Canine coronavirus 11153 Intestinal disease Canine coronavirus is a virus of the family Coronaviridae that causes a highly contagious intestinal disease worldwide in dogs. It was discovered in 1971 in Germany during an outbreak in sentry dogs. The virus invades and replicates in the villi of the small intestine. Intestinal disease may be related to virus-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) of cells of the epithelial mucosa of the small intestine. Canine coronavirus was originally thought to cause serious gastrointestinal disease, but now most cases are considered to be very mild or without symptoms. A more serious complication of canine coronavirus occurs when the dog is also infected with canine parvovirus. Coronavirus infection of the intestinal villi makes the cells more susceptible to parvovirus infection. This causes a much more severe disease than either virus can separately. However, fatal intestinal disease associated with canine coronavirus without the presence of canine parvovirus is still occasionally reported. This may be related to the high mutation rate of RNA positive stranded viruses, of which canine coronavirus is one. The incubation period is only one to three days. The disease is highly contagious and is spread through the feces of infected dogs, who usually shed the virus for six to nine days, but sometimes for six months following infection. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia. Diagnosis is through detection of virus particles in the feces. Treatment usually only requires medication for diarrhea, but more severely affected dogs may require intravenous fluids for dehydration. Fatalities are rare (Wiki: Canine coronavirus). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Canine Coronavirus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14P5.20) Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Pfizer, Inc., VacciCel, Inc. 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VO_0002135 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine-Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae Bacterial Extract (USDA: 46P9.27) Wyeth VO_0002237 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14D7.20) Intervet Inc. VO_0002117 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Canine Distemper-Coronavirus-Parvovirus Modified Live & Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 14D9.27) Wyeth VO_0002118 Live, attenuated vaccine; Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA RECOMBITEK Corona MLV RECOMBITEK Corona MLV Merial VO_0000923 Live, attenuated vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Modified live virus(Pardo et al., 1999) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Pardo et al., 1999 journal Pardo MC, M. Mackowiak 1999 24 6-8 Canine Practice Qiao et al., 2005 journal Qiao J, Xia XZ, Yang ST, Hu GX, Xie ZJ 2005 45 4 588-592 Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica Wiki: Canine coronavirus website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_coronavirus