Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 11976 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease Rabbits Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD) or viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and often fatal disease that affects wild and domestic rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus. The infectious agent responsible for the disease is rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), or rabbit calicivirus (RCV), genus Lagovirus of the family Caliciviridae. The virus infects only rabbits, and has been used in some countries to control rabbit populations (Wiki: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease). Baboon Papio cynocephalus 9556 Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus 447135 Bear Ursus americanus 9643 Birds Passeroidea 175121 Brown Trout Salmo trutta 8032 Buffalo Bison bison 9901 Carnivores Vulpes 9625 Cat Felis catus 9685 Catfishes Siluriformes 7995 Cattle Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Gallus gallus 9031 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 9598 chinchillas Chinchillidae 10150 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 9067 Deer Cervus elaphus 9860 Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 10042 Dog Canis familiaris 9615 Ducks Anas 8835 Ferret Mustela putorius furo 9669 Fish Hyperotreti 117565 Gerbil Gerbillina 10045 Goat Capra hircus 9925 Gray wolf Canis lupus 9612 Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 10141 Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 10036 Horse Equus caballus 9796 Human Homo sapiens 9606 Macaque Macaca fascicularis 9541 Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus 10047 Monkey Platyrrhini 9479 Mouse Mus musculus 10090 None None Parrot Psittacidae 9224 Pig Sus scrofa 9823 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 9986 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 Rat Rattus 10114 Raven Corvus corax 56781 sei whale Balaenoptera borealis 9768 Sheep Ovis aries 9940 Squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii 37591 Tree shrew Tupaiidae 9393 Trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae 504568 Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Vole Microtus ochrogaster 79684 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 391902 ALVAC-RHDV (vCP309) VO_0004738 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) An ALVAC (canarypox)-based recombinant virus ALVAC-RHDV (vCP309) expressing a native rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) capsid protein was derived and assessed for its protective efficacy in rabbits (Fischer et al., 1997). Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Rabbits were inoculated with varying doses of vCP309 (Fischer et al., 1997). VO_0003057 Protection against a lethal RHDV challenge was demonstrated in rabbits inoculated twice with either high (10(7) p.f.u.) or low (10(5) p.f.u.) doses of vCP309. However, animals in the high dose group developed significantly higher antibody response (Fischer et al., 1997). Rabbits were challenged with RHDV (Fischer et al., 1997). RHDV DNA vaccine pcDNA-VP60 VO_0004577 DNA vaccine Research pcDNA3.1(+) [Ref2705:Yuan et al., 2013] Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) DNA vaccine construction In all cases, the rabbits immunized with pcDNA-VP60 developed high level of RHDV-specific antibodies and cellular immune response (Yuan et al., 2013). VO_0003057 The rabbits inoculated with PBS and pcDNA3.1(+) were not protected from the RHDV challenge and developed high fever and oronasal hemorrhage, and died within two days after challenge as a consequence of the viral infection. All pcDNA-VP60 and RHDV inactive vaccine vaccinated rabbits survived (Yuan et al., 2013). RHDV VLP VP60 Vaccine Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) VLP-based vaccine developed from silkworm pupae confers protection against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in rabbits. (Zheng et al., 2016) RHDV VLPs were autonomously assembled in the silkworm pupae that have been infected by rBmNPV-VP60 (Zheng et al., 2016) Intramuscular injection (i.m.) VP60 (Zheng et al., 2016) Detectable HI titers in animals immunized with VLPs with or without FCA were first detected at 15 days after vaccination, and reached a plateau of 2^10 and 2^8 reciprocal dilutions by 90 and 60 days after vaccination, respectively. (Zheng et al., 2016) Ninety rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 30) and inoculated i.m. with 1 ml VLPs emulsified in Freund's Complete Adju- vant (FCA) (HAU of VLPs = 10^4), an equal dose of VLPs alone, or a mock control. (Zheng et al., 2016) Full survival was observed in VLP + FCA rabbits when challenged at 360 days after vaccination with a single i.m. injection of 100 × LD50 RHDV. Full survival was observed in VLP only rabbits when challenged at 180 days after vaccination. In contrast, all control animals died 24–96 h after RHDV challenge with symptoms typical of RHD. (Zheng et al., 2016) At 30, 180, 240, and 360 days after vaccination, 6 rabbits from each group were randomly selected and challenged i.m. with 100 × LD50 of live RHDV (CHA/JL/10 strain) (Zheng et al., 2016) rORFV-RHDV-VP60 VO_0004767 Recombinant vector vaccine Research Intramuscular injection (i.m.) (Rohde et al., 2011) Anew recombinant Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus) expressing the major capsid protein VP1 (VP60) of RHDV. Intramuscular injection (i.m.) Recombinant protein preparation Recombinant Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus) expressing the major capsid protein VP1 (VP60) of the calicivirus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (Rohde et al., 2011). The animals were immunized once, twice or 3-times by the intramuscular (i.m.) route with 1 ml D1701-V-VP1 containing 10^7 PFU (plaque-forming units), 10^6 PFU, or 10^5 PFU, respectively. For controls, groups of rabbits were vaccinated with the commercial RHDV vaccine “RIKA-VACC” (Riemser Arzneimittel AG, Germany) or remained non-vaccinated (Rohde et al., 2011). VO_0003057 All animals immunized with the ORFV-vectored vaccine survived without any clinical signs, similar to animals control immunized with the commercially available inactivated RHDV vaccine RIKA-VACC. As expected, all non-immunized rabbits died within 48 h after challenge with RHD-specific clinical symptoms (Rohde et al., 2011). Twenty two days after the last vaccination, the animals were inoculated i.m. with 1 ml containing 104 LD50 (lethal dose 50) of the virulent RHDV strain “Eisenhüttenstadt” (Rohde et al., 2011). ORF1 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 515625 CDD:279283 CDD:165513 GOA:Q86119 InterPro:IPR000317 InterPro:IPR000605 InterPro:IPR001205 InterPro:IPR003593 InterPro:IPR004004 InterPro:IPR004005 InterPro:IPR007094 InterPro:IPR009003 InterPro:IPR014759 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q86119 11976 ? VP60 4.97 55535.12 641 Calicivirus coat protein; pfam00915 >CAA80883.1 VP60 [Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus] MEGKARTAPQGEAAGTATTASVPGTTTDGMDPGVVATTSVVTAENSSASIATAGIGGPPQQVDQQETWRT NFYYNDVFTWSVADAPGSILYTVQHSPQNNPFTAVLSQMYAGWAGGMQFRFIVAGIGVFGGRLVAAVIPP GIEIGPGLEVRQFPHVVIDARSLEPVTITMPDLRPNMYHPTGDPGLVPTLVLSVYNNLINPFGGSTSAIQ VTVETRPSEDFEFVMIRAPSSKTVDSISPAGLLTTPVLTGVGNDNRWNGQIVGLQPVPGGFSTCNRHWNL NGSTYGWSSPRFGDIGHRRGSASYPGNNATNVLQFWYANAGSAIDNPISQVAPDGFPDMSFVPFNGPGIP AAGWVGFGAIWNSNSGAPNVTTVQAYELGFATGAPGNLQPTTNTSGSQTVAKSIYAVVTGTAQNPAGLFV MASGVISTPSANAITYTPQPDRIVTTPGTPAAAPVGKNTPIMFASVVRRTGDVNATAGSANGTQYGTGSQ PLPVTIGLSLNNYSSALMPGQFFVWQLTFASGFMEIGLSVDGYFYAGTGASTTLIDLTELIDVRPVGPRP SKSTLVFNLGGTANGFSYV Protective antigen Fischer et al., 1997 journal Fischer L, Le Gros FX, Mason PW, Paoletti E 1997 15 1 90-96 Vaccine Rohde et al., 2011 journal Rohde J, Schirrmeier H, Granzow H, Rziha HJ 2011 29 49 9256-9264 Vaccine Wiki: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease website https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_haemorrhagic_disease Yuan et al., 2013 journal Yuan D, Qu L, Liu J, Guo D, Jiang Q, Lin H, Si C 2013 164 1-2 1-8 Veterinary microbiology