Clostridium tetani 1485 C. tetani typically enters a host through a wound. C. tetani produces two exotoxins, tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. Eleven strains of C. tetani have been identified, which differ primarily in flagellar antigens and in its ability to produce tetanospasmin. All toxigenic strains contain a plasmid that produces identical toxins. Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin, one of the most potent toxins known. Tetanospasmin causes the clinical manifestations of tetanus. Tetanospasmin is distributed in the blood and lymphatic system. The toxin enters the nerve axon, transports across synaptic junctions, and finally reaches the central nervous system. It is then rapidly fixed to gangliosides at the presynaptic junctions of inhibitory motor nerve endings. The tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory impulses by interfering with the release of neurotransmitters, including glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The clinical manifestations of tetanus include unopposed muscle contraction and spasm (Brook, 2008). Tetanus Clostridium tetani is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. C. tetani is found as spores in soil or as parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. C. tetani produces the toxin tetanospasmin and is the causative agent of tetanus. Tetanus can be prevented by immunization with tetanal toxoid and appropriate wound care. Specific therapy includes intramuscular administration of tetanus immunoglobulin to neutralize circulating toxin before it binds to neuronal cell membranes (Brook, 2008). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 Actacel Actacel Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0010705 Subunit vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + Conjugate. Aluminum phosphate Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Adacel Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed Adacel Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd (USA: License #1726) VO_0000005 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA: License #1726 It is a sterile liquid suspension of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis components adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate, for intramuscular administration.(FDA: Adacel) aluminum phosphate Adacel vaccine should be stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE Clostridium tetani is grown in modified Mueller-Miller casamino acid medium without beef heart infusion. Tetanus toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are individually adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate.(FDA: Adacel) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Pertussis Strong antibody response was induced after the first immunization. The antibody response after booster immunization was also strong, esp. for young age group. The Adacel-induced immune response levels after the first immunization and booster immunization were comparable to those induced by a US licensed Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed For Adult Use (Td) vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Swiftwater, PA (FDA: Adacel). The use of Adacel vaccine as a primary series, or to complete the primary series, has not been studied. Vaccination with Adacel vaccine may not protect all of vaccinated individuals (FDA: Adacel). A severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) after a previous dose of Adacel vaccine. Also, headache, body ache or muscle weakness, tiredness, chills, sore and swollen joints, nausea, lymph node swelling, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash may result.(FDA: Adacel) Adacel-Polio Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Adacel-Polio Sanofi Pasteur SA VO_0003085 Toxoid vaccine + Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada ADACEL®-POLIO is a sterile, uniform, cloudy, white suspension of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed separately on aluminum phosphate and combined with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (vero cell origin) types 1, 2 and 3, and suspended in water for injection. Acellular pertussis vaccine is composed of five purified pertussis antigens (PT, FHA, PRN and FIM). (Product Monograph: Adacel-Polio) Aluminum phosphate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F), do not freeze. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Boostrix Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed Boostrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals VO_0000015 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1617) BOOSTRIX (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) is a noninfectious, sterile, vaccine for intramuscular administration. It contains tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and pertussis antigens (inactivated pertussis toxin [PT] and formaldehyde-treated filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA] and pertactin). The antigens are the same as those in INFANRIX, but BOOSTRIX is formulated with reduced quantities of these antigens (FDA Boostrix). aluminum Phosphate Store refrigerated between 2º and 8ºC (36º and 46ºF). Do not freeze. Tetanus toxin is produced by growing Clostridium tetani in a modified Latham medium derived from bovine casein. Toxins are detoxified with formaldehyde, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and purified by precipitation, dialysis, and sterile filtration (FDA Boostrix). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) In Boostrix, N=1440 to 1444, pre-vaccination levels in a 95% confidence interval were 85.2, while post-vaccination levels at a 95% confidence interval were 98.2 (FDA Boostrix). BOOSTRIX is a vaccine indicated for active booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis as a single dose. : Common solicited adverse events (≥15%) in adolescents were pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, increase in arm circumference of injected arm, headache, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms (FDA Boostrix). Boostrix-Polio Combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (adsorbed) and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine Boostrix-Polio GlaxoSmithKline VO_0003088 Toxoid vaccine + Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada BOOSTRIX®-POLIO (combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliomyetitis) vaccine contains diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, three purified pertussis antigens [pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (69 kDalton outer membrane protein)] adsorbed onto aluminum salts and inactivated polio virus types 1, 2 and 3. (GSK: Boostrix-Polio) Aluminum hydroxide Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F), do not freeze. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) C. tetani DNA vaccine pcDNA3tetC encoding fragment C VO_0004414 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3 [Ref2333:Anderson et al., 1997] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant protein preparation Vector pcDNA3 expressed fragment C (Anderson et al., 1997). Anti-Fragment C serum immunoglobulin and proliferative responses in splenocytes were observed following two immunizations with pcDNA3/tetC (Anderson et al., 1997). VO_0000286 Immunization of mice with Fragment C protein, the non-toxic C-terminal domain of tetanus toxin, protects mice against lethal challenge with tetanus toxin. Seven out of ten immunized mice were protected (Anderson et al., 1997). DAPTACEL Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed DAPTACEL Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd. VO_0000029 Toxoid vaccine Licensed USA (License #1726) DAPTACEL is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis as a five-dose series in infants and children 6 weeks through 6 years of age. should be stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Clostridium tetani is grown in modified Mueller-Miller casamino acid medium without beef heart infusion. Tetanus toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration (FDA: DAPTACEL). Isotonic suspension of pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (FDA: DAPTACEL). One clinical study found that among a random subset of children who received the fourth dose of DAPTACEL vaccine at 15-16 months of age, 96.5% achieved diphtheria antitoxin levels of ≥1.0 IU/mL after the fourth dose. (FDA: DAPTACEL). A tetanus antitoxin level ≥0.1 IU/mL as measured by the ELISA used in clinical studies of DAPTACEL vaccine is considered protective (FDA: DAPTACEL). The most common side effects reported are: injection site reactions, fussiness/irritability, inconsolable crying, and decreased activity/lethargy, and fever (FDA: DAPTACEL). Decavac Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed For Adult Use Decavac Sanofi Pasteur, Inc VO_0000030 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1725) It is for intramuscular injection, and is a sterile suspension of alum (aluminum potassium sulfate)-precipitated toxoids in an isotonic sodium chloride solution (FDA Decavac). aluminum potassium sulfate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). Do not freeze. Do not use vaccine after expiration date. Clostridium tetani cultures are grown in a peptone-based medium containing an extract of bovine muscle tissue. The toxins are produced during the growth of the cultures are detoxified with formaldehyde. The detoxified materials are then separately purified by serial ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration, and adsorbed onto alum (FDA Decavac). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) The results that indicated protective levels of antibody were achieved in greater than 90% of the study population after primary immunization with both components. Booster effects were achieved in 100% of the individuals with pre-existing antibody responses (FDA Decavac). Side effects include: erythema, tenderness and induration at the injection site and 2% systemic reactions consisting of headache, malaise and temperature elevations. Boosters can accentuate side effects (FDA Decavac). Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed No Tradename Sanofi Pasteur Inc VO_0000033 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (FDA License #1725), Canada This vaccine is for intramuscular use. It is a sterile suspension of alum-precipitated (aluminum potassium sulfate) toxoid in an isotonic sodium chloride solution (FDA: dttadLB). aluminum potassium sulfate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Clostridium tetani cultures are grown in a peptone-based medium containing bovine extract. Both toxins are detoxified with formaldehyde. The detoxified materials are then separately purified by serial ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Detoxified toxins from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani (FDA: dttadLB) In one clinical trial, protective levels of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins were detected in 100% of the children following two doses of the vaccine (FDA: dttadLB). A complete vaccination series substantially reduces the risk of developing diphtheria, and vaccinated persons who develop disease have milder illness. Protection lasts at least 10 years. Vaccination does not, however, eliminate carriage of C. diphtheriae in the pharynx or nose or on the skin (FDA: dttadLB). Adverse reactions may be local and include redness, warmth, edema, induration, with or without tenderness, as well as urticaria, and rash. Malaise, transient fever, pain, hypotension, nausea and arthralgia may develop as well (FDA: dttadLB). Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.23) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Intervet Inc. VO_0002266 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.27) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002268 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4867.20) Wyeth VO_0002269 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4867.21) Wyeth VO_0002270 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.00) Colorado Serum Company, Merial, Inc. VO_0002263 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.01) Intervet Inc. VO_0002264 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002265 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4865.26) Wyeth VO_0002267 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.23) Wyeth VO_0002271 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.24) Wyeth VO_0002272 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.A0) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002273 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4875.A1) Intervet Inc. VO_0002274 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002248 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.23) Wyeth VO_0002249 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.24) Wyeth VO_0002250 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.45) Intervet Inc. VO_0002251 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4835.46) Intervet Inc. VO_0002252 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 46W5.21) Wyeth VO_0002238 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4844.30) Intervet Inc. VO_0002253 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.22) Wyeth VO_0002258 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.23) Wyeth VO_0002259 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.24) Wyeth VO_0002260 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4847.32) Intervet Inc. VO_0002261 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.23) Wyeth VO_0002254 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.24) Wyeth VO_0002255 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.32) Intervet Inc. VO_0002256 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4845.33) Intervet Inc. VO_0002257 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-Rhinopneumonitis-Influenza-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Killed Flavivirus Chimera Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 4855.R2) Intervet Inc. VO_0002262 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.20) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002284 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western & Venezuelan, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.23) Wyeth VO_0002287 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.21) Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. VO_0002285 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W5.22) Wyeth VO_0002286 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Encephalomyelitis-West Nile Virus Eastern & Western, Killed Virus, Live Canarypox Vector Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid (USDA: 48W9.R0) Merial, Inc. VO_0002288 Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed USA Infanrix Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Infanrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals VO_0000064 Toxoid vaccine Licensed USA (License #1617 ), Canada The vaccine is an noninfectious, sterile combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and 3 pertussis antigens [inactivated pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (69 kiloDalton outer membrane protein)] adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide (FDA Infanrix). Aluminum Hydroxide Store INFANRIX refrigerated between 2° and 8°C (36° and 46°F). Do not freeze. Tetanus toxin is produced by growing Clostridium tetani in a modified Latham medium derived from bovine casein. The toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and purified by precipitation, dialysis, and sterile filtration (FDA Infanrix). Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and 3 pertussis antigens [inactivated pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (69 kiloDalton outer membrane protein)] (FDA Infanrix). Ninety percent of infants who received Hib simultaneously with INFANRIX achieved anti-PRP antibodies >1 mcg/mL (N = 72), and 96% to 100% of infants who received OPV simultaneously with INFANRIX showed protective neutralizing antibody to poliovirus Types 1, 2, and 3 (N = 60-61) (FDA Infanrix). Injection site reactions, irritability, drowsiness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and crying (FDA Infanrix). Infanrix -IPV/Hib Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular component), poliomyelitis (inactivated) and Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine (adsorbed) Infanrix -IPV/Hib GlaxoSmithKline VO_0010722 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + killed virus + conjugate. Other components: Formaldehyde Polysorbate 80, Lactose. Aluminum Hydroxide Store in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Infanrix-hexa Combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B (recombinant), inactivated poliomyelitis and adsorbed conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine Infanrix-hexa GlaxoSmithKline VO_0010719 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + killed viruses + conjugate. Other components: Yeast protein Formaldehyde, Lactose, Polysorbate 20 and 80. Aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide Should be stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Infanrix-IPV Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component) and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine (adsorbed) Infanrix-IPV GlaxoSmithKline VO_0010721 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + killed virus. Other components: Formaldehyde, Polysorbate 80. Aluminum hydroxide Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Infanrix/Hib Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. Infanrix/Hib GlaxoSmithKline VO_0010720 Subunit vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + conjugate. Other components: Formaldehyde, Lactose. Aluminum hydroxide Store at 2°C – 8°C (in a refrigerator). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) KINRIX Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine KINRIX GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals VO_0000067 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1617) Aluminum Hydroxide Store refrigerated between 2° and 8°C (36° and 46°F). Do not freeze. Tetanus toxin is produced by growing Clostridium tetani in a modified Latham medium derived from bovine casein. The toxin is then detoxified with formaldehyde, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and purified by recipitation, dialysis, and sterile filtration (FDA: KINRIX). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Each 0.5-mL dose is formulated to contain 25 Lf of diphtheria toxoid, 10 Lf of tetanus toxoid, 25 mcg of inactivated pertussin toxin (PT), 25 mcg of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 8 mcg of pertactin (69 kiloDalton outer membrane protein), 40 D-antigen Units (DU) of Type 1 poliovirus (Mahoney), 8 DU of Type 2 poliovirus (MEF-1), and 32 DU of Type 3 poliovirus (Saukett) (FDA: KINRIX). The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis components of KINRIX are the same as those in INFANRIX and PEDIARIX and the poliovirus component is the same as that in PEDIARIX (FDA: KINRIX). After vaccination, antibody levels in clinical trials was determined to be between 85-100% for all subjects (FDA: KINRIX). The most common side effects reported are: local injection site reactions, drowsiness, fever and loss of appetite (FDA: KINRIX). licensed Tetanus human vaccine Generic Unknown VO_0000640 Toxoid vaccine Licensed A generic representation of vaccines used to prevent tetanus in humans, which are based on inactivated tetanus toxin (toxoid) to elicit protective immunity. These vaccines do not contain live bacteria and are highly effective in preventing tetanus infection. Pediacel Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine and Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Protein – Conjugate) Pediacel Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0010730 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins, killed virus + conjugate. Other components: Bovine serum Formaldehyde, Polysorbate 80. Aluminum phosphate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Pediarix Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined Pediarix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals VO_0000082 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1617) The vaccine contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, 3 pertussis antigens (inactivated pertussis toxin [PT] and formaldehyde-treated filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA] and pertactin [69 kiloDalton outer membrane protein]), hepatitis B surface antigen, plus poliovirus Type 1 (Mahoney), Type 2 (MEF-1), and Type 3 (Saukett) (FDA: Pediarix). Aluminum Hydroxide Store PEDIARIX refrigerated between 2º and 8ºC (36º and 46ºF). Do not freeze. Tetanus toxin is produced by growing Clostridium tetani in a modified Latham medium derived from bovine casein. The toxin is then detoxified with formaldehyde, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and purified by precipitation, dialysis, and sterile filtration (FDA: Pediarix). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) In response to vaccination, all patients seem to have around 90-100% antibody response. Following immunization, protection persists for at least 10 years. Most common side effects reported are: local injection site reactions, fever, fussiness/irritability, and loss of appetite. Pentacel Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine Pentacel Sanofi Pasteur Limited VO_0000084 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1726), Canada It consists of a Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliovirus (DTaP-IPV) component and an ActHIB® vaccine component. Pentacel vaccine is indicated for active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pentacel vaccine is approved for use in children 6 weeks through 4 years of age (prior to fifth birthday) (FDA: Pentacel). Aluminum phosphate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). Do not freeze Clostridium tetani is grown in modified Mueller-Miller casamino acid medium. Tetanus toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are individually adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate (FDA: Pentacel). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) There was no evidence for interference in the immune response to the fourth dose of PCV7 (percent of participants with antibody levels ≥0.15 μg/mL and ≥0.5 μg/mL and GMCs to each serotype) administered at 15 months of age concomitantly with Pentacel vaccine (N = 155) (FDA: Pentacel). Injection site reactions include: Redness, swelling, tenderness, and an increase in arm circumference. The Systemic reactions include: fever, decreased activity, inconsolable crying, and irritability (FDA: Pentacel). Quadracel Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Quadracel Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0010736 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins + killed virus. Other components: Bovine albumin Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Polysorbate 80. Aluminum phosphate Store at 2 to 8C (35 to 46F). Do not freeze. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) rCMV-TT VO_0004718 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccine platform (Tierney et al., 2012). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Mice were inoculated with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose (5 × 10^6 pfu) of either MCMV/TetC or wild type (WT) MCMV (Δm157) control (Tierney et al., 2012). VO_0003057 Results show that the protective levels of anti-tetanus antibodies that are durable (lasting >13 months) in mice following only a single dose. This study demonstrates the ability of a 'single-dose' CMV-based vaccine strategy to induce durable protection, and supports the potential for a tetanus vaccine based on CMV to impact the incidence of tetanus in developing countries (Tierney et al., 2012). Streptococcus gordonii-TTFC VO_0004669 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant S. gordonii expressing TTFC (Medaglini et al., 2001) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) For each mouse strain two groups were inoculated respectively with vaccine strain GP1253 (n=26) and control strain GP1252 (n=14). Mice were inoculated twice, at 3 weeks intervals, with 10^9 CFU of bacteria in a volume of 100 μl/mouse. Two groups of 16 BALB/c mice each were inoculated intranasally with vaccine strain GP1253 or control strain GP1252. VO_0000287 A total of 82% of vaccinated BALB/c mice were protected from the lethal challenge with 50 LD(50) of tetanus toxin (TT) and a direct correlation between the serum TTFC-specific IgG concentration and survival time of unprotected animals was observed. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice was also effective in inducing TTFC-specific serum IgG and local IgA in lung washes. Furthermore, 38% of animals immunized intranasally were protected from the lethal challenge with 10 LD(50) of TT while all control animals died within 24 h. Mice immunized with vaccine strain GP1253 or control strain GP1252 were challenged with 50 or 10 LD50 of TT corresponding to 100 and 20 ng/mouse. TT was diluted in sterile PBS and administered subcutaneously in a volume of 100 μl/mouse. Td Adsorbed Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed Td Adsorbed Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0010739 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Td ADSORBED is a sterile, cloudy, uniform suspension of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adsorbed on aluminum phosphate asuspended in isotonic sodium chloride solution for intramuscular injection only. aluminum phosphate Store at 2º to 8ºC (35º to 46ºF). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Td Polio Adsorbed Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Td Polio Adsorbed Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0011482 Subunit vaccine + Inactivated or "killed" vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Td POLIO ADSORBED [Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine] produced by Sanofi Pasteur Limited, is a sterile, cloudy, white, uniform suspension of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adsorbed on aluminum phosphate and suspended in phosphate buffered saline solution and combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine for intramuscular injection only. Products: Proteins + killed virus. Other components: Bovine albumin Formaldehyde, Polysorbate 80. Aluminum phosphate Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) TENIVAC Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed For Adult Use TENIVAC Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd VO_0000102 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1726) Is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of tetanus and diphtheria in persons 7 years of age and older(FDA: Tenivac) Aluminum Phosphate TENIVAC vaccine should be stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Clostridium tetani is grown in modified Mueller-Miller casamino acid medium without beef heart infusion. Tetanus toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. (FDA: Tenivac) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Among adults 65 years of age and over who received TENIVAC vaccine (N = 419), 94.5% (95% 273 confidence interval 91.9, 96.5) had a post-vaccination diphtheria antitoxoid level 275 ≥0.1 IU/mL (FDA: Tenivac). The most frequent solicited injection site reaction within 0-3 days following TENIVAC was pain, reported in 78.3% of study participants 11-59 years of age and 35.3% of participants ≥60 years of age. Contraindicatons include pain, redness, swelling, and systemic adverse effects(FDA: Tenivac) Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids, Adsorbed None MassBiologics VO_0000111 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (Td) manufactured by MassBiologics is a sterile vaccine for intramuscular injection. After shaking, the vaccine appears as a homogeneous milky white suspension. Each 0.5 ml dose of MassBiologics’ Td is formulated to contain the following active ingredients: 2 Lf of tetanus toxoid and 2 Lf of diphtheria toxoid. Each 0.5 ml dose also contains aluminum adjuvant (not more than 0.53 mg aluminum by assay), < 100 mcg (0.02%) of residual formaldehyde, and a trace amount of thimerosal [mercury derivative, (< 0.3 mcg mercury/dose)] (not as a preservative) from the manufacturing process. (FDA: Tetanus and Diptheria Toxoids Adsorbed) Aluminum phosphate Store at 2°C - 8°C (36°F - 46°F), do not freeze. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0000109 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA, Canada Products: Protein. Aluminum potassium sulfate Store between 2° – 8°C (35° – 46°F). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed by Sanofi Pasteur Inc Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed None Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. VO_0000033 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (License #1725) Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed manufactured by Aventis Pasteur Inc., for intramuscular injection, is a sterile suspension of alum-precipitated (aluminum potassium sulfate) toxoid in an isotonic sodium chloride solution (FDA: Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed). aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) Store between 2° – 8°C (35° – 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. C. tetani culture is grown in a peptone-based medium containing an extract of bovine muscle tissue and detoxified with formaldehyde. The detoxified material is purified by serial ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration, followed by sterile filtration. The toxoid is adsorbed to aluminum potassium sulfate (alum). The adsorbed toxoid is diluted with physiological saline solution (0.85%) (FDA: Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed by Sanofi Pasteur Inc). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Side effects of vaccination are: injection site reactions, fever, and nausea. Tetanus Toxoid by Sanofi Pasteur Inc Tetanus Toxoid Sanofi Pasteur, SA VO_0000984 Toxoid vaccine Licensed USA (License #1724) Tetanus Toxoid is interchangeable with Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed (contains aluminum adjuvant) as a booster, and would only be preferred if aluminum was to be avoided. Although the rate of seroconversion is essentially equivalent with either form, adsorbed toxoids induce more persistent antitoxin titers.2 Tetanus Toxoid would be preferred over diphtheria-containing vaccines if there was a contraindication to the diphtheria component (FDA: Tetanus Toxoid). Store at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Tetanus Toxoid with Calcium Phosphate VO_0004230 Toxoid vaccine Research subcutaneous injection subcutaneous injection Mice immunized with CP-TT had IgG levels than mice immunized with TT adsorbed to aluminum phosphate (Gupta and Siber, 1994). BALB/c MIce were injected with TT preparation subcutaneously and boosted 30 days later (Gupta and Siber, 1994) Tetanus Toxoid with Stearyl Tyrosine VO_0004231 Toxoid vaccine Research subcutaneous injection subcutaneous injection Mice immunized with stearyl tyrosine TT had lower IgG responses than in mice immunized with TT adsorbed to aluminum phosphate (Gupta and Siber, 1994). BALB/c Mice were injected with TT preparation subcutaneously and boosted 30 days later (Gupta and Siber, 1994). Tripacel Pertussis Vaccine-Acellular, Combined with Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids (Adsorbed) Tripacel Sanofi Pasteur Ltd VO_0010742 Subunit vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Canada Products: Proteins. Other components: Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde. Aluminum phosphate Store at at 2° to 8°C. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Tripedia Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Tripedia Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. VO_0000112 Toxoid vaccine Licensed Intramuscular injection (i.m.) USA (FDA License #1725) Tripedia vaccine combines diptheria and tetanus toxoids with purified pertussis antigens. It consists of 3 doses administered at intervals of 4-8 weeks(FDA: Tripedia) aluminum potassium sulfate Store between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. DO NOT FREEZE. Clostridium tetani cultures are grown in a peptone-based medium containing a bovine extract. It is then detoxified with formaldehyde and seperately purified by serial ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration.(FDA: Tripedia) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Overall seroconversion rates in chuldren who received ActHIB reconstituted with Tripedia vaccine were 98%, 98%, and 96% for measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively.(FDA: Tripedia) Complete immunization significantly reduces the risk of developing diptheria and protection is said to last around 10 years.(FDA: Tripedia) Side effects of vaccination include: injection site reactions, fevver, irritability, drowsiness, and vomiting. In some cases with infant immunization, anorexia and an unusual hig-pitched cry were reported(FDA: Tripedia) TTC VO_0010909 157829735 1A8D CDD:285228 CDD:285226 1513 ? 6.63 50172.35 506 NCBI Domains >pdb|1A8D|A Chain A, Tetanus Toxin C Fragment MKNLDCWVDNEEDIDVILKKSTILNLDINNDIISDISGFNSSVITYPDAQLVPGINGKAIHLVNNESSEV IVHKAMDIEYNDMFNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLEQYGTNEYSIISSMKKHSLSIGSGWSVSLKGNNLIWT LKDSAGEVRQITFRDLPDKFNAYLANKWVFITITNDRLSSANLYINGVLMGSAEITGLGAIREDNNITLK LDRCNNNNQYVSIDKFRIFCKALNPKEIEKLYTSYLSITFLRDFWGNPLRYDTEYYLIPVASSSKDVQLK NITDYMYLTNAPSYTNGKLNIYYRRLYNGLKFIIKRYTPNNEIDSFVKSGDFIKLYVSYNNNEHIVGYPK DGNAFNNLDRILRVGYNAPGIPLYKKMEAVKLRDLKTYSVQLKLYDDKNASLGLVGTHNGQIGNDPNRDI LIASNWYFNHLKDKILGCDWYFVPTDEGWTND Protective antigen The fragment C of tetanus toxin was amplified from Clostridium tetani DNA by PCR. Immunization of mice with rTTC resulted in the production of antibodies that were able to protect mice against a challenge with tetanus toxin furthermore, rTTC in vivo appeared to be able to undergo retrograde axonal transport [Ref1073:He et al., 2000]. Anderson et al., 1997 journal Anderson R, Gao XM, Papakonstantinopoulou A, Fairweather N, Roberts M, Dougan G 1997 15 8 827-829 Vaccine Brook, 2008 journal Brook I 2008 6 3 327-336 Expert review of anti-infective therapy FDA Boostrix website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm172925.htm FDA Decavac website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm094067.htm FDA Infanrix website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm101568.htm FDA: Adacel website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm172481.htm FDA: DAPTACEL website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm101572.htm FDA: dttadLB website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm094012.htm FDA: KINRIX website https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM241453.pdf FDA: Pediarix website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm146759.htm FDA: Pentacel website https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM109810.pdf FDA: Quadracel website https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM439903.pdf FDA: Tenivac website https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM152826.pdf FDA: Tetanus and Diptheria Toxoids Adsorbed website https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM164127.pdf FDA: Tetanus Toxoid website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm166863.htm FDA: Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed by Sanofi Pasteur Inc website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm094068.htm FDA: Tripedia website http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm101565.htm GSK: Boostrix-Polio website https://ca.gsk.com/media/589683/boostrix-polio.pdf GSK: Infanrix-hexa website http://ca.gsk.com/media/537989/infanrix-hexa.pdf GSK: Infanrix-IPV website http://ca.gsk.com/media/590851/infanrix-ipv.pdf GSK: Infanrix-IPV/Hib website http://ca.gsk.com/media/590970/infanrix-ipv-hib.pdf Gupta and Siber, 1994 journal Gupta RK, Siber GR 1994 22 1 53-63 Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization He et al., 2000 journal He HJ, He ZY, Shi HJ, Zhu W, Yang GZ, Yuan QS, Wu XF 2000 32 4 322-326 Sheng wu hua xue yu sheng wu wu li xue bao Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Medaglini et al., 2001 journal Medaglini D, Ciabattini A, Spinosa MR, Maggi T, Marcotte H, Oggioni MR, Pozzi G 2001 19 15-16 1931-1939 Vaccine Product Monograph: Adacel-Polio website https://www.vaccineshoppecanada.com/document.cfm?file=adacel-polio_e.pdf Product Monograph: Pediacel website https://www.vaccineshoppecanada.com/document.cfm?file=Pediacel_E.pdf Product Monograph: Td Adsorbed website https://www.vaccineshoppecanada.com/document.cfm?file=td_adsorbed_e.pdf Product Monograph: Td Polio Adsorbed website https://www.vaccineshoppecanada.com/document.cfm?file=td_polio_adsorbed_e.pdf