Hepatitis B virus
10407
HBV primarily interferes with the functions of the liver by replicating in hepatocytes. HBV virions bind to the host cell via the preS domain of the viral surface antigen, leading to subsequent internalization through endocytosis. HBV-preS specific receptors are primarily expressed on hepatocytes. During HBV infection, the host immune response causes both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance. The innate immune response does not play a significant role in these processes. The adaptive immune response, particularly virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), contributes to most of the liver injury associated with HBV infection. Liver damage is initiated and mediated by the CTLs. Antigen-nonspecific inflammatory cells can worsen CTL-induced immunopathology (Wiki: Hepatitis B).
Hepatitis B
During HBV infection, the host immune response causes both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance. Although the innate immune response does not play a significant role in these processes, the adaptive immune response, particularly virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), contributes to most of the liver injury associated with HBV infection. By killing infected cells and by producing antiviral cytokines capable of purging HBV from viable hepatocytes, CTLs eliminate the virus. Although liver damage is initiated and mediated by the CTLs, antigen-nonspecific inflammatory cells can worsen CTL-induced immunopathology, and platelets activated at the site of infection may facilitate the accumulation of CTLs in the liver (Wiki: Hepatitis B).
Hepatitis B virus infects the liver of apes including humans (Wiki: Hepatitis B).
Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus that infects the liver of hominoidae (including humans) and causes hepatitis. It has caused epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa. About a third of the world's population, more than 2 billion people, have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. The acute illness causes liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice and - rarely - death. Chronic hepatitis B may eventually cause liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. This disease is preventable by vaccination (Wiki: Hepatitis B).
Baboon
Papio cynocephalus
9556
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
447135
Bear
Ursus americanus
9643
Birds
Passeroidea
175121
Brown Trout
Salmo trutta
8032
Buffalo
Bison bison
9901
Carnivores
Vulpes
9625
Cat
Felis catus
9685
Catfishes
Siluriformes
7995
Cattle
Bos taurus
9913
Chicken
Gallus gallus
9031
Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes
9598
chinchillas
Chinchillidae
10150
Copper Pheasant
Syrmaticus soemmerringii
9067
Deer
Cervus elaphus
9860
Deer mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
10042
Dog
Canis familiaris
9615
Ducks
Anas
8835
Ferret
Mustela putorius furo
9669
Fish
Hyperotreti
117565
Gerbil
Gerbillina
10045
Goat
Capra hircus
9925
Gray wolf
Canis lupus
9612
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
10141
Hamster
Mesocricetus auratus
10036
Horse
Equus caballus
9796
Human
Homo sapiens
9606
Macaque
Macaca fascicularis
9541
Mongolian Gerbil
Meriones unguiculatus
10047
Monkey
Platyrrhini
9479
Mouse
Mus musculus
10090
None
None
Parrot
Psittacidae
9224
Pig
Sus scrofa
9823
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
9986
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
8022
Rat
Rattus
10114
Raven
Corvus corax
56781
sei whale
Balaenoptera borealis
9768
Sheep
Ovis aries
9940
Squirrel
Spermophilus richardsonii
37591
Tree shrew
Tupaiidae
9393
Trouts, salmons & chars
Salmoninae
504568
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
9103
Vole
Microtus ochrogaster
79684
Water buffalo
Bubalus bubalis
391902
COMVAX
Haemophilus b Conjugate (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) and Hepatitis B (Recombinant) Vaccine
COMVAX
Merck & Co., Inc
VO_0000028
Conjugate vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
USA (License #0002)
Store vaccine at 2-8°C (36-46*F). Storage above or belew the recommended temperature may reduce potency. DO NOT FREEZE since freezing destroys potency (FDA COMVAX).
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Duck hepatitis B DNA vaccine pcDNA I-S encoding small S proteins
VO_0004353
DNA vaccine
Research
pcDNA I/Amp [Ref2246:Triyatni et al., 1998]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
S protein from DHBV Australian strain (Triyatni et al., 1998)
DNA vaccine construction
The S-DNA vaccine was able to elicit humoral immune responses against DHBV surface proteins in ducks. In addition, The S-DNA vaccine induced high titers of anti-DHBs antibodies, and anti-S antibodies induced by the S-DNA construct were highly effective in neutralizing virus infectivity. (Triyatni et al., 1998).
VO_0000286
Vaccination of ducks with S DNA vaccines prevented the development of viremia following virus challenge. All ducks were challenged with a high-titer dose of DHBV virus. Preincubation of the virus with 5, 10, or, 20 μl of anti-S serum at 37°C for 1 hour prior to i.v. inoculation into 1-day-old ducklings completely prevented the development of viremia during a 4-week observation period in all of the ducks (Triyatni et al., 1998).
Engerix-B
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Engerix-B
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
VO_0010711
Subunit vaccine
Licensed
USA (License #1617)
ENGERIX-B is a sterile suspension of noninfectious hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) for intramuscular administration. It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. It is licensed for human use in USA (FDA: ENGERIX-B).
aluminum hydroxide
Store refrigerated between 2° and 8°C (36° and 46°F). Do not freeze.
ENGERIX-B contains purified surface antigen of the virus obtained by culturing genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which carry the surface antigen gene of the hepatitis B virus. The surface antigen expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells is purified by several physicochemical steps and formulated as a suspension of the antigen adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Each 0.5-mL dose contains 10 mcg of hepatitis B surface antigen adsorbed on 0.25 mg aluminum as aluminum hydroxide (FDA: ENGERIX-B).
Hepatitis B surface antigen
Many clinical trials were conducted on subjects ranging in ages from 6 months old to 65 years.
Side Effects of vaccination with ENGERIX-B include: redness, swelling and pain of the injection site, fever, headache and dizziness
HBsAg Liposomal MTP-PE Vaccine
VO_0004239
Subunit vaccine
Research
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
HBsAg (Jain et al., 2009).
The incorporation of MTP-PE on the liposomal HBsAg increased the stimulation index (SI) four to five times as compared to plain HBsAg solution, and it also induced significantly higher Th1 cellular immune response with a predominant IFN-γ level (Jain et al., 2009).
Swiss
Alum-adsorbed antigen, liposomes (with or without MTP-PE and with or without MDP-GDP) with HBsAg antigen or liposomes (with or without MTP-PE and with or without MDP-GDP) without HBsAg antigen, in a dose equivalent to 10 μg HBsAg were injected intramuscularly and recombinant pure HBsAg was used as control. The immunomodulator doses given with each injection were 20 μg of MTP-PE and 10 μg of MDP-GDP. Secondary immunization was done after 4 weeks with the same formulations (Jain et al., 2009).
HBVAXPRO
(Sanofi Pasteur MSD
Recombinant vector vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
France
HBVAXPRO Is a recombinant vector vaccine with a single adjuvant HBV vaccine with aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle. (Horta et al., 2022)
A single adjuvant HBV vaccine with aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate(Horta et al., 2022)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
hepatitis B surface antigen
Patients were vaccinated with HBVAXPRO® 40 at 0, 1 and 6 months (Horta et al., 2022).
The results of our study show that HBVAXPRO is effective and safe in patients with chronic liver disease.
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine pCEA/HBsAg encoding CEA and HBsAg
VO_0004359
DNA vaccine
Research
pcDNA3 [Ref2253:Conry et al., 2002]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pcDNA3 expressed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Conry et al., 2002).
CEA-specific antibody and lymphoproliferative responses have been reported after vaccination with an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody mimicking a portion of the CEA molecule in patients with colorectal carcinoma (Conry et al., 2002).
VO_0000286
Repetitive dosing of pCEA/HBsAg induced HBsAg antibodies in 6 of 8 patients, with protective antibody levels achieved in 4 of these patients. (Conry et al., 2002).
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine pCMV-HBs encoding HBsAg
VO_0004358
DNA vaccine
Research
pCMV [Ref2251:Davis et al., 1993]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pCMV expressed HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) (Davis et al., 1993).
The serum concentration of secreted HBsAg after a one-time injection of DNA was sufficient to induce the production of anti-HBsAg 10 days after injection, and the antibody levels continued to increase for up to at least 60 days. Direct intramuscular injection of the plasmid vector encoding the HBsAg leads to secretion of the viral surface protein into the circulation, in the form of empty particles (Davis et al., 1993).
VO_0000286
A level of 10 mlU/ml of anti-HBsAg antibody is recognized as being sufficient in humans to confer protection against natural Hepatitis B virus infection. This level of antibody response was achieved in 68% of mice vaccinated with the vaccine candidate at two weeks after vaccination. By 8 wks, all mice had >100 mIU anti-HBsAg in their sera, suggesting sufficient vaccine efficacy (Davis et al., 1993).
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine pCMV-S2.S encoding the HBV(ayw Strain) envelope protein.
VO_0004360
DNA vaccine
Research
pcDNA3 [Ref2256:Davis et al., 1996]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
DNA vaccine construction
Immunization of chimpanzees with HBsAg-expressing plasmid DNA induced specific anti-HBs antibodies. The higher dose of DNA (2 mg) induced significant titers (>100 mIU/ml) of anti-HBs after the initial injection of DNA. These titers never went below the 10 mIU/ml level considered adequate to confer protection (Davis et al., 1996).
VO_0000286
The outcome of challenge with live HBV of the ayw strain was strongly correlated with the anti-HBs titers. Of the eight chimpanzees with a titer >10 mIU/ml, all were protected from infection except for one, which had the lowest anti-HBs titer at 12 mIU/ml. These findings agree closely with the critical protective level of 10 mIU/ml determined for humans by the Centers for Disease Control (Davis et al., 1996).
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine PLGA–CTAB–DNA encoding the small envelope gene
VO_0004352
DNA vaccine
Research
pVAX(S), derived from pVAX1 [Ref2244:He et al., 2005]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
PLG/PLGA, CTAB (He et al., 2005)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pVAX(S) expressed the small envelope gene of HBV (He et al., 2005).
PLGA–CTAB–DNA optimizes two key features during antigen presentation, controlled release and targeted delivery, which might be involved in the mechanisms of its augmented immunogenicity and enhanced immunoprotection (He et al., 2005)
VO_0000286
Mice immunized with PLGA–CTAB–pVAX(S) (20 μg per mouse) or naked pVAX(S) (100 μg per mouse) after a challenge of transplanted HBsAg-expressing tumor cells showed weak protection efficacy, resulting in a final survival rate of 10% or 20% at week 15. However, mice immunized with PLGA–CTAB–pVAX(S) at the dose of 100 μg per mouse displayed a strong inhibition on tumor formation and a remarkable improvement in final survival rate (60%) (He et al., 2005).
Challenge with transplanted HBsAg-expressing tumor cells (He et al., 2005).
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine pRc/CMV-HBs(S) encoding HBsAg
VO_0004354
DNA vaccine
Research
pCMV-S [Ref2248:Khatri et al., 2008]
intranasal immunization
Chitosan (Khatri et al., 2008)
intranasal immunization
DNA vaccine construction
This DNA vaccine expressed the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) (Khatri et al., 2008).
When mice are immunized with recombinant HBsAg, the main type of immune response generated is the antibody response. However, a Th1/CTL response was also elicited, which is important to facilitate eradication of HBV infection and can be utilized for therapeutic immunization of HBV chronic carriers (Khatri et al., 2008).
VO_0000286
Nasal administration of nanoparticles resulted in serum anti-HBsAg titre that was less compared to that elicited by naked DNA and alum adsorbed HBsAg, but the mice were seroprotective within 2 weeks and the immunoglobulin level was above the clinically protective level (>10 mIU/ml) suggesting successful generation of systemic immunity. Levels of 1 and 10 mIU/ml are well-established standards for anti-HBs antibody levels in mice and humans, respectively and are considered sufficient to confer protection against the disease (Khatri et al., 2008).
Hepatitis B DNA vaccine pS encoding major envelope proteins
VO_0004357
DNA vaccine
Research
pcDNA3 [Ref2250:Chow et al., 1998]
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
IL-2 (Chow et al., 1998)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
DNA vaccine construction
Vector pcDNA3 expressed HBV major envelope proteins (Chow et al., 1998).
Coexpression of IL-2 and hepatitis B virus HBV^3 envelope protein within the same plasmid vector resulted in a dramatic increase in its ability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to HBsAg. Also, the IL-2 adjuvant activity helps the HBV DNA vaccine elicit high anti-HBs titers in animals that usually fail to respond to rHBsAg vaccination (Chow et al., 1998)
VO_0000286
Four of five mice immunized with pS + pcDNA3 and challenged with CT26/S showed an inhibition of tumor growth. The protective efficacy was dramatically increased when the IL-12 gene was coinjected with plasmid pS because tumor growth was significantly suppressed, and two of five mice remained tumor free up to 60 days following tumor challenge (Chow et al., 1998).
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with JVRS-1000
VO_0004260
Subunit vaccine
Research
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Morrey et al., 2011).
JVRS-100 combined with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) broke tolerance by stimulating significant B and T cell responses. The combination of HBsAg + JVRS-100 elicited a T cell response as indicated by increased levels of IFN-γ in splenocyte cell-culture supernatant (Morrey et al., 2011).
C57BL/6
HBV transgenic mice were vaccinated with HBsAg (i.m., 5 μg), or HBsAg plus JVRS-100 (i.v., 10 μg) in female C57BL/6 mice (>6 weeks). Animals were treated on days 1, 22, and 43 (Morrey et al., 2011).
Hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine encoding HBVgp2 pre-S1/pre-S2/S
VO_0011411
DNA vaccine
Research
pCI expression vector (Promega, Charbonières, France)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Hepatitis B virus HBVgp2 pre-S1/pre-S2/S
DNA vaccine construction
The pCI expression vector (Promega, Charbonières, France) was used to clone the entire DHBV large envelope gene into Not I polylinker site leading to the pCI-preS/S plasmid [5] and the DHBV core gene leading to pCI-C plasmid (Thermet, submitted). The pCI-preS/S, pCI-C and the native pCI plasmids were purified by Endotoxin Free Giga prep (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) (Thermet et al., 2003).
Pekin
Four-week-old ducks received intramuscular (i.m.) injections of 100–300 μg of plasmid DNA diluted in NaCl 0.9%. The birds were injected in three sites (anterior quadriceps of both legs and breast), and booster doses were given 3 weeks later at the same sites (Thermet et al., 2003).
Immunisation with a plasmid encoding the DHBV large (L) envelope protein (HBVgp2 pre-S1/pre-S2/S) induced a strong, specific, highly neutralising and long-lasting anti-preS humoral response in uninfected ducks. Importantly, maternal antibodies elicited by such DNA immunisation were vertically transmitted and protected progeny against viral challenge (Thermet et al., 2003).
Progeny ducklings received a high titre DHBV challenge and the viremia was followed by quantitative dot blot hybridisation for each animal during 17 days (Thermet et al., 2003).
Hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine pVAX-PS
VO_0011404
DNA vaccine
Research
Plasmid vector pVAX1
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Hepatitis B virus preS2 middle surface protein
DNA vaccine construction
pVAXPS was constructed by inserting the gene encoding the middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope protein of HBV into a plasmid vector pVAX1 (Zhou et al., 2003).
Sixty adult tree shrews purchased from the Kunming Animal Institute were randomly divided into four groups and immunized twice at 2-week intervals with the DNA vaccine by i.m. injection of 100 mg of pVAX-PS or pVAX1 in a volume of 100 ml in bilateral quadriceps (Zhou et al., 2003).
The immunological protection of pVAX-PS, a DNA vaccine, was assessed in the tree shrews model. pVAX-PS was constructed by inserting the gene encoding the middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope protein of HBV into a plasmid vector pVAX1. Results indicated that pVAX-PS immunization could induce remarkable humoral immune response and prevent the experimental tree shrews from infection of HBV (Zhou et al., 2003).
Two weeks after the second DNA immunization, tree shrews in two groups (immunized with pVAX-PS and pVAX1, respectively) were challenged through the caudal vein with 0.8 ml of the patient’s serum positive for the HBV marker (Zhou et al., 2003).
Hepatitis B virus X protein mutant vaccine
VO_0002969
Live, attenuated vaccine
Research
Intrahepatic immunization
Intrahepatic immunization
Gene mutation
.This X protein is from Hepatitis B virus (Zhang et al., 2001).
An X protein mutant is attenuated in woodchucks (Zhang et al., 2001).
An X protein mutant induces significant protection in woodchucks from challenge with wild type Hepatitis B virus (Zhang et al., 2001).
Infanrix-hexa
Combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B (recombinant), inactivated poliomyelitis and adsorbed conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
Infanrix-hexa
GlaxoSmithKline
VO_0010719
Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Canada
Products: Proteins + killed viruses + conjugate. Other components: Yeast protein Formaldehyde, Lactose, Polysorbate 20 and 80.
Aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide
Should be stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F).
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Pediarix
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined
Pediarix
GlaxoSmithKline
VO_0000082
Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
USA (License #1617), Canada
Products: Proteins + killed virus. Other components: Yeast protein Formaldehyde, Polysorbate 80.
Aluminum Hydroxide
The vaccine should be refrigerated between 2º and 8ºC (36º and 46ºF). Do not freeze.
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
recombinant S gene Hepatitis B Vaccine with rIFN-gamma
VO_0004251
Subunit vaccine
Research
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Recombinant S gene of hepatitis B (Quiroga et al., 1990).
The titers of anti-HBs achieved among patients who received vaccine and rIFN-gamma were higher than among those receiving the vaccine alone (Quiroga et al., 1990).
81 adult white hemodialysis patients (46 men, 35 women aged 19-65 yrs) with no serological evidence of immunity to hepatitis B were used in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group I comprised 41 patients who recieved 40μg of recombinant (S gene) hepatitis B vaccine by i.m. injection and 0,1, and 6 months. Group II comprised 40 patients who received 40 μg of recombinant (S gene) hepatitis B vaccine given intramuscularly with 2 million units (MU) of rIFN-gamma/m^2 body surface given subcutaneously at 0,1, and 6 months (Quiroga et al., 1990).
Recombivax HB
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Recombivax HB
Merck & Co, Inc
VO_0010737
Subunit vaccine
Licensed
USA (License #0002)
Aluminum hydroxide
Store vials and syringes at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Do not freeze.
RECOMBIVAX HB is a sterile suspension for intramuscular injection. It is a non-infectious subunit viral vaccine derived from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in yeast cells. A portion of the hepatitis B virus gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast, and the vaccine for hepatitis B is produced from cultures of this recombinant yeast strain according to methods developed in the Merck Research Laboratories. The antigen is harvested and purified from fermentation cultures of a recombinant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the gene for the adw subtype of HBsAg (Merck: Recombivax HB).
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in yeast cells.
Side effects included: pain, redness and swelling of the injection site, fatigue, fever, headache and nausea.
Twinrix
Hepatitis A Inactivated & Hepatitis B (Recombinant) Vaccine
Twinrix
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
VO_0000113
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
USA (License #1617), Canada
TWINRIX should be refrigerated between 2° and 8° C (36° and 46° F). Do not freeze.
TWINRIX is a sterile suspension of inactivated hepatitis A virus (strain HM175) propagated in MRC-5 cells, and combined with purified surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus.
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
In clinical trials, it has been found that combining the hepatitis A antigen with the hepatitis B surface antigen in TWINRIX resulted in comparable anti-HAV or anti-HBsAg titers, relative to vaccination with the individual monovalent vaccines or the concomitant administration of each vaccine in opposite arms (FDA: TWINRIX).
Side effects of immunization included: redness, itching and swelling of the injection site, headache and fatigue. Severe adverse effects were limited and resolved in a timely matter.
Twinrix Junior
Combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine
Twinrix Junior
GlaxoSmithKline
VO_0010743
Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Licensed
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Canada
Products: Recombinant protein + killed virus. Other components: Yeast protein Formaldehyde, Polysorbate 20.
between 2° and 8° C (36° and 46° F). Do not freeze.
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
envelope
Hepatitis B virus
VO_0011094
113207330
CDD:279085
GOA:Q0KG42
InterPro:IPR000349
UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q0KG42
10407
?
preS2 middle surface protein
8.04
30292.77
348
sub-genotype: A3
>CAJ75787.1 preS2 middle surface protein [Hepatitis B virus]
MQWNSTAFHQALQDPRVRGLYFPAGGSSSGTVSPVPNIASHISSISSRTGDPAPTMENITSGFLGPLLVL
QAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGSPVCLGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPICPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLF
ILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGSTTTSTGPCRTCTTPAQGNSMFPSCCCTKPTDGNCTCIPIPSS
WAFAKYLWEWASVRFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGLSPTVWLSAIWMMWYWGPSLYNILSPFIPLLPIFFCLWVY
I
Protective antigen
The immunological protection of pVAX-PS, a DNA vaccine, was assessed in the tree shrews model. pVAX-PS was constructed by inserting the gene encoding the middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope protein of HBV into a plasmid vector pVAX1. Results indicated that pVAX-PS immunization could induce remarkable humoral immune response and prevent the experimental tree shrews from infection of HBV [Ref1106:Zhou et al., 2003].
Envelope proteins
Hepatitis B virus
1510158
CDD:109739
10407
?
envelope proteins
281
Major surface antigen from hepadnavirus; pfam00695
>gi|1510158|dbj|BAA00944.1| envelope proteins [Hepatitis B virus]
MQWNSTTFHQALLDPRVRGLYFPAGGSSSGTVNPVPTTASPISSIFSRTGDPAPNMESTTSGFLGPLLVL
QAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGAPTCPGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPICPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLF
ILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLLPGTSTTSTGPCKTCTIPAQGTSMFPSCCCTKPSDRNCTCIPIPSS
WAFARFLWEWASVRFSWLNLLVPFVQWFAGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWGPSLYNILSPFLPLLPIFFCLWVY
I
Other
HbS
Hepatitis B virus
15384573
CDD:109739
10407
?
HBs antigen
159
isolated from serum
>gi|15384573|gb|AAK96425.1|AF360978_1 HBs antigen [Hepatitis B virus]
GTTVCLGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPTCPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLFILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGS
STTSTGPCRTCTTPAQGTSMYPSCCCTKPSDGNCTCIPIPSSWAFGKFLWEWASARFSWLSLLVPFVQWF
VGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWG
Other
HBVgp3 X protein
Hepatitis B virus
944566
21326587
HBVgp3
X04615
NP_647606
10407
1373
1837
+
X protein
8.34
15417.45
154
>gi|21326584:1373-1837 Hepatitis B virus, complete genome
CATGGCTGCTAGGCTGTGCTGCCAACTGGATCCTGCGCGGGACGTCCTTTGTCTACGTCCCGTCGGCGCT
GAATCCCGCGGACGACCCGTCTCGGGGCCGTTTGGGCCTCTACCGTCCCCTTCTTCATCTGCCGTTCCGG
CCGACCACGGGGCGCACCTCTCTTTACGCGGTCTCCCCGTCTGTGCCTTCTCATCTGCCGGACCGTGTGC
ACTTCGCTTCACCTCTGCACGTAGCATGGAGACCACCGTGAACGCCCACCAGGTCTTGCCCAAGGTCTTA
CACAAGAGGACTCTTGGACTCTCAGCAATGTCAACGACCGACCTTGAGGCATACTTCAAAGACTGTTTGT
TTAAAGACTGGGAGGAGTTGGGGGAGGAGATTAGGTTAAAGGTCTTTGTACTAGGAGGCTGTAGGCATAA
ATTGGTCTGTTCACCAGCACCATGCAACTTTTTCCCCTCTGCCTA
>gi|21326587|ref|NP_647606.1| X protein [Hepatitis B virus]
MAARLCCQLDPARDVLCLRPVGAESRGRPVSGPFGPLPSPSSSAVPADHGAHLSLRGLPVCAFSSAGPCA
LRFTSARSMETTVNAHQVLPKVLHKRTLGLSAMSTTDLEAYFKDCLFKDWEELGEEIRLKVFVLGGCRHK
LVCSPAPCNFFPSA
Virmugen
Researchers generated a series of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) X mutants. Woodchucks inoculated with X mutants, including those with no serologic evidence of infection, were protected from later challenge with infectious Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus, suggesting previous infection with resulting protective immunity [Ref1307:Zhang et al., 2001].
PreS2+S (Middle protein)
Hepatitis B virus strain ayw
71794216
CDD:279085
10407
?
8.03
30302.9
343
Major surface antigen from hepadnavirus; pfam00695
>CAJ21096.1 unnamed protein product [Hepatitis B virus]
MQWNSTTFHQTLQDPRVRGLYFPAGGSSSGTVNPVLTTASPLSSIFSRIGDPALNMENITSGFLGPLLVL
QAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGTTVCLGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPTCPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLF
ILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGSSTTSTGPCRTCMTTAQGTSMYPSCCCTKPSDGNCTCIPIPSS
WAFGKFLWEWASARFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWGPSLYSILSPFLPLLPIFFCLWVY
I
Protective antigen
S
Hepatitis B virus subtype adr
267364
CDD:279085
31513
?
Small envelope protein
8.05
27882.11
425
S glycoprotein; S-HBsAg; Small S protein; Small surface protein; SHB
>sp|P30019.1|HBSAG_HBVC6 RecName: Full=Small envelope protein; AltName: Full=S glycoprotein; AltName: Full=S-HBsAg; Short=SHB; AltName: Full=Small S protein; AltName: Full=Small surface protein
MENTASGFLGPLLVLQAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGAPTCPGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPICP
GYRWMCLRRFIIFLFILLLCLIFLLVLLDYHGMLPVCPLLPGTSTTSTGPCKTCTIPAQGTSMFPSCCCT
KPSDGNCTCIPIPSSWAFARFLWEWASVRFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWGPSLYNILS
PFLPLLPIFFCLWVYI
Protective antigen
S
Duck hepatitis B virus strain GD3
44829150
CDD:279085
12639
?
S protein
8.85
18126.11
218
Major surface antigen from hepadnavirus; pfam00695
>AAS47829.1 S protein [Duck hepatitis B virus]
MSGTFGGILAGLIGLLVSFFLLIKILEILRRLDWWWISLSSPKGKMQCAFQETGAQTSPHYVGSCPWGCP
GFLWTYLRLFIIFLLILLVAAGLLYLTDNGSTILGKLQWASVSALFSSISSLLPSDQKSLVALMFGLLLI
WMTSSSATQTLVTLTQLATLSALFYKS
Protective antigen
S
Hepatitis B virus strain ayw
461940451
CDD:279085
10407
?
small S protein
7.86
24765.13
279
genotype: B
>AGH20418.1 small S protein [Hepatitis B virus]
MENISSGLLGPLLVLQAGFFLLTKILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGTPVCLGQNSQSQISSHSPTCCPPTCP
GYRWMCLRRFIIFLCILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGSSTTSTGPCRTCTTPAQGTSLFPSCCCT
KPTDGNCTCIPIPSSWAFAKYLWEWASVRFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGHSPTVWLSVIWMMWFWGPSLYNILS
PFIPLLPIFFCLWVYI
Protective antigen
S
Duck hepatitis B virus isolate CH6
169116569
CDD:279085
12639
?
large S protein
8.31
39801.32
427
Major surface antigen from hepadnavirus; pfam00695
>ACA42588.1 large S protein [Duck hepatitis B virus]
MKQESFISGYLNIWSHLKVSLIIGNSNTLSINITFMMGQHPAKSMDVRRIEGGEILLNQLAGRMIPKGTL
TWSGKFPTLDHVLDHVQTMEEINTLQNQGAWPAGAGRRVGLSNPTPQEIPQPQWTPEEDQKAREAFRRYQ
EERPPETTTIPPSSPPQWKLQPGDDPLLGNQSLLETHPLYQYTEPEPAVPVIKTPPLKKKMSGTFGGILA
GLIGLLVSFFLLIKILEILRRLDWWWISLSSPKGKMQCAFQDTGAQISPHYVGSCPWGCPGFLWTYLRLF
IIFLLILLVAAGLLYLTDNGSTILGKLQWASVSALFSSISSLLPSDPKSLVALTFGLSLIWMTSSSATQT
LVTLTQLVTLSALFYKS
Protective antigen
Chen et al., 2011
journal
Chen JH, Yu YS, Liu HH, Chen XH, Xi M, Zang GQ, Tang ZH
Ubiquitin conjugation of hepatitis B virus core antigen DNA vaccine leads to enhanced cell-mediated immune response in BALB/c mice
2011
11
8
620-628
Hepatitis monthly
Chow et al., 1998
journal
Chow YH, Chiang BL, Lee YL, Chi WK, Lin WC, Chen YT, Tao MH
Development of Th1 and Th2 populations and the nature of immune responses to hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines can be modulated by codelivery of various cytokine genes
1998
160
3
1320-1329
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
Conry et al., 2002
journal
Conry RM, Curiel DT, Strong TV, Moore SE, Allen KO, Barlow DL, Shaw DR, LoBuglio AF
Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen in colorectal carcinoma patients
2002
8
9
2782-2787
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
Davis et al., 1993
journal
Davis HL, Michel ML, Whalen RG
DNA-based immunization induces continuous secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen and high levels of circulating antibody
1993
2
11
1847-1851
Human molecular genetics
Davis et al., 1996
journal
Davis HL, McCluskie MJ, Gerin JL, Purcell RH
DNA vaccine for hepatitis B: evidence for immunogenicity in chimpanzees and comparison with other vaccines
1996
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14
7213-7218
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
FDA COMVAX
website
FDA COMVAX package insert information
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM109869.pdf
FDA: COMVAX
website
FDA: COMVAX
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm174757.htm
FDA: ENGERIX-B
website
FDA: ENGERIX-B I
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm110102.htm
FDA: Pediarix
website
FDA: Pediarix
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm146759.htm
FDA: RECOMBIVAX HB
website
FDA: RECOMBIVAX HB
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm110098.htm
FDA: TWINRIX
website
FDA: TWINRIX
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm094035.htm
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journal
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HLA-A2 1 restricted peptides from the HBx antigen induce specific CTL responses in vitro and in vivo
2002
20
31-32
3770-3777
Vaccine
Jain et al., 2009
journal
Jain V, Vyas SP, Kohli DV
Well-defined and potent liposomal hepatitis B vaccines adjuvanted with lipophilic MDP derivatives
2009
5
3
334-344
Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine
Khatri et al., 2008
journal
Khatri K, Goyal AK, Gupta PN, Mishra N, Vyas SP
Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B
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354
1-2
235-241
International journal of pharmaceutics
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journal
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DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding the intracellular (HBcAg) or secreted (HBeAg) form of the core protein of hepatitis B virus primes T cell responses to two overlapping Kb- and Kd-restricted epitopes
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9
8
1203-1212
International immunology
Kwissa et al., 2003
journal
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Cytokine-facilitated priming of CD8+ T cell responses by DNA vaccination
2003
81
2
91-9101
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)
Merck: Recombivax HB
website
Merck: Recombivax HB vaccine information
http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/r/recombivax_hb/recombivax_pi.pdf
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journal
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Breaking B and T cell tolerance using cationic lipid-DNA complexes (CLDC) as a vaccine adjuvant with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen in transgenic mice expressing HBV
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3
227-230
Antiviral research
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journal
Payette PJ, Ma X, Weeratna RD, McCluskie MJ, Shapiro M, Engle RE, Davis HL, Purcell RH
Testing of CpG-optimized protein and DNA vaccines against the hepatitis B virus in chimpanzees for immunogenicity and protection from challenge
2006
49
3
144-151
Intervirology
Qing et al., 2010
journal
Qing Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Hu H, Xu H, Ling N, Peng M, Ren H
Construction of an HBV DNA vaccine by fusion of the GM-CSF gene to the HBV-S gene and examination of its immune effects in normal and HBV-transgenic mice
2010
28
26
4301-4307
Vaccine
Quiroga et al., 1990
journal
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Recombinant gamma-interferon as adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients
1990
12
4 Pt 1
661-663
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
Schirmbeck et al., 1995
journal
Schirmbeck R, Böhm W, Ando K, Chisari FV, Reimann J
Nucleic acid vaccination primes hepatitis B virus surface antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonresponder mice
1995
69
10
5929-5934
Journal of virology
Tacket et al., 1999
journal
Tacket CO, Roy MJ, Widera G, Swain WF, Broome S, Edelman R
Phase 1 safety and immune response studies of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B surface antigen delivered by a gene delivery device
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17
22
2826-2829
Vaccine
Thermet et al., 2003
journal
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21
7-8
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Vaccine
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journal
Triyatni M, Jilbert AR, Qiao M, Miller DS, Burrell CJ
Protective efficacy of DNA vaccines against duck hepatitis B virus infection
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1
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Journal of virology
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2000
18
13
1227-1235
Vaccine
Wiki: Hepatitis B
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B
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Endoplasmic reticulum targeting sequence enhances HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by a CTL epitope-based DNA vaccine
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2
255-263
Virology
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X-deficient woodchuck hepatitis virus mutants behave like attenuated viruses and induce protective immunity in vivo
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10
1523-1531
The Journal of clinical investigation
Zhang et al., 2006
journal
Zhang W, Dong SF, Sun SH, Wang Y, Li GD, Qu D
Coimmunization with IL-15 plasmid enhances the longevity of CD8 T cells induced by DNA encoding hepatitis B virus core antigen
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29
4727-4735
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG
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journal
Zhou FJ, Hu ZL, Dai JX, Chen RW, Shi K, Lin Y, Sun SH
Protection of tree shrews by pVAX-PS DNA vaccine against HBV infection
2003
22
7
475-478
DNA and cell biology
Zhou et al., 2003
journal
Zhou X, Zheng L, Liu L, Xiang L, Yuan Z
T helper 2 immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen primed by gene-gun-mediated DNA vaccination can be shifted towards T helper 1 immunity by codelivery of CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotides
2003
58
3
350-357
Scandinavian journal of immunology
Zinckgraf and Silbart, 2003
journal
Zinckgraf JW, Silbart LK
Modulating gene expression using DNA vaccines with different 3'-UTRs influences antibody titer, seroconversion and cytokine profiles
2003
21
15
1640-1649
Vaccine