTCAGTCGGAAACGACCTCGGGGACATTCAC
ACCCAAGGGAACCACATCCACAAAGTCCTGTACCGCACAATCTGCTCAACAGGGTTCTTCGGGGGTCAGA
CGATAGAGAAGGCGCTTGTAAAAATGAAACTCTCTACGAAAGAAGCAGGGGCGTATGACACCACAACCGC
AGCCGCTCTGTACTTCCCAGCTCCCCGATGCCAATGGTACACCGACAACGTACAAAACGATCTCATCTTC
TACTACACAACACAAAAGAGTGTTCTTAGAGATCCCTACACCAGAGACTTTCTGGACTCAGATTTTATTG
GAGGAAAATGTACCAAATCACCCTGCCAGACTCATTGGTCCAACGTAGTTTGGATGGGTGATGCAGGGAT
ACCAGCCTGTGATTCCAGCCAAGAGATAAAAGCTCACCTCTTTGTTGATAAAATCTCCAATCGAGTCGTG
AAGGCAACGAGCTACGGACACCACCCCTGGGGACTGCATCAGGCCTGTATGATTGAATTCTGTGGGCAAC
AGTGGATACGGACAGATCTCGGTGACCTAATATCTGTCGTATACAATTCTGGATCAGAAATCCTCTCGTT
CCCGAAGTGTGAAGACAAGACCGTGGGAATGAGGGGAAACTTGGATGACTTTGCCTATCTAGACGATCTG
GTGAAGGCCTCTGAGAGCAGAGAGGAATGTCTTGAGGCGCACGCCGAGATAATATCAACAAACAGTGTGA
CTCCATACCTCCTATCCAAATTCCGATCTCCACATCCCGGAATAAATGACGTCTACGCTATGCACAAAGG
CTCCATCTATCACGGGATGTGCATGACGGTCGCTGTGGACGAGGTATCCAAGGACAGGACAACGTACAGG
GCCCATCGCGCTACCAGCTTCACGAAATGGGAACGACCCTTTGGGGATGAGTGGGAGGGCTTTCACGGAT
TGCACGGAAACAACACCACCATTATTCCAGACCTGGAGAAATACGTCGCCCAGTACAAGATGAGCATGAT
GGAACCGATGAGCATCAAATCCGTACCCCATCCAAGCATCCTGGCCCTCTACAATGAGACAGACGTGTCA
GGGATCTCCATCAGGAAACTGGACTCATTCGACCTTCAATCACTCCACTGGAGTTTCTGGCCCACAATCT
CCGCACTGGGTGGAATTCCCTTTGTTCTCCTCCTTGCTGTTGCCGCGTGCTGCTGCTGGTCAGGGAGACC
TCCCACTCCCTCCGTGCCGCAGAGTATCCCCATGTATCACCTGGCAAACCGGTCCTA
>NP_042679.1 glycoprotein [Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]
MDTMITTPLILILITCGANSQTVKPDTASESDQPTWSNPLFTYPEGCTLDKLSKVNASQLRCPRIFDDEN
RGLIAYPTSIRSLSVGNDLGDIHTQGNHIHKVLYRTICSTGFFGGQTIEKALVKMKLSTKEAGAYDTTTA
AALYFPAPRCQWYTDNVQNDLIFYYTTQKSVLRDPYTRDFLDSDFIGGKCTKSPCQTHWSNVVWMGDAGI
PACDSSQEIKAHLFVDKISNRVVKATSYGHHPWGLHQACMIEFCGQQWIRTDLGDLISVVYNSGSEILSF
PKCEDKTVGMRGNLDDFAYLDDLVKASESREECLEAHAEIISTNSVTPYLLSKFRSPHPGINDVYAMHKG
SIYHGMCMTVAVDEVSKDRTTYRAHRATSFTKWERPFGDEWEGFHGLHGNNTTIIPDLEKYVAQYKMSMM
EPMSIKSVPHPSILALYNETDVSGISIRKLDSFDLQSLHWSFWPTISALGGIPFVLLLAVAACCCWSGRP
PTPSVPQSIPMYHLANRS
Protective antigen
The DNA vaccine pIHNw-G encodes the glycoprotein of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine performance in rainbow trout was measured 3, 6, 13, 24, and 25 months after vaccination. At three months all fish vaccinated with 0.1 microg pIHNw-G had detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) and they were completely protected from lethal IHNV challenge with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 100% compared to control fish [Ref1353:Kurath et al., 2006].
N gene
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
1489845
9628083
IHNVgp1
L40883
NP_042676
11290
174
1349
?
nucleocapsid protein
4.56
39826.36
391
>gi|9628082:174-1349 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, complete genome
GATGACAAGCGCACTCAGAGAGACGTTCACTGGACTCAGAGACATCAAGGGGGGAGTCCTCGAGGATCCA
GAGACGGAGTATCGTCCCAGTACGATAACCCTCCCTCTATTTTTCTCCAAGACAGACTTAGACCTAGAGA
TGATCAAGCGGGCGGTGAGTCAAGTCGGAGGAGAGGGAACGAGAAAGGCATTGAGCCTCCTGTGCGCGTT
CGTCATTGCAGAGACGGTCCCATCGGAGGCAGGTACGGTCGCCGAACTTCTGGAAGCCCTGGGTTTCGTG
CTGGAGTCTTTGGACACTGGGGCACCACCAGACGCTACCTTCGCAGATCCCAACAACAAGCTTGCAGAAA
CGATCGTAAAGGAAAATGTCCTTGAGGTTGTGACCGGCCTCCTCTTCACCTGCGCCCTACTGACTAAGTA
TGATGTGGACAAGATGGCCACATACTGCCAAAACAAGCTCGAGCGTCTTGCAACCAGCCAAGGGATTGGC
GAGTTGGTTAACTTCAACGCCAACAGGGGAGTCCTGGCCAAGATCGGGGCGGTGCTTAGACCCGGACAGA
AGCTCACCAAGGCTATCTATGGGATCATTCTCATCAACCTGTCCGACCCAGCCATCGCTGCCAGAGCCAA
GGCACTGTGCGCCATGAGACTGAGCGGGACAGGAATGACAATGGTGGGGCTGTTCAACCAAGCCGCAAAG
AACCTGGGCGCCCTTCCAGCCGACCTTTTAGAGGATCTGTGCATGAAGTCAGTGGTGGAGTCCGCCAGAC
GCATTGTCAGACTGATGAGGATCGTAGCAGAGGCCCCAGGGGTAGCAGCAAAGTACGGTGTCATGATGAG
CAGGATGCTCGGGGAGGGGTACTTCAAGGCCTACGGGATCAACGAGAACGCCAGGATCACCTGCATTCTC
ATGAACATCAACGATAGGTATGACGATGGGACCTCGAGAGGACTGACAGGGATAAAGGTCTCCGACCCTT
TCAGGAAGCTGGCGAGGGAGATCGCTCGTCTCCTTGTCCTCAAGTACGATGGCGATGGCTCAACCGGAGA
GGGGGCGTCAGAGCTGATCCGCCGGGCGGAGATGGCATCTCGGGGACCAGACATGGGTGAGGAGGAGGAG
GAGGACGAGGAGGACGACGACTCCAGTGAGCCAGGAGACTCCGACTCATTCCACTG
>gi|9628083|ref|NP_042676.1| nucleocapsid protein [Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]
MTSALRETFTGLRDIKGGVLEDPETEYRPSTITLPLFFSKTDLDLEMIKRAVSQVGGEGTRKALSLLCAF
VIAETVPSEAGTVAELLEALGFVLESLDTGAPPDATFADPNNKLAETIVKENVLEVVTGLLFTCALLTKY
DVDKMATYCQNKLERLATSQGIGELVNFNANRGVLAKIGAVLRPGQKLTKAIYGIILINLSDPAIAARAK
ALCAMRLSGTGMTMVGLFNQAAKNLGALPADLLEDLCMKSVVESARRIVRLMRIVAEAPGVAAKYGVMMS
RMLGEGYFKAYGINENARITCILMNINDRYDDGTSRGLTGIKVSDPFRKLAREIARLLVLKYDGDGSTGE
GASELIRRAEMASRGPDMGEEEEEDEEDDDSSEPGDSDSFH
Other
NV
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
1489849
9628087
IHNVgp5
L40883
NP_042680
11290
4594
4929
?
non-virion protein
6.96
12583.43
111
>gi|9628082:4594-4929 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, complete genome
AATGGACCACCGCGACATAAACACGAACATGGAGGCACTCAGAGAAGCTCTGCGATACAAGAACGAGGTG
GCCGGACACGGCTTCTCTTTTGATGACGGAGACCTGGTATGGCGTGAAGAGGACGACGCAACGTGGAGGA
GGCTTTGCGATGTCGTCAACGCACTGATTTCCTCCAAGAGGATGCAGCGAGTATTGTACATGGACCTCAG
CATCACCAAGGGCGAGGGGCATCTACTTCTTGTGGATCTCCAGGGGACCAAGAACCGCCTGTACAAAGAA
CCCCGATTCAGGAGACATCTGATCCTGATTGAAGACTTTCTTGCTTATCCCAGATA
>gi|9628087|ref|NP_042680.1| non-virion protein [Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]
MDHRDINTNMEALREALRYKNEVAGHGFSFDDGDLVWREEDDATWRRLCDVVNALISSKRMQRVLYMDLS
ITKGEGHLLLVDLQGTKNRLYKEPRFRRHLILIEDFLAYPR
Virmugen
A mutation in the non-virion protein of IHNV causes attenuated growth in rainbow trout and is able to provide significant protection from subsequent challenge with wild type IHNV [Ref2056:Thoulouze et al., 2004].
Anderson et al., 1996
journal
Anderson ED, Mourich DV, Fahrenkrug SC, LaPatra S, Shepherd J, Leong JA
Genetic immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
1996
5
2
114-122
Molecular marine biology and biotechnology
Corbeil et al., 1999
journal
Corbeil S, Lapatra SE, Anderson ED, Jones J, Vincent B, Hsu YL, Kurath G
Evaluation of the protective immunogenicity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss using DNA vaccines
1999
39
1
29-36
Diseases of aquatic organisms
Corbeil et al., 2000
journal
Corbeil S, LaPatra SE, Anderson ED, Kurath G
Nanogram quantities of a DNA vaccine protect rainbow trout fry against heterologous strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
2000
18
25
2817-2824
Vaccine
Einer-Jensen et al., 2009
journal
Einer-Jensen K, Delgado L, Lorenzen E, Bovo G, Evensen Ø, Lapatra S, Lorenzen N
Dual DNA vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against two different rhabdoviruses, VHSV and IHNV, induces specific divalent protection
2009
27
8
1248-1253
Vaccine
Kurath et al., 2006
journal
Kurath G, Garver KA, Corbeil S, Elliott DG, Anderson ED, LaPatra SE
Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout
2006
24
3
345-354
Vaccine
Lorenzen et al., 2002
journal
Lorenzen N, Lorenzen E, Einer-Jensen K, LaPatra SE
Immunity induced shortly after DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against rhabdoviruses protects against heterologous virus but not against bacterial pathogens
2002
26
2
173-179
Developmental and comparative immunology
Thoulouze et al., 2004
journal
Thoulouze MI, Bouguyon E, Carpentier C, Brémont M
Essential role of the NV protein of Novirhabdovirus for pathogenicity in rainbow trout
2004
78
8
4098-4107
Journal of virology
Wiki: Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus
website
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_hematopoietic_necrosis_virus