Canine distemper virus 11232 Canine distemper virus tends to orient its infection towards the lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues. The virus initially replicates in the lymphatic tissue of the respiratory tract. The virus then enters the blood stream and infects the lymphatic tissue followed by respiratory, Gastrointestinal, urogenital epithelium, the Central Nervous System, and optic nerves. Therefore, the typical pathologic features of canine distemper include lymphoid depletion (causing immunosuppression and leading to secondary infections), interstitial pneumonia, encephalitis with demyelination, and hyperkeratosis of foot pads (Wiki: Canine distemper virus). Canine distemper It is most commonly associated with domestic animals such as dogs and ferrets, although it can infect wild animals as well (Wiki: Canine distemper virus). Canine distemper is a very serious viral disease that affects animals in the families Canidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Hyaenidae, Ailuridae, Procyonidae, Pinnipedia, some Viverridae and Felidae. It is most commonly associated with domestic animals such as dogs and ferrets, although it can infect wild animals as well. It is a single-stranded RNA virus of the family paramyxovirus, and thus a close relative of measles and rinderpest. Despite extensive vaccination in many regions, it remains a major disease of dogs. Canine distemper virus (CDV) spreads through the aerosol droplets and through contact with infected bodily fluids including nasal and ocular secretions, feces, and urine 6–22 days after exposure. It can also be spread by food and water contaminated with these fluids. The time between infection and disease is 14 to 18 days, although there can be a fever from three to six days postinfection. The mortality rate of the virus largely depends on the immune status of the infected dogs. Puppies experience the highest mortality rate where complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis are more common. In older dogs that do develop distemper encephalomyelitis, vestibular disease may present. Around 15% of canine inflammatory central nervous system diseases are a result of CDV (Wiki: Canine distemper virus). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 ALVAC- CDV-H/F VO_0004773 Recombinant vector vaccine Research intranasal immunization An attenuated canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strain expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (ALVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). intranasal immunization Recombinant vector construction Attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). Recombinant protein preparation Attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). Ferrets without maternal antibody were vaccinated intranasally with NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF. While ferrets with maternal antibody were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF (Welter et al., 2000). VO_0003057 Combined i.n.-parenteral immunization of ferrets with maternal antibody using NYVAC-HF produced higher titers than did i.n. immunization with NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF, and survival was also significantly better in the i.n.-parenteral group than in the other HF-vaccinated animals (none of 18) or in controls immunized with RG. Multiple routes were not tested with the ALVAC vaccine (Welter et al., 2000). At 12 weeks of age, the ferrets were challenged with CDV (Welter et al., 2000). Canine distemper virus DNA vaccine encoding F and HA VO_0011489 DNA vaccine Research pCAT basic vector (Promega) Intranasal Intranasal Canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin antigens DNA vaccine construction The Onderstepoort strain CDV HA and F cDNAs were amplified by PCR from a recombinant canarypox virus DNA using, respectively, primers pairs LF185 (5′-ATCGTCTCTAGAATGCTCCCCTACCAA-3′)/LF186 (5′-ATCGTCCGCCGCGGTTAACGGTTACATGAG-3′) and LF187 (5′-CTCGAGTCTAGAATGCACAAGGGAATCCCC-3′)/LF188 (5′-ATCCTGCCGCGGTCAGTGTGATCTCACATAGGATTT-3′). Five micrograms of purified CAV2 DNA were transfected into MDCK cells using Lipofectamine as described by the manufacturer (Gibco Lifesciences). After 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, the serum free medium was removed and replaced by supplemented MEM medium. The culture was incubated at 37 °C for 8 days with supplemented MEM medium being added to it on the third day(Fischer et al., 2002). DNA vaccine construction The Onderstepoort strain CDV HA and F cDNAs were amplified by PCR from a recombinant canarypox virus DNA using, respectively, primers pairs LF185 (5′-ATCGTCTCTAGAATGCTCCCCTACCAA-3′)/LF186 (5′-ATCGTCCGCCGCGGTTAACGGTTACATGAG-3′) and LF187 (5′-CTCGAGTCTAGAATGCACAAGGGAATCCCC-3′)/LF188 (5′-ATCCTGCCGCGGTCAGTGTGATCTCACATAGGATTT-3′). Five micrograms of purified CAV2 DNA were transfected into MDCK cells using Lipofectamine as described by the manufacturer (Gibco Lifesciences). After 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, the serum free medium was removed and replaced by supplemented MEM medium. The culture was incubated at 37 °C for 8 days with supplemented MEM medium being added to it on the third day (Fischer et al., 2002). Dogs of group A were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 via the intranasal route with a mixture containing 105.8 TCID50/ml of vCA13 and 105.8 TCID50/ml of vCA17. Each nostril was infused with 0.5 ml of the vaccine solution. Dogs of group B were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 by the subcutaneous route (1 ml) with an non-relevant vaccine which did not contain CDV and/or CAV2 antigens. Experiment 2: Vaccinations were done with the same experimental design as in experiment 1, with the following exceptions: (1) all vaccinations were performed on days 0 and 28. Dogs of group A and B were vaccinated with 1 ml of a mixture of vCA13 and vCA17 containing 2×10^7 TCID50/ml of vCA13 and 2×107 TCID50/ml of vCA17; and (2) group C remained unvaccinated (Fischer et al., 2002). The intranasal vaccination with a mixture of both recombinant CAV2s provides an excellent level of protection in seronegative puppies, confirming the value of replication-competent adenovirus-based vectors for mucosal vaccination (Fischer et al., 2002). All dogs were challenged intravenously with the virulent NVSL strain of CDV on day 42 after receiving an intramuscular administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride at 1 mg/lb. Challenge consisted of 10 ml (0.5 ml of 1:10 NVSL CDV stock diluted with 9.5 ml of cold PBS) administered intravenously into the cephalic vein. All dogs were observed daily for 2 days until 21 days after challenge to record morbidity and/or mortality (Fischer et al., 2002). Canine distemper virus DNA vaccine encoding HA VO_0011459 DNA vaccine Research plasmid vector pV1J Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canine distemper virus hemagglutinin DNA vaccine construction Immunisations were performed with the plasmid vector pV1J containing an insert of the H gene (1815 base pairs, named pCDV-H) of the Onderstepoort strain of CDV (Jensen et al., 2009). Tonkinese cat The mink kits were vaccinated 4 times. The first vaccination was administered to 5 days old mink kits, the initial dose was 200 μg of the pCDV-H, and divided between 70 μg injected intradermally and 130 μg injected intramuscularly with 27 G 0.5 ml hypodermic needles. The intradermal injections were distributed on the posterior part of the back. The intramuscular injections were distributed in the quadriceps muscle of each thigh and in the tibialis muscles of each leg. The combination of intradermal and intramuscular injections was chosen because this combination induced solid protective immunity in adult mink. The second vaccination was applied at 3 weeks of age under anaesthesia (1–15 mg/kg each xylazine and ketamine). Anaesthesia was applied for animal welfare reasons and to ascertain correct injections since mink are difficult to restrain. The second vaccination consisted of 400 μg with 140 μg distributed intradermally and 260 μg distributed intramuscularly. The third and fourth vaccinations each of 400 μg were given at 6 and 9 weeks of age following the same procedure as the second vaccination (Jensen et al., 2009). The mink were protected against viraemia, lymphopenia, clinical disease and changes in the percentage of IFN-gamma producing peripheral blood leucocytes after challenge inoculation with a recent wild type strain of CDV. Essentially, these results demonstrate that early life DNA vaccination with the H gene of a CDV vaccine strain induced robust protective immunity against a recent wild type CDV (Jensen et al., 2009). The wild type virus used for the experimental challenge inoculation was isolated from a distemper outbreak in farmed mink in Denmark in 2004. This virus was named Mink/DK2004. The H gene of Mink/DK2004 showed 90% identity at the amino acid sequence level to the corresponding sequences of the Onderstepoort vaccine strain. A challenge dose of 3 × 10^5 TCID50 was administered partly intraperitoneally and intramuscularly (20% suspension) and to the conjunctival and nasal mucosa (10% suspension) to anaesthetised mink (Jensen et al., 2009). Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13A1.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Neotech, LLC VO_0002098 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13A1.27) Wyeth VO_0002099 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4629.27) Wyeth VO_0002207 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2 Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4629.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002206 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002136 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.21) Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002137 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.25) Wyeth VO_0002138 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1599.29) Wyeth VO_0002139 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin (USDA: 47C5.20) Wyeth VO_0002241 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin (USDA: 47C5.29) Wyeth VO_0002242 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Borrelia Burgdorferi Bacterin-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46B9.21) Wyeth VO_0002219 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.25) Wyeth VO_0002231 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.29) Wyeth VO_0002234 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 47L9.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002246 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.21) Wyeth VO_0002230 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.26) Wyeth VO_0002232 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46J9.27) Wyeth VO_0002233 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J7.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002226 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J7.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002227 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002229 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46L9.27) Wyeth VO_0002236 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J9.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002235 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus; Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1591.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002135 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46P9.27) Wyeth VO_0002237 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Measles-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1341.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002095 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13C1.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002100 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4659.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002218 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.20) Intervet Inc., Aceto Pharma Corp. VO_0002101 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.21) Wyeth, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002102 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.22) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002103 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.23) Intervet Inc. VO_0002104 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.25) Wyeth VO_0002105 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.27) Wyeth VO_0002106 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.28) Wyeth VO_0002107 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.29) Wyeth VO_0002108 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.T0) Wyeth VO_0002110 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4637.29) Wyeth VO_0002211 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.25) Wyeth VO_0002214 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Grippotyphosa-Icterohaemorrhagiae-Pomona Bacterin (USDA: 47K1.20) Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002245 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.27) Wyeth VO_0002215 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 4639.28) Wyeth VO_0002216 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.20)_ Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002208 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.22) Intervet Inc. VO_0002209 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4637.23) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002210 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.21) Wyeth, Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002212 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.22) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002213 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 46J8.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002228 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 13D1.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002109 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 4639.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002217 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13G9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002111 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.20) Wyeth, Intervet Inc. VO_0002090 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.25) Wyeth VO_0002091 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.27) Wyeth VO_0002092 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1331.30) Intervet Inc. VO_0002093 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus, Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1331.R1) Merial, Inc. VO_0002094 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parvovirus-Rabies Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13H9.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002112 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14D7.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002117 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14D9.27) Wyeth VO_0002118 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Hepatitis-Parainfluenza Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1381.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002097 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Hepatitis-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Canicola-Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterin (USDA: 47P9.22) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002247 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Measles Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1351.20) Pfizer, Inc. VO_0002096 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13P1.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002113 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Parvovirus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 13P1.27) Wyeth VO_0002114 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Distemper Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 1471.R0) Merial, Inc. VO_0001748 Live vaccine Licensed USA Distemper Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1471.10) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001749 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1451.00) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001536 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1451.01) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001537 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1451.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0001538 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper-Enteritis Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1679.31) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001832 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper-Enteritis Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Clostridium Botulinum Type C Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 4929.31) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001833 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper-Enteritis Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Clostridium Botulinum Type C-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 4949.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0001834 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper-Enteritis Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Clostridium Botulinum Type C-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 4949.31) United Vaccines, Inc. VO_0001835 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Mink Distemper-Enteritis Modified Live Virus & Killed Virus Vaccine-Clostridium Botulinum Type C Bacterin-Toxoid (USDA: 4929.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0001836 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA NYVAC- CDV-H/F VO_0004772 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) An attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) vaccine strain expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant vector construction Attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). Recombinant vector construction Attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) (Welter et al., 2000). Ferrets without maternal antibody were vaccinated intranasally with NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF. While ferrets with maternal antibody were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF (Welter et al., 2000). VO_0003057 Both the NYVAC and attenuated CDV vaccines protected against the development of some clinical signs of infection. The results suggest that infant ferrets are less responsive to i.n. vaccination (Welter et al., 2000). At 12 weeks of age, the ferrets were challenged with CDV (Welter et al., 2000). PUREVAXFerret Distemper PUREVAXFerret Distemper Merial VO_0001159 Recombinant vector vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canarypox virus-vectored vaccine Intramuscular injection (i.m.) RECOMBITEK rDistemper RECOMBITEK rDistemper Merial VO_0001097 Recombinant vector vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canarypox virus-vectored vaccine (HA and F antigens) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) CDVgp5 Canine morbillivirus VO_0011053 1489793 9630650 CDVgp5 AF014953 NP_047205 11232 4934 6922 + fusion protein F 9.25 69080.65 662 >NC_001921.1:4934-6922 Canine distemper virus, complete genome CATGCACAAGGGAATCCCCAAAAGCTCCAAAACCCAAACACATACCCAACAAGACCGCCCCCCACAACCC AGCACCGAACTCGAAGAGACCAGGACCTCCCGAGCACGACACAGCACAACATCAGCTCAGCGATCCACGC ACTACGATCCTCGAACATCGGACAGACCCGTCTCCTACACCATGAACAGGACCAGGTCCCGCAAGCAAAC CAGCCACAGATTGAAGAACATCCCAGTTCACGGAAACCACGAGGCCACCATCCAGCACATACCAGAGAGT GTCTCAAAAGGAGCGAGATCCCAGATCGAAAGGCGGCAACCCAATGCAATCAACTCAGGCTCTCAGTGCA CCTGGTTAGTCCTGTGGTGCCTCGGAATGGCCAGTCTCTTTCTTTGTTCCAAGGCTCAGATACATTGGAA TAATTTGTCAACTATTGGGATTATCGGGACTGATAGTGTCCATTACAAGATCATGACTAGGCCCAGTCAC CAGTACTTGGTCATAAAACTGATGCCTAATGTTTCACTTATAGAGAATTGTACCAAAGCAGAATTAGGTG AGTATGAGAAATTATTGAATTCAGTCCTCGAACCAATCAACCAAGCTTTGACTCTAATGACCAAGAATGT GAAGCCCCTGCAGTCATTAGGGTCAGGTAGGAGACAAAGGCGTTTTGCAGGAGTGGTACTTGCAGGTGTA GCTTTAGGAGTGGCTACAGCTGCACAAATCACTGCAGGAATAGCTTTACATCAATCCAACCTCAATGCTC AAGCAATCCAATCTCTTAGAACCAGCCTTGAACAGTCTAACAAAGCTATAGAAGAAATTAGGGAGGCTAC CCAAGAAACCGTCATTGCCGTTCAGGGAGTCCAGGACTACGTCAACAACGAACTCGTCCCTGCCATGCAA CATATGTCATGTGAATTAGTTGGGCAGAGATTAGGGTTAAGACTGCTTCGGTATTATACTGAGTTGTTGT CAATATTTGGCCCGAGTTTACGTGACCCTATTTCAGCCGAGATATCAATTCAGGCACTGATTTATGCTCT TGGAGGAGAAATTCATAAGATACTTGAGAAGTTGGGATATTCTGGAAGTGATATGATTGCAATCTTGGAG AGTCGGGGGATAAAAACAAAAATAACTCATGTTGATCTTCCCGGGAAATTCATCATCCTAAGTATCTCAT ACCCAACTTTATCAGAAGTCAAGGGGGTTATAGTCCACAGACTGGAAGCAGTTTCTTACAACATAGGATC ACAAGAGTGGTACACCACTGTCCCGAGGTATATTGCAACTAATGGTTACTTAATATCTAATTTTGATGAG TCATCTTGTGTATTCGTCTCAGAGTCAGCCATTTGTAGCCAGAACTCCCTGTATCCCATGAGCCCACTCT TACAACAATGTATTAGGGGCGACACTTCATCTTGTGCTCGGACCTTGGTATCTGGGACTATGGGCAACAA ATTTATTCTGTCAAAAGGTAATATCGTCGCAAATTGTGCTTCTATACTATGTAAGTGTTATAGCACAAGC ACAATTATTAATCAGAGTCCTGATAAGTTGCTGACATTCATTGCCTCCGATACCTGCCCACTGGTTGAAA TAGATGGTGCTACTATCCAAGTTGGAGGCAGGCAATACCCTGATATGGTATACGAAGGCAAAGTTGCCTT AGGCCCTGCTATATCACTTGATAGGTTAGATGTAGGTACAAACTTAGGGAACGCCCTTAAGAAACTGGAT GATGCTAAGGTACTGATAGACTCCTCTAACCAGATCCTTGAGACGGTTAGGCGCTCTTCCTTTAATTTTG GCAGTCTCCTCAGTGTTCCTATATTAAGTTGTACAGCCCTGGCTTTGTTGTTGCTGATTTACTGTTGTAA AAGACGCTACCAACAGACACTCAAGCAGCATACTAAGGTCGATCCGGCATTTAAACCTGATCTAACTGGA ACTTCGAAATCCTATGTGAGATCACTCTG >NP_047205.1 fusion protein F [Canine morbillivirus] MHKGIPKSSKTQTHTQQDRPPQPSTELEETRTSRARHSTTSAQRSTHYDPRTSDRPVSYTMNRTRSRKQT SHRLKNIPVHGNHEATIQHIPESVSKGARSQIERRQPNAINSGSQCTWLVLWCLGMASLFLCSKAQIHWN NLSTIGIIGTDSVHYKIMTRPSHQYLVIKLMPNVSLIENCTKAELGEYEKLLNSVLEPINQALTLMTKNV KPLQSLGSGRRQRRFAGVVLAGVALGVATAAQITAGIALHQSNLNAQAIQSLRTSLEQSNKAIEEIREAT QETVIAVQGVQDYVNNELVPAMQHMSCELVGQRLGLRLLRYYTELLSIFGPSLRDPISAEISIQALIYAL GGEIHKILEKLGYSGSDMIAILESRGIKTKITHVDLPGKFIILSISYPTLSEVKGVIVHRLEAVSYNIGS QEWYTTVPRYIATNGYLISNFDESSCVFVSESAICSQNSLYPMSPLLQQCIRGDTSSCARTLVSGTMGNK FILSKGNIVANCASILCKCYSTSTIINQSPDKLLTFIASDTCPLVEIDGATIQVGGRQYPDMVYEGKVAL GPAISLDRLDVGTNLGNALKKLDDAKVLIDSSNQILETVRRSSFNFGSLLSVPILSCTALALLLLIYCCK RRYQQTLKQHTKVDPAFKPDLTGTSKSYVRSL Protective antigen Study reports the engineering and the characterization of two replication-competent canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2)-based vaccines expressing, respectively, the CDV hemagglutinin (HA) and fusion (F) antigens (CDVgp5). We first demonstrated that the intranasal vaccination with a mixture of both recombinant CAV2s provides an excellent level of protection in seronegative puppies, confirming the value of replication-competent adenovirus-based vectors for mucosal vaccination [Ref1049:Fischer et al., 2002]. CDVgp6 haemagglutinin protein H Canine morbillivirus VO_0011052 1489792 9630651 CDVgp6 AB472690 NP_047206 11232 7078 8892 + haemagglutinin protein H 7.18 63919.26 604 >NC_001921.1:7078-8892 Canine distemper virus, complete genome AATGCTCCCCTACCAAGACAAGGTGGGTGCCTTCTACAAGGATAATGCAAGAGCCAATTCAACCAAGCTG TCCTTAGTGACAGAAGGACATGGGGGCAGGAGACCACCTTATTTGTTGTTTGTCCTTCTCATCTTATTGG TTGGTATCCTGGCCTTGCTTGCTATCACTGGAGTTCGATTTCACCAAGTATCAACTAGTAATATGGAATT TAGCAGATTGCTGAAAGAGGATATGGAGAAATCAGAGGCCGTACATCACCAAGTCATAGATGTCTTGACA CCGCTCTTCAAGATTATTGGAGATGAGATTGGGTTACGGTTGCCACAAAAGCTAAACGAGATCAAACAAT TTATCCTTCAAAAGACAAATTTCTTCAATCCGAACAGAGAATTCGACTTCCGCGATCTCCACTGGTGCAT TAACCCGCCTAGTACGGTCAAGGTGAATTTTACTAATTACTGTGAGTCAATTGGGATCAGAAAAGCTATT GCATCGGCAGCAAATCCTATCCTTTTATCAGCCCTATCTGGGGGCAGAGGTGACATATTCCCACCACACA GATGCAGTGGAGCTACTACTTCAGTAGGCAAAGTTTTCCCCCTATCAGTCTCATTATCCATGTCTTTGAT CTCAAGAACCTCAGAGGTAATCAATATGCTGACCGCTATCTCAGACGGCGTGTATGGCAAAACTTACTTG CTAGTGCCTGATGATATAGAAAGAGAGTTCGACACTCGAGAGATTCGAGTCTTTGAAATAGGGTTCATCA AAAGGTGGCTGAATGACATGCCATTACTCCAAACAACCAACTATATGGTACTCCCGAAGAATTCCAAAGC CAAGGTATGTACTATAGCAGTGGGTGAGTTGACACTGGCTTCCTTGTGTGTAGAAGAGAGCACTGTATTA TTATATCATGACAGCAGTGGTTCACAAGATGGTATTCTAGTAGTGACACTGGGGATATTTTGGGCAACAC CTATGGATCACATTGAGGAAGTGATACCTGTCGCTCACCCATCAATGAAGAAAATACATATAACAAACCA CCGTGGTTTTATAAAAGATTCAATTGCAACCTGGATGGTGCCTGCCCTGGCCTCTGAGAAACAAGAAGAA CAAAAAGGTTGTCTGGAGTCAGCTTGTCAAAGAAAAACCTACCCCATGTGCAACCAAGCGTCATGGGAAC CCTTCGGAGGAAGACAGTTGCCATCTTATGGGCGGTTGACATTACCTCTAGATGCAAGTGTTGACCTTCA ACTTAACATATCGTTCACATACGGTCCGGTTATACTGAATGGAGATGGTATGGATTATTATGAAAGCCCA CTTTTGAACTCCGGATGGCTTACCATTCCCCCCAAAGACGGAACAATCTCTGGATTGATAAACAAAGCAG GTAGAGGAGACCAGTTCACTGTACTCCCCCATGTGTTAACATTTGCGCCCAGGGAATCAAGTGGAAATTG TTATTTACCTATTCAAACATCTCAAATTAGAGATAGAGATGTCCTCATTGAGTCCAATATAGTGGTGTTG CCTACACAGAGTATTAGATATGTCATAGCAACGTATGACATATCACGAAGTGATCATGCTATTGTTTATT ATGTTTATGACCCAATCCGGACGATTTCTTATACGCACCCATTTAGACTAACTACCAAGGGTAGACCTGA TTTCCTAAGGATTGAATGTTTTGTGTGGGATGACAATTTGTGGTGTCACCAATTTTACAGATTCGAGGCT GACATCGCCAACTCTACAACCAGTGTTGAGAATTTAGTCCGTATAAGATTCTCATGTAACCGTTA >NP_047206.1 haemagglutinin protein H [Canine morbillivirus] MLPYQDKVGAFYKDNARANSTKLSLVTEGHGGRRPPYLLFVLLILLVGILALLAITGVRFHQVSTSNMEF SRLLKEDMEKSEAVHHQVIDVLTPLFKIIGDEIGLRLPQKLNEIKQFILQKTNFFNPNREFDFRDLHWCI NPPSTVKVNFTNYCESIGIRKAIASAANPILLSALSGGRGDIFPPHRCSGATTSVGKVFPLSVSLSMSLI SRTSEVINMLTAISDGVYGKTYLLVPDDIEREFDTREIRVFEIGFIKRWLNDMPLLQTTNYMVLPKNSKA KVCTIAVGELTLASLCVEESTVLLYHDSSGSQDGILVVTLGIFWATPMDHIEEVIPVAHPSMKKIHITNH RGFIKDSIATWMVPALASEKQEEQKGCLESACQRKTYPMCNQASWEPFGGRQLPSYGRLTLPLDASVDLQ LNISFTYGPVILNGDGMDYYESPLLNSGWLTIPPKDGTISGLINKAGRGDQFTVLPHVLTFAPRESSGNC YLPIQTSQIRDRDVLIESNIVVLPTQSIRYVIATYDISRSDHAIVYYVYDPIRTISYTHPFRLTTKGRPD FLRIECFVWDDNLWCHQFYRFEADIANSTTSVENLVRIRFSCNR Protective antigen Young mink kits (n=8) were vaccinated with DNA plasmids encoding the viral haemagglutinin protein (H) of a vaccine strain of Canine distemper virus (CDV). The mink were protected against viraemia, lymphopenia, clinical disease and changes in the percentage of IFN-gamma producing peripheral blood leucocytes after challenge inoculation with a recent wild type strain of CDV. Essentially, these results demonstrate that early life DNA vaccination with the H gene of a CDV vaccine strain induced robust protective immunity against a recent wild type CDV [Ref1048:Jensen et al., 2009]. Fischer et al., 2002 journal Fischer L, Tronel JP, Pardo-David C, Tanner P, Colombet G, Minke J, Audonnet JC 2002 20 29-30 3485-3497 Vaccine Jensen et al., 2009 journal Jensen TH, Nielsen L, Aasted B, Blixenkrone-Møller M 2009 27 38 5178-5183 Vaccine Welter et al., 2000 journal Welter J, Taylor J, Tartaglia J, Paoletti E, Stephensen CB 2000 74 14 6358-6367 Journal of virology Wiki: Canine distemper virus website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_distemper_virus